LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - disco/pack - fd_pack.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: cov.lcov Lines: 1581 1777 89.0 %
Date: 2026-08-10 04:52:31 Functions: 37 45 82.2 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : #define FD_UNALIGNED_ACCESS_STYLE 0
       2             : #include "fd_pack.h"
       3             : #include "fd_pack_cost.h"
       4             : #include "fd_pack_bitset.h"
       5             : #include "fd_pack_unwritable.h"
       6             : #include "fd_chkdup.h"
       7             : #include "fd_pack_tip_prog_blacklist.h"
       8             : #include <math.h> /* for sqrt */
       9             : #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
      10             : #include "../metrics/fd_metrics.h"
      11             : 
      12             : #define FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY 1
      13             : 
      14             : /* inline fd_hash and specialize for 32 bytes */
      15             : static inline ulong
      16             : fd_hash_32( ulong        seed,
      17     1182711 :             void const * buf ) {
      18    14192532 : #define ROTATE_LEFT(x,r) (((x)<<(r)) | ((x)>>(64-(r))))
      19    16557954 : #define C1 (11400714785074694791UL)
      20    13009821 : #define C2 (14029467366897019727UL)
      21     1182711 : #define C3 ( 1609587929392839161UL)
      22     4730844 : #define C4 ( 9650029242287828579UL)
      23     1182711 :   uchar const * p    = ((uchar const *)buf);
      24             : 
      25     1182711 :   ulong w = seed + (C1+C2);
      26     1182711 :   ulong x = seed + C2;
      27     1182711 :   ulong y = seed;
      28     1182711 :   ulong z = seed - C1;
      29             : 
      30     1182711 :   w += FD_LOAD( ulong, p    )*C2; w = ROTATE_LEFT( w, 31 ); w *= C1;
      31     1182711 :   x += FD_LOAD( ulong, p+ 8 )*C2; x = ROTATE_LEFT( x, 31 ); x *= C1;
      32     1182711 :   y += FD_LOAD( ulong, p+16 )*C2; y = ROTATE_LEFT( y, 31 ); y *= C1;
      33     1182711 :   z += FD_LOAD( ulong, p+24 )*C2; z = ROTATE_LEFT( z, 31 ); z *= C1;
      34             : 
      35     1182711 :   ulong h = ROTATE_LEFT( w, 1 ) + ROTATE_LEFT( x, 7 ) + ROTATE_LEFT( y, 12 ) + ROTATE_LEFT( z, 18 );
      36             : 
      37     1182711 :   w *= C2; w = ROTATE_LEFT( w, 31 ); w *= C1; h ^= w; h = h*C1 + C4;
      38     1182711 :   x *= C2; x = ROTATE_LEFT( x, 31 ); x *= C1; h ^= x; h = h*C1 + C4;
      39     1182711 :   y *= C2; y = ROTATE_LEFT( y, 31 ); y *= C1; h ^= y; h = h*C1 + C4;
      40     1182711 :   z *= C2; z = ROTATE_LEFT( z, 31 ); z *= C1; h ^= z; h = h*C1 + C4;
      41             : 
      42     1182711 :   h += 32UL;
      43             : 
      44             :   /* Final avalanche */
      45     1182711 :   h ^= h >> 33;
      46     1182711 :   h *= C2;
      47     1182711 :   h ^= h >> 29;
      48     1182711 :   h *= C3;
      49     1182711 :   h ^= h >> 32;
      50             : 
      51     1182711 : #undef C4
      52     1182711 : #undef C3
      53     1182711 : #undef C2
      54     1182711 : #undef C1
      55     1182711 : #undef ROTATE_LEFT
      56             : 
      57     1182711 :   return h;
      58     1182711 : }
      59             : 
      60             : /* Declare a bunch of helper structs used for pack-internal data
      61             :    structures. */
      62             : typedef struct {
      63             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
      64             : } wrapped_acct_t;
      65             : 
      66             : /* fd_pack_ord_txn_t: An fd_txn_p_t with information required to order
      67             :    it by priority. */
      68             : struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn {
      69             :   /* It's important that there be no padding here (asserted below)
      70             :      because the code casts back and forth from pointers to this element
      71             :      to pointers to the whole struct. */
      72             :   union {
      73             :     fd_txn_p_t   txn[1];  /* txn is an alias for txn_e->txnp */
      74             :     fd_txn_e_t   txn_e[1];
      75             :     fd_txn_e_t   _txn_e;  /* Non-array type needed for map_chain */
      76             :   };
      77             : 
      78             :   /* Since this struct can be in one of several trees, it's helpful to
      79             :      store which tree.  This should be one of the FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_*
      80             :      values. */
      81             :   int root;
      82             : 
      83             :   /* The sig2txn map_chain fields */
      84             :   ushort sigmap_next;
      85             :   ushort sigmap_prev;
      86             : 
      87             :   /* Each transaction is inserted with an expiration "time."  This code
      88             :      doesn't care about the units (blocks, rdtsc tick, ns, etc.), and
      89             :      doesn't require transactions to be inserted in expiration date
      90             :      order. */
      91             :   ulong expires_at;
      92             :   /* expq_idx: When this object is part of one of the treaps, it's
      93             :      also in the expiration priority queue.  This field (which is
      94             :      manipulated behind the scenes by the fd_prq code) stores where so
      95             :      that if we delete this transaction, we can also delete it from the
      96             :      expiration priority queue. */
      97             :   ulong expq_idx;
      98             : 
      99             :   /* The noncemap map_chain fields */
     100             :   ushort noncemap_next;
     101             :   ushort noncemap_prev;
     102             : 
     103             :   /* We want rewards*compute_est to fit in a ulong so that r1/c1 < r2/c2 can be
     104             :      computed as r1*c2 < r2*c1, with the product fitting in a ulong.
     105             :      compute_est has a small natural limit of mid-20 bits. rewards doesn't have
     106             :      a natural limit, so there is some argument to be made for raising the
     107             :      limit for rewards to 40ish bits. The struct has better packing with
     108             :      uint/uint though. */
     109             :   uint                __attribute__((aligned(64))) /* We want the treap fields and the bitsets
     110             :                                                        to be on the same double cache line pair */
     111             :                rewards;     /* in Lamports */
     112             :   uint         compute_est; /* in compute units */
     113             : 
     114             :   /* The treap fields */
     115             :   ushort left;
     116             :   ushort right;
     117             :   ushort parent;
     118             :   ushort prio;
     119             :   ushort prev;
     120             :   ushort next;
     121             : 
     122             :   /* skip: if we skip this transaction more than FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT times
     123             :      for reasons that won't go away until the end of the block, then we
     124             :      want to skip it very quickly.  If skip is in [1, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT],
     125             :      then that means we have to skip it `skip` more times before taking
     126             :      any action.  If skip>FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, then it is a compressed slot
     127             :      number during which it should be skipped, and we'll skip it until
     128             :      the compressed slot reaches a new value.  skip is never 0. */
     129             :   ushort skip;
     130             : 
     131             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset ); /* all accts this txn references */
     132             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset ); /* accts this txn write-locks    */
     133             : 
     134             : };
     135             : typedef struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn fd_pack_ord_txn_t;
     136             : 
     137             : /* We require that the payload starts at byte 0 of fd_pack_ord_txn_t,
     138             :    because we cast back and forth between fd_txn_p_t* and
     139             :    fd_pack_ord_txn_t*.
     140             :    GCC and Clang seem to disagree on the rules of offsetof. */
     141             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn          )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     142             : #if FD_USING_CLANG
     143             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_txn_p_t,             payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     144             : #else
     145             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn->payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     146             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn_e->txnp  )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     147             : #endif
     148             : 
     149             : /* FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT is essentially a small union packed into an int.  The low
     150             :    byte is the "tag".  The higher 3 bytes depend on the low byte. */
     151       28599 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK        0xFF
     152      839472 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE            0
     153       37112 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING         1
     154       29433 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE    2
     155        1065 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE  3
     156       30067 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( idx ) (4 | (idx)<<8)
     157             : 
     158             : /* if root & TAG_MASK == PENALTY, then PENALTY_ACCT_IDX(root) gives the index
     159             :    in the transaction's list of account addresses of which penalty treap the
     160             :    transaction is in. */
     161             : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root ) (((root) & 0xFF00)>>8)
     162             : 
     163      175062 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE    (0x8000000000000000UL)
     164      141055 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED (0x4000000000000000UL)
     165             : 
     166             : /* Each non-empty microblock we schedule also has an overhead of 48
     167             :    bytes that counts towards shed limits.  That comes from the 32 byte
     168             :    hash, the hash count (8 bytes) and the transaction count (8 bytes).
     169             :    We don't have to pay this overhead if the microblock is empty, since
     170             :    those microblocks get dropped. */
     171       29784 : #define MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD 48UL
     172             : 
     173             : /* Keep track of accounts that are written to in each block so that we
     174             :    can reset the writer costs to 0.  If the number of accounts that are
     175             :    written to is above or equal to this, we'll just clear the whole
     176             :    writer cost map instead of only removing the elements we increased. */
     177         879 : #define DEFAULT_WRITTEN_LIST_MAX 16384UL
     178             : 
     179             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t)==sizeof(fd_pubkey_t), "" );
     180             : 
     181             : /* fd_pack_expq_t: An element of an fd_prq to sort the transactions by
     182             :    timeout.  This structure has several invariants for entries
     183             :    corresponding to pending transactions:
     184             :      expires_at == txn->expires_at
     185             :      txn->exp_prq_idx is the index of this structure
     186             :    Notice that prq is an array-based heap, which means the indexes of
     187             :    elements change.  The PRQ_TMP_ST macro is hijacked to keep that
     188             :    invariant up to date.
     189             : 
     190             :    Note: this could be easier if fd_heap supported deleting from the
     191             :    middle, but that's not possible with the current design of fd_heap,
     192             :    which omits a parent pointer for improved performance. */
     193             : struct fd_pack_expq {
     194             :   ulong               expires_at;
     195             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn;
     196             : };
     197             : typedef struct fd_pack_expq fd_pack_expq_t;
     198             : 
     199             : 
     200             : /* fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t: An element of an fd_map_dynamic that
     201             :    maps an account address to the number of transactions that are
     202             :    referencing it and the bit that is reserved to indicate it in the
     203             :    bitset, if any. */
     204             : struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping {
     205             :   fd_acct_addr_t key; /* account address */
     206             :   ulong          ref_cnt;
     207             : 
     208             :   /* first_instance and first_instance_was_write are only valid when
     209             :      bit==FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, which is set when ref_cnt
     210             :      transitions from 0 to 1.  These just exist to implement the
     211             :      optimization that accounts referenced a single time aren't
     212             :      allocated a bit, but this seems to be an important optimization. */
     213             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * first_instance;
     214             :   int                 first_instance_was_write;
     215             : 
     216             :   /* bit is in [0, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX) U
     217             :      { FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH }. */
     218             :   ushort              bit;
     219             : };
     220             : typedef struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t;
     221             : 
     222             : 
     223             : 
     224             : /* pack maintains a small state machine related to initializer bundles.
     225             :    See the header file for more details about it, but it's
     226             :    also summarized here:
     227             :    * NOT_INITIALIZED: The starting state for each block
     228             :    * PENDING: an initializer bundle has been scheduled, but pack has
     229             :      not observed its result yet, so we don't know if it was successful
     230             :      or not.
     231             :    * FAILED: the most recently scheduled initializer bundle failed
     232             :      for reasons other than already being executed.  Most commonly, this
     233             :      could be because of a bug in the code that generated the
     234             :      initializer bundle, a lack of fee payer balance, or an expired
     235             :      blockhash.
     236             :    * READY: the most recently scheduled initialization bundle succeeded
     237             :      and normal bundles can be scheduled in this slot. */
     238          12 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED 0
     239           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING         1
     240           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED          2
     241           3 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           3
     242             : 
     243             : 
     244             : /* Returns 1 if x.rewards/x.compute < y.rewards/y.compute. Not robust. */
     245      126822 : #define COMPARE_WORSE(x,y) ( ((ulong)((x)->rewards)*(ulong)((y)->compute_est)) < ((ulong)((y)->rewards)*(ulong)((x)->compute_est)) )
     246             : 
     247             : /* Declare all the data structures */
     248             : 
     249             : 
     250             : /* Define the big max-"heap" that we pull transactions off to schedule.
     251             :    The priority is given by reward/compute.  We may want to add in some
     252             :    additional terms at a later point.  In order to cheaply remove nodes,
     253             :    we actually use a treap.  */
     254             : #define POOL_NAME       trp_pool
     255         882 : #define POOL_T          fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     256             : #define POOL_IDX_T      ushort
     257      418617 : #define POOL_NEXT       parent
     258             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_pool.c"
     259             : 
     260             : #define TREAP_T         fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     261             : #define TREAP_NAME      treap
     262             : #define TREAP_QUERY_T   void *                                         /* We don't use query ... */
     263             : #define TREAP_CMP(a,b)  (__extension__({ (void)(a); (void)(b); -1; })) /* which means we don't need to give a real
     264             :                                                                           implementation to cmp either */
     265      466806 : #define TREAP_IDX_T     ushort
     266             : #define TREAP_OPTIMIZE_ITERATION 1
     267      126822 : #define TREAP_LT        COMPARE_WORSE
     268             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_treap.c"
     269             : 
     270             : 
     271             : #define MAP_NAME              sig2txn
     272             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     273             : #define MAP_MULTI              1
     274       34419 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     275       57399 : #define MAP_PREV               sigmap_prev
     276       80091 : #define MAP_NEXT               sigmap_next
     277       38955 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     278             : 
     279             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     280       67456 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     281       70670 : #define TXNE_TO_SIG(ptr)       (__extension__({ fd_txn_p_t const * __p = (ptr)->txnp; __p->payload + TXN(__p)->signature_off;  }))
     282        1070 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      (!memcmp( TXNE_TO_SIG(k0), TXNE_TO_SIG(k1), FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ) )
     283       68530 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) fd_hash( (seed), TXNE_TO_SIG(key), 64UL )
     284             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     285             : 
     286             : 
     287             : /* noncemap: A map from (nonce account, nonce authority, recent
     288             :    blockhash) to a durable nonce transaction containing it.  We only
     289             :    want to allow one transaction in the pool at a time with a given
     290             :    (nonce account, recent blockhash) tuple value.  The question is: can
     291             :    adding this limitation cause us to throw out potentially valuable
     292             :    transaction?  The answer is yes, but only very rarely, and the
     293             :    savings are worth it.  Suppose we have durable nonce transactions t1
     294             :    and t2 that advance the same nonce account and have the same value
     295             :    for the recent blockhash.
     296             : 
     297             :    - If t1 lands on chain, then it will advance the nonce account, and
     298             :    t2 will certainly not land on chain.
     299             :    - If t1 fails with AlreadyExecuted, that means the nonce account was
     300             :    advanced when t1 landed in a previous block, so t2 will certainly not
     301             :    land on chain.
     302             :    - If t1 fails with BlockhashNotFound, then the nonce account was
     303             :    advanced in some previous transaction, so again, t2 will certainly
     304             :    not land on chain.
     305             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because of an issue with the fee
     306             :    payer, it's possible that t2 could land on chain if it used a
     307             :    different fee payer, but historical data shows this is unlikely.
     308             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because it is part of a bundle that
     309             :    fails for an unrelated reason, it's possible that t2 could land on
     310             :    chain, but again, historical data says this is rare.
     311             : 
     312             :    We need to include the nonce authority in the hash to prevent one
     313             :    user from being able to DoS another user. */
     314             : 
     315             : typedef struct {
     316             :   uchar const * recent_blockhash;
     317             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_acct;
     318             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_auth;
     319             : } noncemap_extract_t;
     320             : 
     321             : /* k must be a valid, durable nonce transaction.  No error checking is
     322             :    done. */
     323             : static inline void
     324             : noncemap_extract( fd_txn_e_t const   * k,
     325        3395 :                   noncemap_extract_t * out ) {
     326        3395 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(k->txnp);
     327        3395 :   out->recent_blockhash = fd_txn_get_recent_blockhash( txn, k->txnp->payload );
     328             : 
     329        3395 :   ulong nonce_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+0 ];
     330        3395 :   ulong autho_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ];
     331             : 
     332        3395 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
     333        3395 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, k->txnp->payload );
     334        3395 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = k->alt_accts - imm_cnt;
     335        3395 :   out->nonce_acct = fd_ptr_if( nonce_idx<imm_cnt, accts, alt_adj )+nonce_idx;
     336             :   /* The nonce authority must be a signer, so it must be an immediate
     337             :      account. */
     338        3395 :   out->nonce_auth = accts+autho_idx;
     339        3395 : }
     340             : 
     341             : static inline int
     342             : noncemap_key_eq_internal( fd_txn_e_t const * k0,
     343         182 :                           fd_txn_e_t const * k1 ) {
     344         182 :   noncemap_extract_t e0[1], e1[1];
     345         182 :   noncemap_extract( k0, e0 );
     346         182 :   noncemap_extract( k1, e1 );
     347             : 
     348         182 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->recent_blockhash, e1->recent_blockhash, 32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     349          63 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_acct,       e1->nonce_acct,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     350          63 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_auth,       e1->nonce_auth,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     351          63 :   return 1;
     352          63 : }
     353             : 
     354             : static inline ulong
     355             : noncemap_key_hash_internal( ulong              seed,
     356        3031 :                             fd_txn_e_t const * k ) {
     357             :   /* TODO: This takes >100 cycles! */
     358        3031 :   noncemap_extract_t e[1];
     359        3031 :   noncemap_extract( k, e );
     360        3031 :   return fd_hash( seed,              e->recent_blockhash, 32UL ) ^
     361        3031 :          fd_hash( seed+ 864394383UL, e->nonce_acct,       32UL ) ^
     362        3031 :          fd_hash( seed+3818662446UL, e->nonce_auth,       32UL );
     363        3031 : }
     364             : 
     365             : #define MAP_NAME               noncemap
     366             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     367             : #define MAP_MULTI              0
     368         375 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     369         577 : #define MAP_PREV               noncemap_prev
     370        1092 : #define MAP_NEXT               noncemap_next
     371        3945 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     372             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     373         751 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     374         182 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      noncemap_key_eq_internal( (k0), (k1) )
     375        3031 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) noncemap_key_hash_internal( (seed), (key) )
     376             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     377             : 
     378             : 
     379             : static const fd_acct_addr_t null_addr = { 0 };
     380             : 
     381             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_uses
     382      657751 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_addr_use_t
     383      773020 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     384   168410341 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     385             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     386      773020 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     387             : #else
     388             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     389             : #endif
     390      520761 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     391             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     392             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     393      655532 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash_32( s, (key).b ))
     394             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     395             : 
     396             : 
     397             : #define MAP_NAME              bitset_map
     398      455635 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t
     399      534765 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     400    48666842 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     401             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     402    63400173 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     403             : #else
     404             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     405             : #endif
     406      370682 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     407             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     408             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     409      454320 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash_32( s, (key).b ))
     410             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     411             : 
     412             : 
     413             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_blocklist
     414      225954 : #define MAP_T                 wrapped_acct_t
     415             : /* Add 1 to the slot cnt to ensure the map is sparse even at capacity */
     416      235563 : #define MAP_LG_SLOT_CNT       (FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_LG_MAX+1)
     417      225663 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     418        9600 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     419             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     420      452877 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     421             : #else
     422             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     423             : #endif
     424      225600 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     425             : /* It would be nice if this were seeded, but since fd_map doesn't have
     426             :    any auxiliary data, there's not a clear place to store the seed.
     427             :    It's okay though, because the insert process is trusted, since it
     428             :    comes from operator config. */
     429      225654 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key)     ((uint)fd_ulong_hash( fd_ulong_load_8( (key).b ) ))
     430             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     431             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     432             : #define MAX_QUERY_OPT         2 /* rare hits */
     433             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map.c"
     434             : 
     435             : /* Since transactions can also expire, we also maintain a parallel
     436             :    priority queue.  This means elements are simultaneously part of the
     437             :    treap (ordered by priority) and the expiration queue (ordered by
     438             :    expiration).  It's tempting to use the priority field of the treap
     439             :    for this purpose, but that can result in degenerate treaps in some
     440             :    cases. */
     441             : #define PRQ_NAME             expq
     442      112815 : #define PRQ_T                fd_pack_expq_t
     443       69300 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT_T        ulong
     444       69300 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT          expires_at
     445       54210 : #define PRQ_TMP_ST(p,t)      do {                                   \
     446       54210 :                                (p)[0] = (t);                        \
     447       54210 :                                t.txn->expq_idx = (ulong)((p)-heap); \
     448       54210 :                              } while( 0 )
     449             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_prq.c"
     450             : 
     451             : /* With realistic traffic patterns, we often see many, many transactions
     452             :    competing for the same writable account.  Since only one of these can
     453             :    execute at a time, we sometimes waste lots of scheduling time going
     454             :    through them one at a time.  To combat that, when a transaction
     455             :    writes to an account with more than PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD
     456             :    references (readers or writers), instead of inserting it into the
     457             :    main treap, we insert it into a penalty treap for that specific hot
     458             :    account address.  These transactions are not immediately available
     459             :    for scheduling.  Then, when a transaction that writes to the hot
     460             :    address completes, we move the most lucrative transaction from the
     461             :    penalty treap to the main treap, making it available for scheduling.
     462             :    This policy may slightly violate the price-time priority scheduling
     463             :    approach pack normally uses: if the most lucrative transaction
     464             :    competing for hot state arrives after PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD has
     465             :    been hit, it may be scheduled second instead of first.  However, if
     466             :    the account is in use at the time the new transaction arrives, it
     467             :    will be scheduled next, as desired.  This minor difference seems
     468             :    reasonable to reduce complexity.
     469             : 
     470             :    fd_pack_penalty_treap is one account-specific penalty treap.  All the
     471             :    transactions in the penalty_treap treap write to key.
     472             : 
     473             :    penalty_map is the fd_map_dynamic that maps accounts to their
     474             :    respective penalty treaps. */
     475             : struct fd_pack_penalty_treap {
     476             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
     477             :   treap_t penalty_treap[1];
     478             : };
     479             : typedef struct fd_pack_penalty_treap fd_pack_penalty_treap_t;
     480             : 
     481             : #define MAP_NAME              penalty_map
     482       73450 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_penalty_treap_t
     483       72881 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     484      759189 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     485             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     486     1055153 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     487             : #else
     488             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     489             : #endif
     490       72839 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     491             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     492             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     493       72859 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash_32( s, (key).b ))
     494             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     495             : 
     496             : /* PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD: How many references to an account do we
     497             :    allow before subsequent transactions that write to the account go to
     498             :    the penalty treap. */
     499      172347 : #define PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD 64UL
     500             : 
     501             : 
     502             : /* FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT: How many times we'll skip a transaction (for
     503             :    reasons other than account conflicts) before we won't consider it
     504             :    until the next slot.  For performance reasons, this doesn't reset at
     505             :    the end of a slot, so e.g. we might skip twice in slot 1, then three
     506             :    times in slot 2, which would be enough to prevent considering it
     507             :    until slot 3.  The main reason this is not 1 is that some skips that
     508             :    seem permanent until the end of the slot can actually go away based
     509             :    on rebates. */
     510       37485 : #define FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT 50UL
     511             : 
     512             : /* Finally, we can now declare the main pack data structure */
     513             : struct fd_pack_private {
     514             :   ulong      pack_depth;
     515             :   ulong      bundle_meta_sz; /* if 0, bundles are disabled */
     516             :   ulong      bank_tile_cnt;
     517             : 
     518             :   fd_pack_limits_t lim[1];
     519             : 
     520             :   ulong      pending_txn_cnt; /* Summed across all treaps */
     521             :   ulong      microblock_cnt; /* How many microblocks have we
     522             :                                 generated in this block? */
     523             :   ulong      data_bytes_consumed; /* How much data is in this block so
     524             :                                      far ? */
     525             :   /* There's a limit on the total amount that transactions in a block
     526             :      can allocate.  How much of that limit have we consumed? */
     527             :   ulong      alloc_consumed;
     528             : 
     529             :   /* counters / gauge for schedule outcome enums */
     530             :   ulong      sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_CNT ];
     531             : 
     532             :   fd_rng_t * rng;
     533             : 
     534             :   ulong      cumulative_block_cost;
     535             :   ulong      cumulative_vote_cost;
     536             : 
     537             :   /* expire_before: Any transactions with expires_at strictly less than
     538             :      the current expire_before are removed from the available pending
     539             :      transaction.  Here, "expire" is used as a verb: cause all
     540             :      transactions before this time to expire. */
     541             :   ulong      expire_before;
     542             : 
     543             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask: a bitmask indicating which banking
     544             :      tiles have outstanding microblocks, i.e. fd_pack has generated a
     545             :      microblock for that banking tile and the banking tile has not yet
     546             :      notified fd_pack that it has completed it. */
     547             :   ulong      outstanding_microblock_mask;
     548             : 
     549             :   /* The actual footprint for the pool and maps is allocated
     550             :      in the same order in which they are declared immediately following
     551             :      the struct.  I.e. these pointers point to memory not far after the
     552             :      struct.  The trees are just pointers into the pool so don't take up
     553             :      more space. */
     554             : 
     555             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool;
     556             : 
     557             :   /* Treaps (sorted by priority) of pending transactions.  We store the
     558             :      pending simple votes and transactions that come from bundles
     559             :      separately. */
     560             :   treap_t pending[1];
     561             :   treap_t pending_votes[1];
     562             :   treap_t pending_bundles[1];
     563             : 
     564             :   /* penalty_treaps: an fd_map_dynamic mapping hotly contended account
     565             :      addresses to treaps of transactions that write to them.  We try not
     566             :      to allow more than roughly PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD transactions in
     567             :      the main treap that write to each account, though this is not
     568             :      exact. */
     569             :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treaps;
     570             : 
     571             :   /* initializer_bundle_state: The current state of the initialization
     572             :      bundle state machine.  One of the FD_PACK_IB_STATE_* values.  See
     573             :      the long comment in the header and the comments attached to the
     574             :      respective values for a discussion of what each state means and the
     575             :      transitions between them. */
     576             :   int   initializer_bundle_state;
     577             : 
     578             :   /* relative_bundle_idx: the number of bundles that have been inserted
     579             :      since the last time pending_bundles was empty.  See the long
     580             :      comment about encoding this index in the rewards field of each
     581             :      transaction in the bundle, and why it is important that this reset
     582             :      to 0 as frequently as possible. */
     583             :   ulong relative_bundle_idx;
     584             : 
     585             :   /* pending{_votes}_smallest: keep a conservative estimate of the
     586             :      smallest transaction (by cost units and by bytes) in each heap.
     587             :      Both CUs and bytes should be set to ULONG_MAX is the treap is
     588             :      empty. */
     589             :   fd_pack_smallest_t pending_smallest[1];
     590             :   fd_pack_smallest_t pending_votes_smallest[1];
     591             : 
     592             :   /* expiration_q: At the same time that a transaction is in exactly one
     593             :      of the above treaps, it is also in the expiration queue, sorted by
     594             :      its expiration time.  This enables deleting all transactions that
     595             :      have expired, regardless of which treap they are in. */
     596             :   fd_pack_expq_t * expiration_q;
     597             : 
     598             :   /* acct_in_use: Map from account address to bitmask indicating which
     599             :      bank tiles are using the account and whether that use is read or
     600             :      write (msb). */
     601             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   * acct_in_use;
     602             : 
     603             :   /* bitset_{w, rw}_in_use stores a subset of the information in
     604             :      acct_in_use using the compressed set format explained at the top of
     605             :      this file.  rw_in_use stores accounts in use for read or write
     606             :      while w_in_use stores only those in use for write. */
     607             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
     608             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
     609             : 
     610             :   /* writer_costs: Map from account addresses to the sum of costs of
     611             :      transactions that write to the account.  Used for enforcing limits
     612             :      on the max write cost per account per block. */
     613             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   * writer_costs;
     614             : 
     615             :   /* top_writers: A simple max heap of the top 5 writers in the slot,
     616             :      used by downstream consumers for monitoring purposes. */
     617             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[ FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT ];
     618             : 
     619             :   /* At the end of every slot, we have to clear out writer_costs.  The
     620             :      map is large, but typically very sparsely populated.  As an
     621             :      optimization, we keep track of the elements of the map that we've
     622             :      actually used, up to a maximum.  If we use more than the maximum,
     623             :      we revert to the old way of just clearing the whole map.
     624             : 
     625             :      written_list indexed [0, written_list_cnt).
     626             :      written_list_cnt in  [0, written_list_max).
     627             : 
     628             :      written_list_cnt==written_list_max-1 means that the list may be
     629             :      incomplete and should be ignored. */
     630             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * * written_list;
     631             :   ulong                  written_list_cnt;
     632             :   ulong                  written_list_max;
     633             : 
     634             :   /* At initialization time, the caller can configure a blocklist of
     635             :      accounts.  Any transaction that includes one of these accounts will
     636             :      be rejected.  This is an fd_map, and it's effectively const. */
     637             :   wrapped_acct_t        acct_blocklist[ 2*FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ];
     638             : 
     639             :   /* Noncemap is a map_chain that maps from tuples (nonce account,
     640             :      recent blockhash value, nonce authority) to a transaction.  This
     641             :      map stores exactly the transactions in pool that have the nonce
     642             :      flag set. */
     643             :   noncemap_t * noncemap;
     644             : 
     645             :   sig2txn_t * signature_map; /* Stores pointers into pool for deleting by signature */
     646             : 
     647             :   /* bundle_temp_map: A fd_map_dynamic (although it could be an fd_map)
     648             :      used during fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle to store information about
     649             :      what accounts are used by transactions in the bundle.  It's empty
     650             :      (in a map sense) outside of calls to try_schedule_bundle, and each
     651             :      call to try_schedule_bundle clears it after use.  If bundles are
     652             :      disabled, this is a valid fd_map_dynamic, but it's as small as
     653             :      convenient and remains empty. */
     654             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_map;
     655             : 
     656             : 
     657             :   /* use_by_bank: An array of size (max_txn_per_microblock *
     658             :      FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX) for each banking tile.  Only the MSB of
     659             :      in_use_by is relevant.  Addressed use_by_bank[i][j] where i is in
     660             :      [0, bank_tile_cnt) and j is in [0, use_by_bank_cnt[i]).  Used
     661             :      mostly for clearing the proper bits of acct_in_use when a
     662             :      microblock finishes.
     663             : 
     664             :      use_by_bank_txn: indexed [i][j], where i is in [0, bank_tile_cnt)
     665             :      and j is in [0, max_txn_per_microblock).  Transaction j in the
     666             :      microblock currently scheduled to bank i uses account addresses in
     667             :      use_by_bank[i][k] where k is in [0, use_by_bank[i][j]).  For
     668             :      example, if use_by_bank[i][0] = 2 and use_by_bank[i][1] = 3, then
     669             :      all the accounts that the first transaction in the outstanding
     670             :      microblock for bank 0 uses are contained in the set
     671             :                { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1] },
     672             :      and all the accounts in the second transaction in the microblock
     673             :      are in the set
     674             :         { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1], use_by_bank[i][2] }.
     675             :      Each transaction writes to at least one account (the fee payer)
     676             :      that no other transaction scheduled to the bank uses, which means
     677             :      that use_by_bank_txn[i][j] - use_by_bank_txn[i][j-1] >= 1 (with 0
     678             :      for use_by_bank_txn[i][-1]).  This means we can stop iterating when
     679             :      use_by_bank_txn[i][j] == use_by_bank_cnt[i].  */
     680             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank    [ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     681             :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     682             :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     683             : 
     684             :   fd_histf_t txn_per_microblock [ 1 ];
     685             :   fd_histf_t vote_per_microblock[ 1 ];
     686             : 
     687             :   fd_histf_t scheduled_cus_per_block[ 1 ];
     688             :   fd_histf_t rebated_cus_per_block  [ 1 ];
     689             :   fd_histf_t net_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     690             :   fd_histf_t pct_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     691             :   ulong      cumulative_rebated_cus;
     692             : 
     693             : 
     694             :   /* compressed_slot_number: a number in (FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, USHORT_MAX]
     695             :      that advances each time we start packing for a new slot. */
     696             :   ushort     compressed_slot_number;
     697             : 
     698             :   /* bitset_avail: a stack of which bits are not currently reserved and
     699             :      can be used to represent an account address.
     700             :      Indexed [0, bitset_avail_cnt].  Element 0 is fixed at
     701             :      FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH. */
     702             :   ushort bitset_avail[ 1UL+FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ];
     703             :   ulong  bitset_avail_cnt;
     704             : 
     705             :   /* acct_to_bitset: an fd_map_dynamic that maps acct addresses to the
     706             :      reference count, which bit, etc. */
     707             :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * acct_to_bitset;
     708             : 
     709             :   /* chdkup: scratch memory chkdup needs for its internal processing */
     710             :   fd_chkdup_t chkdup[ 1 ];
     711             : 
     712             :   /* bundle_meta: an array, parallel to the pool, with each element
     713             :      having size bundle_meta_sz.  I.e. if pool[i] has an associated
     714             :      bundle meta, it's located at bundle_meta[j] for j in
     715             :      [i*bundle_meta_sz, (i+1)*bundle_meta_sz). */
     716             :   void * bundle_meta;
     717             : };
     718             : 
     719             : typedef struct fd_pack_private fd_pack_t;
     720             : 
     721             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof(fd_pack_t, pending_txn_cnt)==FD_PACK_PENDING_TXN_CNT_OFF, txn_cnt_off );
     722             : 
     723             : /* Forward-declare some helper functions */
     724             : static ulong delete_transaction( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn, int delete_full_bundle, int move_from_penalty_treap );
     725             : static inline void insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t * pack, ulong bundle_idx, ulong txn_cnt, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle, ulong expires_at );
     726             : 
     727             : FD_FN_PURE ulong
     728             : fd_pack_footprint( ulong                    pack_depth,
     729             :                    ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     730             :                    ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     731         285 :                    fd_pack_limits_t const * limits         ) {
     732         285 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (bank_tile_cnt==0) | (bank_tile_cnt>FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES) ) ) return 0UL;
     733         285 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack_depth<4UL ) ) return 0UL;
     734             : 
     735         285 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     736         285 :   ulong l;
     737         285 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL ); /* space for use between init and fini */
     738         285 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     739         285 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     740         285 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     741         285 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     742         285 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     743             : 
     744         285 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     745         285 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     746         285 :   ulong written_list_max   = fd_ulong_min( max_w_per_block>>1, DEFAULT_WRITTEN_LIST_MAX );
     747         285 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     748         285 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     749         285 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     750             : 
     751             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     752         285 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     753         285 :   int lg_max_writers = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_w_per_block                           ) );
     754         285 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     755         285 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     756         285 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     757             : 
     758         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_INIT;
     759         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                               );
     760         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align (),   trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth   ) ); /* pool           */
     761         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp         ) ); /* penalty_treaps */
     762         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, expq_align     (),   expq_footprint     ( pack_depth               ) ); /* expiration prq */
     763         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz           ) ); /* acct_in_use    */
     764         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_max_writers           ) ); /* writer_costs   */
     765         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t*)*written_list_max    ); /* written_list   */
     766         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, noncemap_align (),   noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt          ) ); /* noncemap       */
     767         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align  (),   sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt            ) ); /* signature_map  */
     768         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp           ) ); /* bundle_temp_map*/
     769         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight   ); /* use_by_bank    */
     770         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                 ); /* use_by_bank_txn*/
     771         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp          ) ); /* acct_to_bitset */
     772         285 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz         ); /* bundle_meta */
     773         285 :   return FD_LAYOUT_FINI( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN );
     774         285 : }
     775             : 
     776             : void *
     777             : fd_pack_new( void                   * mem,
     778             :              ulong                    pack_depth,
     779             :              ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     780             :              ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     781             :              fd_pack_limits_t const * limits,
     782             :              fd_acct_addr_t const *   acct_blocklist,
     783             :              ulong                    acct_blocklist_cnt,
     784         300 :              fd_rng_t               * rng           ) {
     785             : 
     786         300 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     787         300 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     788         300 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     789         300 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     790         300 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     791         300 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     792         300 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     793             : 
     794         300 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     795         300 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     796         300 :   ulong written_list_max   = fd_ulong_min( max_w_per_block>>1, DEFAULT_WRITTEN_LIST_MAX );
     797         300 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     798         300 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     799         300 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     800             : 
     801             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     802         300 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     803         300 :   int lg_max_writers = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_w_per_block                           ) );
     804         300 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     805         300 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     806         300 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     807             : 
     808         300 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     809         300 :   fd_pack_t * pack    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                             );
     810             :   /* The pool has one extra element that is used between insert_init and
     811             :      cancel/fini. */
     812         300 :   void * _pool        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  trp_pool_align(),    trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth ) );
     813         300 :   void * _penalty_map = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp       ) );
     814         300 :   void * _expq        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  expq_align(),        expq_footprint     ( pack_depth             ) );
     815         300 :   void * _uses        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz         ) );
     816         300 :   void * _writer_cost = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_max_writers         ) );
     817         300 :   void * _written_lst = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t*)*written_list_max  );
     818         300 :   void * _noncemap    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  noncemap_align(),    noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt        ) );
     819         300 :   void * _sig_map     = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  sig2txn_align(),     sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt          ) );
     820         300 :   void * _bundle_temp = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp         ) );
     821         300 :   void * _use_by_bank = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight );
     822         300 :   void * _use_by_txn  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight               );
     823         300 :   void * _acct_bitset = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp        ) );
     824         300 :   void * bundle_meta  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz       );
     825             : 
     826         300 :   pack->pack_depth                  = pack_depth;
     827         300 :   pack->bundle_meta_sz              = bundle_meta_sz;
     828         300 :   pack->bank_tile_cnt               = bank_tile_cnt;
     829         300 :   pack->lim[0]                      = *limits;
     830         300 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt             = 0UL;
     831         300 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
     832         300 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
     833         300 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
     834         300 :   memset( pack->sched_results, 0, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
     835         300 :   pack->rng                         = rng;
     836         300 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
     837         300 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost        = 0UL;
     838         300 :   pack->expire_before               = 0UL;
     839         300 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
     840         300 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
     841             : 
     842         300 :   acct_blocklist_new( pack->acct_blocklist );
     843         300 :   int ins_failed = acct_blocklist_cnt>FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX;
     844         366 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (!ins_failed) & (i<acct_blocklist_cnt); i++ ) {
     845          66 :     ins_failed |= acct_blocklist_key_inval( acct_blocklist[i] ) ||
     846          66 :                   (NULL==acct_blocklist_insert( pack->acct_blocklist, acct_blocklist[i] ));
     847          66 :   }
     848         300 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ins_failed ) ) {
     849           6 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "constructing the account blocklist failed.  Ensure the list contains no more than %lu "
     850           6 :                      "entries, and does not contain duplicates or the System Program (11...111)", FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ));
     851           6 :     return NULL;
     852           6 :   }
     853             : 
     854         294 :   trp_pool_new(  _pool,        pack_depth+extra_depth );
     855             : 
     856         294 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool = trp_pool_join( _pool );
     857         294 :   treap_seed( pool, pack_depth+extra_depth, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     858      346152 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack_depth+extra_depth; i++ ) pool[i].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
     859             : 
     860         294 :   (void)trp_pool_leave( pool );
     861             : 
     862         294 :   penalty_map_new( _penalty_map, lg_penalty_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     863             : 
     864             :   /* These treaps can have at most pack_depth elements at any moment,
     865             :      but they come from a pool of size pack_depth+extra_depth. */
     866         294 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending,         pack_depth+extra_depth );
     867         294 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending_votes,   pack_depth+extra_depth );
     868         294 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending_bundles, pack_depth+extra_depth );
     869             : 
     870         294 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
     871         294 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
     872         294 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->cus   = ULONG_MAX;
     873         294 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->bytes = ULONG_MAX;
     874             : 
     875         294 :   expq_new( _expq, pack_depth );
     876             : 
     877         294 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
     878         294 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
     879             : 
     880         294 :   acct_uses_new( _uses,        lg_uses_tbl_sz, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     881         294 :   acct_uses_new( _writer_cost, lg_max_writers, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     882         294 :   acct_uses_new( _bundle_temp, lg_bundle_temp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     883             : 
     884         294 :   pack->written_list     = _written_lst;
     885         294 :   pack->written_list_cnt = 0UL;
     886         294 :   pack->written_list_max = written_list_max;
     887             : 
     888         294 :   noncemap_new( _noncemap, nonce_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     889             : 
     890         294 :   sig2txn_new( _sig_map, sig_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     891             : 
     892         294 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = (fd_pack_addr_use_t *)_use_by_bank;
     893         294 :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn = (ulong *)_use_by_txn;
     894        6285 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) {
     895        5991 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = use_by_bank + i*(FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX*max_txn_per_mblk+1UL);
     896        5991 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     897        5991 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = use_by_bank_txn + i*max_txn_per_mblk;
     898        5991 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i][0] = 0UL;
     899        5991 :   }
     900       12531 :   for( ulong i=bank_tile_cnt; i<FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES; i++ ) {
     901       12237 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = NULL;
     902       12237 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     903       12237 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = NULL;
     904       12237 :   }
     905             : 
     906         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->txn_per_microblock,  FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ),
     907         294 :                                            FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ) );
     908         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->vote_per_microblock, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK ),
     909         294 :                                            FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK ) );
     910             : 
     911         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ),
     912         294 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ) );
     913         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK   ),
     914         294 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK   ) );
     915         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->net_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK       ),
     916         294 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK       ) );
     917         294 :   fd_histf_new( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_PCT       ),
     918         294 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_PCT       ) );
     919             : 
     920         294 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
     921             : 
     922         294 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
     923      100646 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
     924         294 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
     925             : 
     926         294 :   bitset_map_new( _acct_bitset, lg_acct_in_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     927             : 
     928         294 :   fd_chkdup_new( pack->chkdup, rng );
     929             : 
     930         294 :   pack->bundle_meta = bundle_meta;
     931             : 
     932         294 :   return mem;
     933         300 : }
     934             : 
     935             : fd_pack_t *
     936         294 : fd_pack_join( void * mem ) {
     937         294 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     938         294 :   fd_pack_t * pack  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN, sizeof(fd_pack_t) );
     939             : 
     940         294 :   int enable_bundles = !!pack->bundle_meta_sz;
     941         294 :   ulong pack_depth             = pack->pack_depth;
     942         294 :   ulong extra_depth            = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     943         294 :   ulong bank_tile_cnt          = pack->bank_tile_cnt;
     944         294 :   ulong max_txn_per_microblock = fd_ulong_max( pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock,
     945         294 :                                                fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     946             : 
     947         294 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     948         294 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_microblock + 1UL);
     949         294 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_microblock;
     950         294 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( pack->lim->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     951         294 :                                            max_txn_per_microblock * pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     952         294 :   ulong written_list_max   = fd_ulong_min( max_w_per_block>>1, DEFAULT_WRITTEN_LIST_MAX );
     953         294 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     954         294 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     955         294 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     956             : 
     957         294 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     958         294 :   int lg_max_writers = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_w_per_block                           ) );
     959         294 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     960         294 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     961         294 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     962             : 
     963             : 
     964         294 :   pack->pool          = trp_pool_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align(),   trp_pool_footprint   ( pack_depth+extra_depth  ) ) );
     965         294 :   pack->penalty_treaps= penalty_map_join(FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(),penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp          ) ) );
     966         294 :   pack->expiration_q  = expq_join    (   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, expq_align(),       expq_footprint       ( pack_depth              ) ) );
     967         294 :   pack->acct_in_use   = acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_uses_tbl_sz          ) ) );
     968         294 :   pack->writer_costs  = acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_max_writers          ) ) );
     969         294 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t*)*written_list_max       );
     970         294 :   pack->noncemap      = noncemap_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, noncemap_align(),   noncemap_footprint   ( nonce_chain_cnt         ) ) );
     971         294 :   pack->signature_map = sig2txn_join(    FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align(),    sig2txn_footprint    ( sig_chain_cnt           ) ) );
     972         294 :   pack->bundle_temp_map=acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_bundle_temp          ) ) );
     973         294 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight      );
     974         294 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                    );
     975         294 :   pack->acct_to_bitset= bitset_map_join( FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(), bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp           ) ) );
     976         294 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 64UL,               (pack_depth+extra_depth)*pack->bundle_meta_sz      );
     977             : 
     978         294 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_CAPACITY, pack->pack_depth );
     979         294 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
     980             : 
     981         294 :   return pack;
     982         294 : }
     983             : 
     984             : 
     985             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success for a vote, 2 on success for a
     986             :    non-vote. */
     987             : static int
     988             : fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( fd_txn_e_t             * txne,
     989             :                                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t      * out,
     990       37314 :                                       fd_pack_limits_t const * lim ) {
     991       37314 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
     992       37314 :   ulong sig_rewards = FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * txn->signature_cnt; /* Easily in [5000, 635000] */
     993             : 
     994       37314 :   ulong requested_execution_cus;
     995       37314 :   ulong priority_rewards;
     996       37314 :   ulong precompile_sigs;
     997       37314 :   ulong requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost;
     998       37314 :   ulong allocated_data;
     999       37314 :   ulong cost_estimate = fd_pack_compute_cost( txn, txne->txnp->payload, &txne->txnp->flags, &requested_execution_cus, &priority_rewards, &precompile_sigs, &requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost, &allocated_data );
    1000             : 
    1001       37314 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !cost_estimate ) ) return 0;
    1002             : 
    1003             :   /* precompile_sigs <= 16320, so after the addition,
    1004             :      sig_rewards < 83,000,000 */
    1005       37311 :   sig_rewards += FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * precompile_sigs;
    1006       37311 :   sig_rewards = sig_rewards * FD_PACK_TXN_FEE_BURN_PCT / 100UL;
    1007             : 
    1008             :   /* No fancy CU estimation in this version of pack
    1009             :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<(ulong)txn->instr_cnt; i++ ) {
    1010             :     uchar prog_id_idx = txn->instr[ i ].program_id;
    1011             :     fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txnp->payload ) + (ulong)prog_id_idx;
    1012             :   }
    1013             :   */
    1014       37311 :   out->rewards                              = (priority_rewards < (UINT_MAX - sig_rewards)) ? (uint)(sig_rewards + priority_rewards) : UINT_MAX;
    1015       37311 :   out->compute_est                          = (uint)cost_estimate;
    1016       37311 :   out->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = (uint)(requested_execution_cus + requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1017       37311 :   out->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = (uint)(cost_estimate - requested_execution_cus - requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1018       37311 :   out->txn->pack_alloc                      = (uint)allocated_data;
    1019             : 
    1020             :   /* If a transaction allocates a lot, we want to treat it as if it
    1021             :      requests more CUs.  However, we use compute_est in the block
    1022             :      limit calculations, so we can't touch it.  To have the same
    1023             :      effect, we decrease rewards.
    1024             :      divisor is 1 unless
    1025             :             allocated_data                       cost_estimate
    1026             :       ----------------------------    >=       ------------------
    1027             :       max_allocated_data_per_block             max_cost_per_block
    1028             : 
    1029             :      0       <=allocated_data      <=20 * 1024^2
    1030             :      30*10^6 <= max_cost_per_block < 2^32
    1031             :      1020    <= cost_estimate      < 1.6 * 10^6
    1032             :      50*10^6 <= max_allocated_data_per_block <= 100 * 1000^2
    1033             :                 (changes with the slot time duration)
    1034             :      So the numerator (<2^57) and denominator (<2^48) can't overflow.
    1035             :      Both cost_estimate and max_allocated_data_per_block non-zero,
    1036             :      so the denominator is never zero.
    1037             :      1 <= divisor <= 1 + (max_cost_per_block * .000206)
    1038             :      */
    1039       37311 :   ulong divisor = 1UL + (allocated_data * lim->max_cost_per_block) / (cost_estimate * lim->max_allocated_data_per_block);
    1040       37311 :   out->rewards /= (uint)divisor;
    1041             : 
    1042       37311 :   return fd_int_if( txne->txnp->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_IS_SIMPLE_VOTE, 1, 2 );
    1043       37314 : }
    1044             : 
    1045             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 if not a durable nonce transaction, and 2 if
    1046             :    it is.  FIXME: These return codes are set to harmonize with
    1047             :    estimate_rewards_and_compute but -1/0/1 makes a lot more sense to me.
    1048             :    */
    1049             : static int
    1050       37308 : fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( fd_txn_e_t * txne ) {
    1051       37308 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1052             : 
    1053             :   /* First instruction invokes system program with 4 bytes of
    1054             :      instruction data with the little-endian value 4.  It also has 3
    1055             :      accounts: the nonce account, recent blockhashes sysvar, and the
    1056             :      nonce authority.  It seems like technically the nonce authority may
    1057             :      not need to be passed in, but we disallow that.  We also allow
    1058             :      trailing data and trailing accounts.  We want to organize the
    1059             :      checks somewhat to minimize cache misses. */
    1060       37308 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr_cnt==0            ) ) return 1;
    1061       37308 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].data_sz<4UL  ) ) return 1;
    1062       37308 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_cnt<3UL ) ) return 1; /* It seems like technically 2 is allowed, but never used */
    1063        8034 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( fd_uint_load_4( txne->txnp->payload + txn->instr[ 0 ].data_off )!=4U ) ) return 1;
    1064             :   /* The program has to be a static account */
    1065        1155 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txne->txnp->payload );
    1066        1155 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_memeq( accts[ txn->instr[ 0 ].program_id ].b, null_addr.b, 32UL       ) ) ) return 1;
    1067        1155 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_txn_is_signer( txn, txne->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ] ) ) ) return 0;
    1068             :   /* We could check recent blockhash, but it's not necessary */
    1069        1152 :   return 2;
    1070        1155 : }
    1071             : 
    1072             : /* Can the fee payer afford to pay a transaction with the specified
    1073             :    price?  Returns 1 if so, 0 otherwise.  This is just a stub that
    1074             :    always returns 1 for now, and the real check is deferred to the bank
    1075             :    tile.  In general, this function can't be totally accurate, because
    1076             :    the transactions immediately prior to this one can affect the balance
    1077             :    of this fee payer, but a simple check here may be helpful for
    1078             :    reducing spam. */
    1079             : static int
    1080             : fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr,
    1081       37302 :                               ulong                  price /* in lamports */) {
    1082       37302 :   (void)acct_addr;
    1083       37302 :   (void)price;
    1084       37302 :   return 1;
    1085       37302 : }
    1086             : 
    1087             : 
    1088             : 
    1089             : 
    1090             : 
    1091       35730 : fd_txn_e_t * fd_pack_insert_txn_init(   fd_pack_t * pack                   ) { return trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool )->txn_e; }
    1092           0 : void         fd_pack_insert_txn_cancel( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_txn_e_t * txn ) { trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)txn ); }
    1093             : 
    1094          24 : #define REJECT( reason ) do {                                       \
    1095          24 :                            trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord ); \
    1096          24 :                            return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ ## reason; \
    1097          24 :                          } while( 0 )
    1098             : 
    1099             : /* These require txn, accts, and alt_adj to be defined as per usual */
    1100       30067 : #define ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( idx ) (__extension__( {                                               \
    1101       30067 :       ulong __idx = (ulong)(idx);                                                              \
    1102       30067 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1103       30067 :       }))
    1104     1367178 : #define ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) (__extension__( {                                             \
    1105     1367178 :       ulong __idx = fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );                                              \
    1106     1367178 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1107     1367178 :       }))
    1108             : 
    1109             : 
    1110             : /* Tries to find the worst transaction in any treap in pack.  If that
    1111             :    transaction's score is worse than or equal to threshold_score, it
    1112             :    initiates a delete and returns the number of deleted transactions
    1113             :    (potentially more than 1 for a bundle).  If it's higher than
    1114             :    threshold_score, it returns 0.  To force this function to delete the
    1115             :    worst transaction if there are any eligible ones, pass FLT_MAX as
    1116             :    threshold_score. */
    1117             : static inline ulong
    1118             : delete_worst( fd_pack_t * pack,
    1119             :               float       threshold_score,
    1120        3081 :               int         is_vote ) {
    1121             :   /* If the tree is full, we want to see if this is better than the
    1122             :      worst element in the pool before inserting.  If the new transaction
    1123             :      is better than that one, we'll delete it and insert the new
    1124             :      transaction. Otherwise, we'll throw away this transaction.
    1125             : 
    1126             :      We want to bias the definition of "worst" here to provide better
    1127             :      quality of service.  For example, if the pool is filled with
    1128             :      transactions that all write to the same account or are all votes,
    1129             :      we want to bias towards treating one of those transactions as the
    1130             :      worst, even if they pay slightly higher fees per computer unit,
    1131             :      since we know we won't actually be able to schedule them all.
    1132             : 
    1133             :      This is a tricky task, however.  All our notions of priority and
    1134             :      better/worse are based on static information about the transaction,
    1135             :      and there's not an easy way to take into account global
    1136             :      information, for example, how many other transactions contend with
    1137             :      this one.  One idea is to build a heap (not a treap, since we only
    1138             :      need pop-min, insert, and delete) with one element for each element
    1139             :      in the pool, with a "delete me" score that's related but not
    1140             :      identical to the normal score.  This would allow building in some
    1141             :      global information.  The downside is that the global information
    1142             :      that gets integrated is static.  E.g. if you bias a transaction's
    1143             :      "delete me" score to make it more likely to be deleted because
    1144             :      there are many conflicting transactions in the pool, the score
    1145             :      stays biased, even if the global conditions change (unless you come
    1146             :      up with some complicated re-scoring scheme).  This can work, since
    1147             :      when the pool is full, the global bias factors are unlikely to
    1148             :      change significantly at the relevant timescales.
    1149             : 
    1150             :      However, rather than this, we implement a simpler probabilistic
    1151             :      scheme.  We'll sample M transactions, find the worst transaction in
    1152             :      each of the M treaps, compute a "delete me" score for those <= M
    1153             :      transactions, and delete the worst.  If one penalty treap is
    1154             :      starting to get big, then it becomes very likely that the random
    1155             :      sample will find it and choose to delete a transaction from it.
    1156             : 
    1157             :      The exact formula for the "delete me" score should be the matter of
    1158             :      some more intense quantitative research.  For now, we'll just use
    1159             :      this:
    1160             : 
    1161             :      Treap with N transactions        Scale Factor
    1162             :      Pending                      1.0 unless inserting a vote and votes < 25%
    1163             :      Pending votes                1.0 until 75% of depth, then 0
    1164             :      Penalty treap                1.0 at <= 100 transactions, then sqrt(100/N)
    1165             :      Pending bundles              inf (since the rewards value is fudged)
    1166             : 
    1167             :      We'll also use M=8. */
    1168             : 
    1169        3081 :   float worst_score = FLT_MAX;
    1170        3081 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * worst = NULL;
    1171       27729 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<8UL; i++ ) {
    1172       24648 :     uint  pool_max = (uint)trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    1173       24648 :     ulong sample_i = fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, pool_max );
    1174             : 
    1175       24648 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * sample = &pack->pool[ sample_i ];
    1176             :     /* Presumably if we're calling this, the pool is almost entirely
    1177             :        full, so the probability of choosing a free one is small.  If
    1178             :        it does happen, find the first one that isn't free. */
    1179       26089 :     while( FD_UNLIKELY( sample->root==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) sample = &pack->pool[ (++sample_i)%pool_max ];
    1180             : 
    1181       24648 :     int       root_idx   = sample->root;
    1182       24648 :     float     multiplier = 0.0f; /* The smaller this is, the more biased we'll be to deleting it */
    1183       24648 :     treap_t * treap;
    1184       24648 :     switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    1185           0 :       default:
    1186           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE: {
    1187           0 :         FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    1188           0 :         return ULONG_MAX; /* Can't be hit */
    1189           0 :       }
    1190        3392 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING: {
    1191        3392 :         treap = pack->pending;
    1192        3392 :         ulong vote_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes );
    1193        3392 :         if( FD_LIKELY( !is_vote || (vote_cnt>=pack->pack_depth/4UL ) ) ) multiplier = 1.0f;
    1194        3392 :         break;
    1195           0 :       }
    1196           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE: {
    1197           0 :         treap = pack->pending_votes;
    1198           0 :         ulong vote_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes );
    1199           0 :         if( FD_LIKELY( is_vote || (vote_cnt<=3UL*pack->pack_depth/4UL ) ) ) multiplier = 1.0f;
    1200           0 :         break;
    1201           0 :       }
    1202           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: {
    1203             :         /* We don't have a way to tell how much these actually pay in
    1204             :            rewards, so we just assume they are very high. */
    1205           0 :         treap = pack->pending_bundles;
    1206             :         /* We cap rewards at UINT_MAX lamports for estimation, and min
    1207             :            CUs is about 1000, which means rewards/compute < 5e6.
    1208             :            FLT_MAX is around 3e38. That means, 1e20*rewards/compute is
    1209             :            much less than FLT_MAX, so we won't have any issues with
    1210             :            overflow.  On the other hand, if rewards==1 lamport and
    1211             :            compute is 2 million CUs, 1e20*1/2e6 is still higher than any
    1212             :            normal transaction. */
    1213           0 :         multiplier = 1e20f;
    1214           0 :         break;
    1215           0 :       }
    1216       21256 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    1217       21256 :         fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( sample->txn );
    1218       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, sample->txn->payload );
    1219       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = sample->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1220       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    1221       21256 :         fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1222       21256 :         FD_TEST( q );
    1223       21256 :         ulong cnt = treap_ele_cnt( q->penalty_treap );
    1224       21256 :         treap = q->penalty_treap;
    1225             : 
    1226       21256 :         multiplier = sqrtf( 100.0f / (float)fd_ulong_max( 100UL, cnt ) );
    1227       21256 :         break;
    1228       21256 :       }
    1229       24648 :     }
    1230             :     /* Get the worst from the sampled treap */
    1231       24648 :     treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pack->pool );
    1232       24648 :     FD_TEST( !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ) ); /* It can't be empty because we just sampled an element from it. */
    1233       24648 :     sample = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1234             : 
    1235       24648 :     float score = multiplier * (float)sample->rewards / (float)sample->compute_est;
    1236       24648 :     worst = fd_ptr_if( score<worst_score, sample, worst );
    1237       24648 :     worst_score = fd_float_if( worst_score<score, worst_score, score );
    1238       24648 :   }
    1239             : 
    1240        3081 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !worst                      ) ) return 0;
    1241        3081 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( threshold_score<worst_score ) ) return 0;
    1242             : 
    1243        3081 :   return delete_transaction( pack, worst, 1, 1 );
    1244        3081 : }
    1245             : 
    1246             : static inline int
    1247             : validate_transaction( fd_pack_t               * pack,
    1248             :                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord,
    1249             :                       fd_txn_t          const * txn,
    1250             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * accts,
    1251             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * alt_adj,
    1252       37302 :                       int                       check_bundle_blacklist ) {
    1253       37302 :   int writes_to_sysvar = 0;
    1254       37302 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1255      127719 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1256       90417 :     writes_to_sysvar |= fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    1257       90417 :   }
    1258             : 
    1259       37302 :   int bundle_blacklist = 0;
    1260       37302 :   int acct_blocklist   = 0;
    1261       37302 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    1262      264450 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1263      227148 :     bundle_blacklist |= (3==fd_pack_tip_prog_check_blacklist( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ));
    1264             :     /* querying for the inval key is a violation of the fd_map
    1265             :        contract, even though it's actually fine... */
    1266      227148 :     acct_blocklist   |= (!acct_blocklist_key_inval( *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) )) &&
    1267      227148 :                         !!acct_blocklist_query( pack->acct_blocklist, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    1268      227148 :   }
    1269             : 
    1270       37302 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt     = ord->txn_e->alt_accts;
    1271       37302 :   fd_chkdup_t * chkdup = pack->chkdup;
    1272       37302 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1273       37302 :   ulong alt_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALT );
    1274             : 
    1275             :   /* Throw out transactions ... */
    1276             :   /*           ... that are unfunded */
    1277       37302 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( accts, ord->rewards    ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_UNAFFORDABLE;
    1278             :   /*           ... that are so big they'll never run */
    1279       37302 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->compute_est >= pack->lim->max_cost_per_block       ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_TOO_LARGE;
    1280             :   /*           ... that load too many accounts (ignoring 9LZdXeKGeBV6hRLdxS1rHbHoEUsKqesCC2ZAPTPKJAbK) */
    1281       37302 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL )>64UL     ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCOUNT_CNT;
    1282             :   /*           ... that duplicate an account address */
    1283       37299 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_chkdup_check( chkdup, accts, imm_cnt, alt, alt_cnt ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_DUPLICATE_ACCT;
    1284             :   /*           ... that try to write to a sysvar */
    1285       37296 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( writes_to_sysvar                                        ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_WRITES_SYSVAR;
    1286             :   /*           ... that use an account that violates bundle rules */
    1287       37203 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_blacklist & !!check_bundle_blacklist             ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_BUNDLE_BLACKLIST;
    1288             :   /*           ... that use a blocklisted account */
    1289       37203 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_blocklist                                          ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCT_BLOCKLIST;
    1290             : 
    1291       37188 :   return 0;
    1292       37203 : }
    1293             : 
    1294             : 
    1295             : 
    1296             : /* returns cumulative penalty "points", i.e. the sum of the populated
    1297             :    section of penalties (which also tells the caller how much of the
    1298             :    array is populated. */
    1299             : static inline ulong
    1300             : populate_bitsets( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    1301             :                   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord,
    1302             :                   ushort              penalties  [ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ],
    1303       36138 :                   uchar               penalty_idx[ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] ) {
    1304       36138 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->rw_bitset );
    1305       36138 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->w_bitset  );
    1306             : 
    1307       36138 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(ord->txn);
    1308       36138 :   uchar * payload  = ord->txn->payload;
    1309             : 
    1310       36138 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1311             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1312             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1313             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1314       36138 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1315             : 
    1316       36138 :   ulong  cumulative_penalty = 0UL;
    1317       36138 :   ulong  penalty_i          = 0UL;
    1318             : 
    1319       36138 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1320      121872 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1321       85734 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1322       85734 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1323       85734 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1324       61522 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1325       61522 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1326       61522 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1327       61522 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 1;
    1328       61522 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1329       61522 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1330        1844 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1331        1844 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1332             : 
    1333        1844 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1334        1844 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1335        1844 :     }
    1336       85734 :     ulong penalty = fd_ulong_max( q->ref_cnt, PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD )-PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD;
    1337       85734 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty ) ) {
    1338       17667 :       penalties  [ penalty_i ] = (ushort)penalty;
    1339       17667 :       penalty_idx[ penalty_i ] = (uchar )fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );
    1340       17667 :       penalty_i++;
    1341       17667 :       cumulative_penalty += penalty;
    1342       17667 :     }
    1343             : 
    1344       85734 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1345       85734 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1346       85734 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->w_bitset , q->bit );
    1347       85734 :   }
    1348             : 
    1349       36138 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    1350      166977 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1351             : 
    1352      130839 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1353      130839 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    1354             : 
    1355       79935 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1356       79935 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1357       22341 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1358       22341 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1359       22341 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1360       22341 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 0;
    1361       22341 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1362       57594 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1363        3603 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1364        3603 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1365             : 
    1366        3603 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1367        3603 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1368        3603 :     }
    1369             : 
    1370       79935 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1371       79935 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1372       79935 :   }
    1373       36138 :   return cumulative_penalty;
    1374       36138 : }
    1375             : 
    1376             : int
    1377             : fd_pack_insert_txn_fini( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    1378             :                          fd_txn_e_t * txne,
    1379             :                          ulong        expires_at,
    1380       35730 :                          ulong      * delete_cnt ) {
    1381       35730 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1382             : 
    1383       35730 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)txne;
    1384             : 
    1385       35730 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1386       35730 :   uchar * payload  = txne->txnp->payload;
    1387             : 
    1388       35730 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1389             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1390             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1391             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1392       35730 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1393             : 
    1394       35730 :   ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1395             : 
    1396       35730 :   int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( txne, ord, pack->lim );
    1397       35730 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !est_result ) ) REJECT( ESTIMATION_FAIL );
    1398       35727 :   int is_vote          = est_result==1;
    1399             : 
    1400       35727 :   int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( txne );
    1401       35727 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) REJECT( INVALID_NONCE );
    1402       35724 :   int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1403       35724 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE;
    1404       35724 :   ord->txn->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, 0U );
    1405             : 
    1406       35724 :   int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !!pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1407       35724 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) {
    1408         114 :     trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord );
    1409         114 :     return validation_result;
    1410         114 :   }
    1411             : 
    1412             :   /* Reject any transactions that have already expired */
    1413       35610 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( expires_at<pack->expire_before                          ) ) REJECT( EXPIRED          );
    1414             : 
    1415       35598 :   int replaces = 0;
    1416             :   /* If it's a durable nonce and we already have one, delete one or the
    1417             :      other. */
    1418       35598 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1419         120 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, txne, NULL, pack->pool );
    1420         120 :     if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) { /* Seems like most nonce transactions are effectively duplicates */
    1421           9 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce->root == FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE || COMPARE_WORSE( ord, same_nonce ) ) ) REJECT( NONCE_PRIORITY );
    1422           3 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 ); /* Not a bundle, so delete_full_bundle is 0 */
    1423           3 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1424           3 :       replaces = 1;
    1425           3 :     }
    1426         120 :   }
    1427             : 
    1428       35592 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt == pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1429        3072 :     float threshold_score = (float)ord->rewards/(float)ord->compute_est;
    1430        3072 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, threshold_score, is_vote );
    1431        3072 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1432        3072 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) REJECT( PRIORITY );
    1433        3072 :     replaces = 1;
    1434        3072 :   }
    1435             : 
    1436       35592 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1437       35592 :   ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1438             : 
    1439             :   /* At this point, we know we have space to insert the transaction and
    1440             :      we've committed to insert it. */
    1441             : 
    1442             :   /* Since the pool uses ushorts, the size of the pool is < USHORT_MAX.
    1443             :      Each transaction can reference an account at most once, which means
    1444             :      that the total number of references for an account is < USHORT_MAX.
    1445             :      If these were ulongs, the array would be 512B, which is kind of a
    1446             :      lot to zero out.*/
    1447       35592 :   ushort penalties[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] = {0};
    1448       35592 :   uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1449       35592 :   ulong cumulative_penalty = populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1450             : 
    1451       35592 :   treap_t * insert_into = pack->pending;
    1452             : 
    1453       35592 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( cumulative_penalty && !is_vote ) ) { /* Optimize for high parallelism case */
    1454             :     /* Compute a weighted random choice */
    1455        6159 :     ulong roll = (ulong)fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, (uint)cumulative_penalty ); /* cumulative_penalty < USHORT_MAX*64 < UINT_MAX */
    1456        6159 :     ulong i = 0UL;
    1457             :     /* Find the right one.  This can be done in O(log N), but I imagine
    1458             :        N is normally so small that doesn't matter. */
    1459       11941 :     while( roll>=penalties[i] ) roll -= (ulong)penalties[i++];
    1460             : 
    1461        6159 :     fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( penalty_idx[i] );
    1462        6159 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1463        6159 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1464          21 :       q = penalty_map_insert( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct );
    1465          21 :       treap_new( q->penalty_treap, pack->pack_depth );
    1466          21 :     }
    1467        6159 :     insert_into = q->penalty_treap;
    1468        6159 :     ord->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( penalty_idx[i] );
    1469       29433 :   } else {
    1470       29433 :     ord->root = fd_int_if( is_vote, FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE, FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING );
    1471             : 
    1472       29433 :     fd_pack_smallest_t * smallest = fd_ptr_if( is_vote, &pack->pending_votes_smallest[0], pack->pending_smallest );
    1473       29433 :     smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( smallest->cus,   ord->compute_est       );
    1474       29433 :     smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( smallest->bytes, txne->txnp->payload_sz );
    1475       29433 :   }
    1476             : 
    1477       35592 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1478             : 
    1479       35592 :   sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1480             : 
    1481       35592 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1482             : 
    1483       35592 :   fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1484       35592 :   expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1485             : 
    1486       35592 :   if( FD_LIKELY( is_vote ) ) insert_into = pack->pending_votes;
    1487             : 
    1488       35592 :   treap_ele_insert( insert_into, ord, pack->pool );
    1489       35592 :   return (is_vote) | (replaces<<1) | (is_durable_nonce<<2);
    1490       35592 : }
    1491             : #undef REJECT
    1492             : 
    1493             : fd_txn_e_t * const *
    1494             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_init( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1495             :                             fd_txn_e_t *       * bundle,
    1496         381 :                             ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1497         381 :   FD_TEST( txn_cnt<=FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE  );
    1498         381 :   FD_TEST( trp_pool_free( pack->pool )>=txn_cnt );
    1499        1968 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) bundle[ i ] = trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool )->txn_e;
    1500         381 :   return bundle;
    1501         381 : }
    1502             : 
    1503             : void
    1504             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1505             :                               fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1506         249 :                               ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1507             :   /* There's no real reason these have to be released in reverse, but it
    1508             :      seems fitting to release them in the opposite order they were
    1509             :      acquired. */
    1510        1290 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL-i ] );
    1511         249 : }
    1512             : 
    1513             : /* Explained below */
    1514             : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1515             : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1516         147 : #define RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( r, c ) (BUNDLE_N - ((ulong)(r) * 1UL<<32)/((ulong)(c) * BUNDLE_L_PRIME))
    1517             : 
    1518             : int
    1519             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_fini( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1520             :                             fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1521             :                             ulong                txn_cnt,
    1522             :                             ulong                expires_at,
    1523             :                             int                  initializer_bundle,
    1524             :                             void         const * bundle_meta,
    1525         381 :                             ulong              * delete_cnt ) {
    1526             : 
    1527         381 :   int err = 0;
    1528         381 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1529             : 
    1530         381 :   ulong pending_b_txn_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1531             :     /* We want to prevent bundles from consuming the whole treap, but in
    1532             :        general, we assume bundles are lucrative.  We'll set the policy
    1533             :        on capping bundles at half of the pack depth.  We assume that the
    1534             :        bundles are coming in a pre-prioritized order, so it doesn't make
    1535             :        sense to drop an earlier bundle for this one.  That means that
    1536             :        really, the best thing to do is drop this one. */
    1537         381 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (!initializer_bundle)&(pending_b_txn_cnt+txn_cnt>pack->pack_depth/2UL) ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1538             : 
    1539         381 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( expires_at<pack->expire_before                                         ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_EXPIRED;
    1540             : 
    1541             : 
    1542         381 :   int   replaces      = 0;
    1543         381 :   ulong nonce_txn_cnt = 0UL;
    1544             : 
    1545             :   /* Collect nonce hashes to detect duplicate nonces.
    1546             :      Use a constant-time duplicate-detection algorithm -- Vacant entries
    1547             :      have the MSB set, occupied entries are the noncemap hash, with the
    1548             :      MSB set to 0. */
    1549         381 :   ulong nonce_hash63[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ];
    1550        2286 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; i++ ) {
    1551        1905 :     nonce_hash63[ i ] = ULONG_MAX-i;
    1552        1905 :   }
    1553             : 
    1554        1959 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (i<txn_cnt) && !err; i++ ) {
    1555        1584 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[ i ];
    1556             : 
    1557        1584 :     fd_txn_t const * txn     = TXN(bundle[ i ]->txnp);
    1558        1584 :     uchar    const * payload = bundle[ i ]->txnp->payload;
    1559             : 
    1560        1584 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1561        1584 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1562             : 
    1563        1584 :     int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( bundle[ i ], ord, pack->lim );
    1564        1584 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( est_result==0 ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ESTIMATION_FAIL;  break; }
    1565             :     /* Votes not allowed in bundles */
    1566        1584 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( est_result==1 ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_BUNDLE_BLACKLIST; break; }
    1567        1581 :     int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( ord->txn_e );
    1568        1581 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_INVALID_NONCE;    break; }
    1569        1581 :     int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1570        1581 :     nonce_txn_cnt += !!is_durable_nonce;
    1571             : 
    1572        1581 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE;
    1573        1581 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE);
    1574        1581 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( initializer_bundle, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE, 0U );
    1575        1581 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce,   FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE,      0U );
    1576        1581 :     ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1577        1581 :     ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1578             : 
    1579        1581 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1580        1032 :       nonce_hash63[ i ] = noncemap_key_hash( ord->txn_e, pack->noncemap->seed ) & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL;
    1581        1032 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, ord->txn_e, NULL, pack->pool );
    1582        1032 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) {
    1583             :         /* bundles take priority over non-bundles, and earlier bundles
    1584             :            take priority over later bundles. */
    1585           6 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( same_nonce->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE ) ) {
    1586           3 :           err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_PRIORITY;
    1587           3 :           break;
    1588           3 :         } else {
    1589           3 :           ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 );
    1590           3 :           *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1591           3 :           replaces = 1;
    1592           3 :         }
    1593           6 :       }
    1594        1032 :     }
    1595             : 
    1596        1578 :     int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !initializer_bundle );
    1597        1578 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) { err = validation_result; break; }
    1598        1578 :   }
    1599             : 
    1600         381 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( err ) ) {
    1601           6 :     fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1602           6 :     return err;
    1603           6 :   }
    1604             : 
    1605         375 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( initializer_bundle && pending_b_txn_cnt>0UL ) ) {
    1606           0 :     treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1607           0 :     FD_TEST( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) );
    1608           0 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1609           0 :     int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1610             : 
    1611             :     /* Delete the previous IB if there is one */
    1612           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib && 0UL==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    1613           0 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, cur, 1, 0 );
    1614           0 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1615           0 :     }
    1616           0 :   }
    1617             : 
    1618         384 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt+txn_cnt > pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1619           9 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, FLT_MAX, 0 );
    1620           9 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1621           9 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) {
    1622           0 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1623           0 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1624           0 :     }
    1625           9 :     replaces = 1;
    1626           9 :   }
    1627             : 
    1628         375 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !pending_b_txn_cnt ) ) {
    1629         375 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1630         375 :   }
    1631             : 
    1632         375 :   if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_meta ) ) {
    1633           0 :     memcpy( (uchar *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)((fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[0]-pack->pool)*pack->bundle_meta_sz, bundle_meta, pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1634           0 :   }
    1635             : 
    1636         375 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( nonce_txn_cnt>1UL ) ) {
    1637             :     /* Do a ILP-friendly duplicate detect, naive O(n^2) algo.  With max
    1638             :        5 txns per bundle, this requires 10 comparisons.  ~ 25 cycle.  */
    1639         375 :     uint conflict_detected = 0u;
    1640        1875 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1; i++ ) {
    1641        5250 :       for( ulong j=i+1; j<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; j++ ) {
    1642        3750 :         ulong const ele_i = nonce_hash63[ i ];
    1643        3750 :         ulong const ele_j = nonce_hash63[ j ];
    1644        3750 :         conflict_detected |= (ele_i==ele_j);
    1645        3750 :       }
    1646        1500 :     }
    1647         375 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflict_detected ) ) {
    1648         243 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1649         243 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_CONFLICT;
    1650         243 :     }
    1651         375 :   }
    1652             : 
    1653             :   /* We put bundles in a treap just like all the other transactions, but
    1654             :      we actually want to sort them in a very specific order; the order
    1655             :      within the bundle is determined at bundle creation time, and the
    1656             :      order among the bundles is FIFO.  However, it's going to be a pain
    1657             :      to use a different sorting function for this treap, since it's
    1658             :      fixed as part of the treap creation for performance.  Don't fear
    1659             :      though; we can pull a cool math trick out of the bag to shoehorn
    1660             :      the order we'd like into the sort function we need, and to get even
    1661             :      more.
    1662             : 
    1663             :      Recall that the sort function is r_i/c_i, smallest to largest,
    1664             :      where r_i is the rewards and c_i is the cost units.  r_i and c_i
    1665             :      are both uints, and the comparison is done by cross-multiplication
    1666             :      as ulongs.  We actually use the c_i value for testing if
    1667             :      transactions fit, etc.  so let's assume that's fixed, and we know
    1668             :      it's in the range [1020, 1,551,570].
    1669             : 
    1670             :      This means, if c_0, c_1, ... c_4 are the CU costs of the
    1671             :      transactions in the first bundle, we require r_0/c_0 > r_1/c_1 >
    1672             :      ... > r_4/c_4.  Then, if c_5, ... c_9 are the CU costs of the
    1673             :      transactions in the second bundle, we also require that r_4/c_4 >
    1674             :      r_5/c_5.  For convenience, we'll impose a slightly stronger
    1675             :      constraint: we want the kth bundle to obey L*(N-k) <= r_i/c_i <
    1676             :      L*(N+1-k), for fixed constants L and N, real and integer,
    1677             :      respectively, that we'll determine. For example, this means r_4/c_4
    1678             :      >= L*N > r_5/c_5.  This enables us to group the transactions in the
    1679             :      same bundle more easily.
    1680             : 
    1681             :      For convenience in the math below, we'll set j=N-k and relabel the
    1682             :      transactions from the jth bundle c_0, ... c_4.
    1683             :      From above, we know that Lj <= r_4/c_4.  We'd like to make it as
    1684             :      close as possible given that r_4 is an integers.  Thus, put
    1685             :      r_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj ).  r_4 is clearly an integer, and it satisfies
    1686             :      the required inequality because:
    1687             :             r_4/c_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj)/c_4 >= c_4*Lj / c_4 >= Lj.
    1688             : 
    1689             :      Following in the same spirit, put r_3 = ceil( c_3 * (r_4+1)/c_4 ).
    1690             :      Again, r_3 is clearly an integer, and
    1691             :                 r_3/c_3  = ceil(c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4)/c_3
    1692             :                         >= (c_3*(r_4+1))/(c_3 * c_4)
    1693             :                         >= r_4/c_4 + 1/c_4
    1694             :                         >  r_4/c_4.
    1695             :      Following the pattern, we put
    1696             :                 r_2 = ceil( c_2 * (r_3+1)/c_3 )
    1697             :                 r_1 = ceil( c_1 * (r_2+1)/c_2 )
    1698             :                 r_0 = ceil( c_0 * (r_1+1)/c_1 )
    1699             :      which work for the same reason that as r_3.
    1700             : 
    1701             :      We now need for r_0 to satisfy the final inequality with L, and
    1702             :      we'll use this to guide our choice of L.  Theoretically, r_0 can be
    1703             :      expressed in terms of L, j, and c_0, ... c_4, but that's a truly
    1704             :      inscrutible expression.  Instead, we need some bounds so we can get
    1705             :      rid of all the ceil using the property that x <= ceil(x) < x+1.
    1706             :                      c_4 * Lj <= r_4 < c_4 * Lj + 1
    1707             :      The lower bound on r_3 is easy:
    1708             :          r_3 >= c_3 * (c_4 * Lj + 1)/c_4 = c_3 * Lj + c_3/c_4
    1709             :      For the upper bound,
    1710             :          r_3 < 1 + c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4 < 1 + c_3*(c_4*Lj+1 + 1)/c_4
    1711             :                                    = 1 + c_3 * Lj + 2*c_3/c_4
    1712             :      Continuing similarly gives
    1713             :        c_2*Lj +                     c_2/c_3 + c_2/c_4 <= r_2
    1714             :        c_1*Lj +           c_1/c_2 + c_1/c_c + c_1/c_4 <= r_1
    1715             :        c_0*Lj + c_0/c_1 + c_0/c_2 + c_0/c_3 + c_0/c_4 <= r_0
    1716             :      and
    1717             :        r_2 < 1 + c_2*Lj +                       2c_2/c_3 + 2c_2/c_4
    1718             :        r_1 < 1 + c_1*Lj +            2c_1/c_2 + 2c_1/c_3 + 2c_1/c_4
    1719             :        r_0 < 1 + c_0*Lj + 2c_0/c_1 + 2c_0/c_2 + 2c_0/c_3 + 2c_0/c_4.
    1720             : 
    1721             :      Setting L(j+1)>=(1 + c_0*Lj+2c_0/c_1+2c_0/c_2+2c_0/c_3+2c_0/c_4)/c_0
    1722             :      is then sufficient to ensure the whole sequence of 5 fits between Lj
    1723             :      and L(j+1).  Simplifying gives
    1724             :               L<= 1/c_0 + 2/c_1 + 2/c_2 + 2/c_3 + 2/c_4
    1725             :      but L must be a constant and not depend on individual values of c_i,
    1726             :      so, given that c_i >= 1020, we set L = 9/1020.
    1727             : 
    1728             :      Now all that remains is to determine N.  It's a bit unfortunate
    1729             :      that we require N, since it limits our capacity, but it's necessary
    1730             :      in any system that tries to compute priorities to enforce a FIFO
    1731             :      order.  If we've inserted more than N bundles without ever having
    1732             :      the bundle treap go empty, we'll briefly break the FIFO ordering as
    1733             :      we underflow.
    1734             : 
    1735             :      Thus, we'd like to make N as big as possible, avoiding overflow.
    1736             :      r_0, ..., r_4 are all uints, and taking the bounds from above,
    1737             :      given that for any i, i' c_i/c_{i'} <= 1551570/1020 < 1522, we have
    1738             :                r_i < 1 + 1551570 * Lj + 8*1522.
    1739             :      To avoid overflow, we assert the right-hand side is < 2^32, which
    1740             :      implies N <= 313721.
    1741             : 
    1742             :      We want to use a fixed point representation for L so that the
    1743             :      entire computation can be done with integer arithmetic.  We can do
    1744             :      the arithmetic as ulongs, which means defining L' >= L * 2^s, and
    1745             :      we compute ceil( c_4*Lj ) as floor( (c_4 * L' * j + 2^s - 1)/2^s ),
    1746             :      so c_4 * L' * j + 2^s should fit in a ulong.  With j<=N, this gives
    1747             :      s<=32, so we set s=32, which means L' = 37896771 >= 9/1020 * 2^32.
    1748             :      Note that 1 + 1551570 * L' * N + 8*1522 + 2^32 is approximately
    1749             :      2^63.999992.
    1750             : 
    1751             :      Note that this is all checked by a proof of the code translated
    1752             :      into Z3.  Unfortunately CBMC was too slow to prove this code
    1753             :      directly. */
    1754         132 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MIN_TXN_COST==   1020UL, adjust_constants );
    1755         132 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_COST==1551570UL, adjust_constants );
    1756         279 : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1757         279 : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1758             : 
    1759         132 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->relative_bundle_idx>BUNDLE_N ) ) {
    1760           0 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "Too many bundles inserted without allowing pending bundles to go empty. "
    1761           0 :                      "Ordering of bundles may be incorrect." ));
    1762           0 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1763           0 :   }
    1764         132 :   ulong bundle_idx = fd_ulong_if( initializer_bundle, 0UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1765         132 :   insert_bundle_impl( pack, bundle_idx, txn_cnt, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t * *)bundle, expires_at );
    1766             :   /* if IB this is max( 1, x ), which is x.  Otherwise, this is max(x,
    1767             :      x+1) which is x++ */
    1768         132 :   pack->relative_bundle_idx = fd_ulong_max( bundle_idx+1UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1769             : 
    1770         132 :   return (0) | (replaces<<1) | ((!!nonce_txn_cnt)<<2);
    1771         375 : }
    1772             : static inline void
    1773             : insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t           * pack,
    1774             :                     ulong                 bundle_idx,
    1775             :                     ulong                 txn_cnt,
    1776             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle,
    1777         132 :                     ulong                 expires_at ) {
    1778         132 :   ulong prev_reward = ((BUNDLE_L_PRIME * (BUNDLE_N - bundle_idx))) - 1UL;
    1779         132 :   ulong prev_cost = 1UL<<32;
    1780             : 
    1781             :   /* Assign last to first */
    1782         678 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) {
    1783         546 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL - i ];
    1784         546 :     ord->rewards = (uint)(((ulong)ord->compute_est * (prev_reward + 1UL) + prev_cost-1UL)/prev_cost);
    1785         546 :     ord->root    = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE;
    1786         546 :     prev_reward = ord->rewards;
    1787         546 :     prev_cost   = ord->compute_est;
    1788             : 
    1789             :     /* The penalty information isn't used for bundles. */
    1790         546 :     ushort penalties  [ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1791         546 :     uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1792         546 :     populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1793             : 
    1794         546 :     treap_ele_insert( pack->pending_bundles, ord, pack->pool );
    1795         546 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1796             : 
    1797         546 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1798         546 :     sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1799             : 
    1800         546 :     fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1801         546 :     expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1802         546 :   }
    1803             : 
    1804         132 : }
    1805             : 
    1806             : void const *
    1807           0 : fd_pack_peek_bundle_meta( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1808           0 :   int ib_state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    1809           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED) ) ) return NULL;
    1810             : 
    1811           0 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1812           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return NULL; /* empty */
    1813             : 
    1814           0 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1815           0 :   int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1816           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) return NULL;
    1817             : 
    1818           0 :   return (void const *)((uchar const *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)_cur * pack->bundle_meta_sz);
    1819           0 : }
    1820             : 
    1821             : void
    1822           3 : fd_pack_set_initializer_bundles_ready( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    1823           3 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY;
    1824           3 : }
    1825             : 
    1826             : void
    1827       14871 : fd_pack_metrics_write( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1828       14871 :   ulong pending_regular = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending        );
    1829       14871 :   ulong pending_votes  = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes   );
    1830       14871 :   ulong pending_bundle = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1831       14871 :   ulong conflicting    = pack->pending_txn_cnt - pending_votes - pending_bundle - treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending );
    1832       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_ALL,         pack->pending_txn_cnt       );
    1833       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_REGULAR,     pending_regular             );
    1834       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_VOTES,       pending_votes               );
    1835       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_CONFLICTING, conflicting                 );
    1836       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_BUNDLES,     pending_bundle              );
    1837       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_SMALLEST_CU,      pack->pending_smallest->cus );
    1838             : 
    1839       14871 :   FD_MCNT_ENUM_COPY( PACK, TXN_SCHEDULED, pack->sched_results );
    1840       14871 : }
    1841             : 
    1842             : void
    1843           0 : fd_pack_get_sched_metrics( fd_pack_t const * pack, ulong * metrics ) {
    1844           0 :   fd_memcpy( metrics, pack->sched_results, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
    1845           0 : }
    1846             : 
    1847             : typedef struct {
    1848             :   ushort clear_rw_bit;
    1849             :   ushort clear_w_bit;
    1850             : } release_result_t;
    1851             : 
    1852             : static inline release_result_t
    1853             : release_bit_reference( fd_pack_t            * pack,
    1854      161757 :                        fd_acct_addr_t const * acct ) {
    1855             : 
    1856      161757 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, *acct, NULL );
    1857      161757 :   FD_TEST( q ); /* q==NULL not be possible */
    1858             : 
    1859      161757 :   q->ref_cnt--;
    1860             : 
    1861      161757 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->ref_cnt==0UL ) ) {
    1862       80074 :     ushort bit = q->bit;
    1863       80074 :     bitset_map_remove( pack->acct_to_bitset, q );
    1864       80074 :     if( FD_LIKELY( bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) ) pack->bitset_avail[ ++(pack->bitset_avail_cnt) ] = bit;
    1865             : 
    1866       80074 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    1867       80074 :     if( FD_LIKELY( use ) ) {
    1868       75607 :       use->in_use_by |= FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    1869       75607 :       release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = bit,
    1870       75607 :                                .clear_w_bit = fd_ushort_if( !!(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE), bit, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) };
    1871       75607 :       return ret;
    1872       75607 :     }
    1873       80074 :   }
    1874       86150 :   release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX, .clear_w_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX };
    1875       86150 :   return ret;
    1876      161757 : }
    1877             : 
    1878             : typedef struct {
    1879             :   ulong cus_scheduled;
    1880             :   ulong txns_scheduled;
    1881             :   ulong bytes_scheduled;
    1882             :   ulong alloc_scheduled;
    1883             : } sched_return_t;
    1884             : 
    1885             : static inline sched_return_t
    1886             : fd_pack_schedule_impl( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1887             :                        treap_t            * sched_from,
    1888             :                        ulong                cu_limit,
    1889             :                        ulong                txn_limit,
    1890             :                        ulong                byte_limit,
    1891             :                        ulong                alloc_limit,
    1892             :                        ulong                bank_tile,
    1893             :                        fd_pack_smallest_t * smallest_in_treap,
    1894             :                        ulong              * use_by_bank_txn,
    1895       29649 :                        fd_txn_e_t         * out ) {
    1896             : 
    1897       29649 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t  * pool         = pack->pool;
    1898       29649 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * acct_in_use  = pack->acct_in_use;
    1899       29649 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    1900             : 
    1901       29649 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t ** written_list     = pack->written_list;
    1902       29649 :   ulong                 written_list_cnt = pack->written_list_cnt;
    1903       29649 :   ulong                 written_list_max = pack->written_list_max;
    1904             : 
    1905       29649 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    1906       29649 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    1907       29649 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    1908       29649 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    1909             : 
    1910       29649 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    1911       29649 :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt = pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile];
    1912             : 
    1913       29649 :   ulong max_write_cost_per_acct = pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    1914             : 
    1915       29649 :   ushort compressed_slot_number = pack->compressed_slot_number;
    1916             : 
    1917       29649 :   ulong txns_scheduled  = 0UL;
    1918       29649 :   ulong cus_scheduled   = 0UL;
    1919       29649 :   ulong bytes_scheduled = 0UL;
    1920       29649 :   ulong alloc_scheduled = 0UL;
    1921             : 
    1922       29649 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    1923             : 
    1924       29649 :   ulong fast_path     = 0UL;
    1925       29649 :   ulong slow_path     = 0UL;
    1926       29649 :   ulong cu_limit_c    = 0UL;
    1927       29649 :   ulong byte_limit_c  = 0UL;
    1928       29649 :   ulong alloc_limit_c = 0UL;
    1929       29649 :   ulong write_limit_c = 0UL;
    1930       29649 :   ulong skip_c        = 0UL;
    1931             : 
    1932       29649 :   ulong min_cus   = ULONG_MAX;
    1933       29649 :   ulong min_bytes = ULONG_MAX;
    1934             : 
    1935       29649 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) {
    1936       14960 :     sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled = 0UL, .txns_scheduled = 0UL, .bytes_scheduled = 0UL };
    1937       14960 :     return to_return;
    1938       14960 :   }
    1939             : 
    1940       14689 :   treap_rev_iter_t prev = treap_idx_null();
    1941      246156 :   for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( sched_from, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=prev ) {
    1942             :     /* Capture next so that we can delete while we iterate. */
    1943      234331 :     prev = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    1944             : 
    1945      234331 : #   if FD_HAS_X86
    1946      234331 :     _mm_prefetch( &(pool[ prev ].prev),      _MM_HINT_T0 );
    1947      234331 : #   endif
    1948             : 
    1949      234331 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    1950             : 
    1951      234331 :     min_cus   = fd_ulong_min( min_cus,   cur->compute_est     );
    1952      234331 :     min_bytes = fd_ulong_min( min_bytes, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    1953             : 
    1954      234331 :     ulong conflicts = 0UL;
    1955             : 
    1956      234331 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    1957             :       /* Too big to be scheduled at the moment, but might be okay for
    1958             :          the next microblock, so we don't want to delay it. */
    1959           0 :       cu_limit_c++;
    1960           0 :       continue;
    1961           0 :     }
    1962             : 
    1963      234331 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    1964             :       /* We don't want to consider this until the next block, but
    1965             :          checking alloc is as cheap as checking cur->skip, so there's
    1966             :          not a big difference. */
    1967          18 :       alloc_limit_c++;
    1968          18 :       continue;
    1969          18 :     }
    1970             : 
    1971             :     /* Likely? Unlikely? */
    1972      234313 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    1973      204013 :       fast_path++;
    1974      204013 :       continue;
    1975      204013 :     }
    1976             : 
    1977       30300 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->skip==compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    1978           0 :       skip_c++;
    1979           0 :       continue;
    1980           0 :     }
    1981             : 
    1982             :     /* If skip>FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP but not compressed_slot_number, it means
    1983             :        it's the compressed slot number of a previous slot.  We don't
    1984             :        care unless we're going to update the value though, so we don't
    1985             :        need to eagerly reset it to FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP.
    1986             :        compressed_slot_number is a ushort, so it's possible for it to
    1987             :        roll over, but the transaction lifetime is much shorter than
    1988             :        that, so it won't be a problem. */
    1989             : 
    1990       30300 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>byte_limit ) ) {
    1991           6 :       byte_limit_c++;
    1992           6 :       continue;
    1993           6 :     }
    1994             : 
    1995             : 
    1996       30294 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    1997       30294 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    1998       30294 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1999             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2000             :        current readers */
    2001       30294 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2002       97293 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2003             : 
    2004       67002 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2005             : 
    2006       67002 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_wcost_table = acct_uses_query( writer_costs, acct, NULL );
    2007       67002 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( in_wcost_table && in_wcost_table->total_cost+cur->compute_est > max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2008             :         /* Can't be scheduled until the next block */
    2009           3 :         conflicts = ULONG_MAX;
    2010           3 :         break;
    2011           3 :       }
    2012             : 
    2013       66999 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use, acct, NULL );
    2014       66999 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( use ) ) conflicts |= use->in_use_by; /* break? */
    2015       66999 :     }
    2016             : 
    2017       30294 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts==ULONG_MAX ) ) {
    2018             :       /* The logic for how to adjust skip is a bit complicated, and we
    2019             :          want to do it branchlessly. Let psc=FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT,
    2020             :            Before                   After
    2021             :              1               compressed_slot_number
    2022             :            x in [2, psc]             x-1
    2023             :            x where x>psc            psc-1
    2024             : 
    2025             :          Set A=min(x, 5), B=min(A-2, compressed_slot_number-1), and
    2026             :          note that compressed_slot_number is in [psc+1, USHORT_MAX].
    2027             :          Then:
    2028             :              x                A     A-2          B      B+1
    2029             :              1                1  USHORT_MAX    csn-1    csn
    2030             :            x in [2, psc]      x     x-2         x-2     x-1
    2031             :            x where x>psc     psc   psc-2       psc-2   psc-1
    2032             :          So B+1 is the desired value. */
    2033           3 :       cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(compressed_slot_number-1),
    2034           3 :                                             (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2035           3 :       write_limit_c++;
    2036           3 :       continue;
    2037           3 :     }
    2038             : 
    2039       30291 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2040           6 :       slow_path++;
    2041           6 :       continue;
    2042           6 :     }
    2043             : 
    2044             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2045             :        current writers */
    2046       30285 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2047      135999 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2048             : 
    2049      105714 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2050      105714 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2051             : 
    2052       64965 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    2053       64965 :       if( use ) conflicts |= (use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE) ? use->in_use_by : 0UL;
    2054       64965 :     }
    2055             : 
    2056       30285 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2057           0 :       slow_path++;
    2058           0 :       continue;
    2059           0 :     }
    2060             : 
    2061             :     /* Include this transaction in the microblock! */
    2062       30285 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2063       30285 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2064             : 
    2065       30285 :     fd_txn_p_t * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2066       30285 :     if(
    2067       10095 : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
    2068       10095 :         FD_LIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>=1024UL )
    2069             : #else
    2070       20190 :         0
    2071       20190 : #endif
    2072       30285 :       ) {
    2073        4224 : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
    2074        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+   0UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+   0UL ) );
    2075        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+  64UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+  64UL ) );
    2076        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 128UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 128UL ) );
    2077        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 192UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 192UL ) );
    2078        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 256UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 256UL ) );
    2079        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 320UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 320UL ) );
    2080        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 384UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 384UL ) );
    2081        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 448UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 448UL ) );
    2082        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 512UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 512UL ) );
    2083        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 576UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 576UL ) );
    2084        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 640UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 640UL ) );
    2085        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 704UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 704UL ) );
    2086        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 768UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 768UL ) );
    2087        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 832UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 832UL ) );
    2088        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 896UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 896UL ) );
    2089        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+ 960UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+ 960UL ) );
    2090        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+1024UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+1024UL ) );
    2091        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+1088UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+1088UL ) );
    2092        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+1152UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+1152UL ) );
    2093        4224 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+1216UL), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+1216UL ) );
    2094             : 
    2095             :       /* For V1 transactions, the payload can be up to 4096 bytes so we copy an additional 2816 bytes. */
    2096        4224 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->transaction_version==FD_TXN_V1 ) ) {
    2097           0 :         for( ulong off=1280UL; off<FD_TPU_MTU; off+=64UL ) {
    2098           0 :           _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(out_txnp->payload+off), _mm512_load_epi64( cur->txn->payload+off ) );
    2099           0 :         }
    2100           0 :       }
    2101        4224 : #endif
    2102       26061 :     } else {
    2103       26061 :       fd_memcpy( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2104       26061 :     }
    2105             : 
    2106       30285 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                                = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2107       30285 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2108       30285 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus                 = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2109       30285 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                                = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2110       30285 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos              = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2111       30285 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                                = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2112       30285 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                               = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2113       30285 :     out_txnp->flags                                     = cur->txn->flags;
    2114       30285 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp), txn, fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2115             : 
    2116             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2117       30285 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2118       10095 : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
    2119             :     /* In order to use non-temporal copies, we have to copy a full cache
    2120             :        line (which fits two pubkeys) at a time.  If alt_acct_cnt is odd,
    2121             :        this copies one extra address, but it touches the same number of
    2122             :        cache lines, since both the source and destination are aligned
    2123             :        to 64 bytes. The max is even, so this can never read out of bounds. */
    2124       10095 :     fd_acct_addr_t       * dst = out->alt_accts;
    2125       10095 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * src = cur->txn_e->alt_accts;
    2126       10095 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<alt_acct_cnt; i+=2UL ) {
    2127           0 :       _mm512_stream_si512( (void*)(dst+i), _mm512_load_epi64( src+i ) );
    2128           0 :     }
    2129             : #else
    2130       20190 :     fd_memcpy( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt * sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2131       20190 : #endif
    2132       30285 :     out++;
    2133             : 
    2134       30285 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2135       97269 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2136       66984 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2137             : 
    2138       66984 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_wcost_table = acct_uses_query( writer_costs, acct_addr, NULL );
    2139       66984 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2140       19258 :         in_wcost_table = acct_uses_insert( writer_costs, acct_addr );
    2141       19258 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2142       19258 :         written_list[ written_list_cnt ] = in_wcost_table;
    2143       19258 :         written_list_cnt = fd_ulong_min( written_list_cnt+1UL, written_list_max-1UL );
    2144       19258 :       }
    2145       66984 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2146             : 
    2147       66984 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr );
    2148       66984 :       use->in_use_by = bank_tile_mask | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE;
    2149             : 
    2150       66984 :       use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2151             : 
    2152             :       /* If there aren't any more references to this account in the
    2153             :          heap, it can't cause any conflicts.  That means we actually
    2154             :          don't need to record that we are using it, which is good
    2155             :          because we want to release the bit. */
    2156       66984 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2157       66984 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2158       66984 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2159       66984 :     }
    2160       30285 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2161      135999 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2162             : 
    2163      105714 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2164             : 
    2165      105714 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct_addr ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2166             : 
    2167       64965 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  acct_addr, NULL );
    2168       64965 :       if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2169             : 
    2170       64965 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & bank_tile_mask) ) use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2171       64965 :       use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask;
    2172       64965 :       use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2173             : 
    2174             : 
    2175       64965 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2176       64965 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2177       64965 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2178       64965 :     }
    2179             : 
    2180       30285 :     txns_scheduled  += 1UL;                      txn_limit       -= 1UL;
    2181       30285 :     cus_scheduled   += cur->compute_est;         cu_limit        -= cur->compute_est;
    2182       30285 :     bytes_scheduled += cur->txn->payload_sz;     byte_limit      -= cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2183       30285 :     alloc_scheduled += cur->txn->pack_alloc;     alloc_limit     -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2184             : 
    2185       30285 :     *(use_by_bank_txn++) = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2186             : 
    2187       30285 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2188       30285 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pool );
    2189             : 
    2190       30285 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2191       30285 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2192       30285 :     treap_idx_remove( sched_from, _cur, pool );
    2193       30285 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pool, _cur );
    2194       30285 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2195             : 
    2196       30285 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) break;
    2197       30285 :   }
    2198             : 
    2199       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_TAKEN_IDX       ] += txns_scheduled;
    2200       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX    ] += cu_limit_c;
    2201       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_FAST_PATH_IDX   ] += fast_path;
    2202       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX  ] += byte_limit_c;
    2203       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX ] += alloc_limit_c;
    2204       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_WRITE_COST_IDX  ] += write_limit_c;
    2205       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX   ] += slow_path;
    2206       14689 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_DEFER_SKIP_IDX  ] += skip_c;
    2207             : 
    2208             :   /* If we scanned the whole treap and didn't break early, we now have a
    2209             :      better estimate of the smallest. */
    2210       14689 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( prev ) ) ) {
    2211       14366 :     smallest_in_treap->cus   = min_cus;
    2212       14366 :     smallest_in_treap->bytes = min_bytes;
    2213       14366 :   }
    2214             : 
    2215       14689 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2216       14689 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2217       14689 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2218             : 
    2219       14689 :   pack->written_list_cnt = written_list_cnt;
    2220             : 
    2221       14689 :   sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled=cus_scheduled,     .txns_scheduled=txns_scheduled,
    2222       14689 :                                .bytes_scheduled=bytes_scheduled, .alloc_scheduled=alloc_scheduled };
    2223       14689 :   return to_return;
    2224       29649 : }
    2225             : 
    2226             : int
    2227             : fd_pack_microblock_complete( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2228       14877 :                              ulong       bank_tile ) {
    2229             :   /* If the account is in use writably, and it's in use by this banking
    2230             :      tile, then this banking tile must be the sole writer to it, so it's
    2231             :      always okay to clear the writable bit. */
    2232       14877 :   ulong clear_mask = ~((1UL<<bank_tile) | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE);
    2233             : 
    2234             :   /* If nothing outstanding, bail quickly */
    2235       14877 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(pack->outstanding_microblock_mask & (1UL<<bank_tile)) ) ) return 0;
    2236             : 
    2237        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2238        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2239        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2240        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2241             : 
    2242        8716 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * base = pack->use_by_bank[bank_tile];
    2243             : 
    2244        8716 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    2245        8716 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    2246        8716 :   ulong                     txn_cnt      = 0UL;
    2247             : 
    2248      116441 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile]; i++ ) {
    2249      107725 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, base[i].key, NULL );
    2250      107725 :     FD_TEST( use );
    2251      107725 :     use->in_use_by &= clear_mask;
    2252             : 
    2253             :     /* In order to properly bound the size of bitset_map, we need to
    2254             :        release the "reference" to the account when we schedule it.
    2255             :        However, that poses a bit of a problem here, because by the time
    2256             :        we complete the microblock, that account could have been assigned
    2257             :        a different bit in the bitset.  The scheduling step tells us if
    2258             :        that is the case, and if so, we know that the bits in
    2259             :        bitset_w_in_use and bitset_rw_in_use were already cleared as
    2260             :        necessary.
    2261             : 
    2262             :        Note that it's possible for BIT_CLEARED to be set and then unset
    2263             :        by later uses, but then the account would be in use on other
    2264             :        banks, so we wouldn't try to observe the old value.  For example:
    2265             :        Suppose bit 0->account A, bit 1->account B, and we have two
    2266             :        transactions that read A, B.  We schedule a microblock to bank 0,
    2267             :        taking both transactions, which sets the counts for A, B to 0,
    2268             :        and releases the bits, clearing bits 0 and 1, and setting
    2269             :        BIT_CLEARED.  Then we get two more transactions that read
    2270             :        accounts C, D, A, B, and they get assigned 0->C, 1->D, 2->A,
    2271             :        3->B.  We try to schedule a microblock to bank 1 that takes one
    2272             :        of those transactions.  This unsets BIT_CLEARED for A, B.
    2273             :        Finally, the first microblock completes.  Even though the bitset
    2274             :        map has the new bits for A and B which are "wrong" compared to
    2275             :        when the transaction was initially scheduled, those bits have
    2276             :        already been cleared and reset properly in the bitset as needed.
    2277             :        A and B will still be in use by bank 1, so we won't clear any
    2278             :        bits.  If, on the other hand, the microblock scheduled to bank 1
    2279             :        completes first, bits 0 and 1 will be cleared for accounts C and
    2280             :        D, while bits 2 and 3 will remain set, which is correct.  Then
    2281             :        when bank 0 completes, bits 2 and 3 will be cleared. */
    2282      107725 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !use->in_use_by ) ) { /* if in_use_by==0, doesn't include BIT_CLEARED */
    2283       40146 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    2284       40146 :       FD_TEST( q );
    2285       40146 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  q->bit );
    2286       40146 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, q->bit );
    2287             : 
    2288             :       /* Because this account is no longer in use, it might be possible
    2289             :          to schedule a transaction that writes to it.  Check its
    2290             :          penalty treap if it has one, and potentially move it to the
    2291             :          main treap. */
    2292       40146 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, base[i].key, NULL );
    2293       40146 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    2294        5507 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    2295        5507 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    2296        2806 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    2297        2806 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    2298        2806 :         }
    2299        5507 :       }
    2300       40146 :     }
    2301             : 
    2302      107725 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !(use->in_use_by & ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) ) acct_uses_remove( pack->acct_in_use, use );
    2303             : 
    2304      107725 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( i+1UL==pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ][ txn_cnt ] ) ) {
    2305       26502 :       txn_cnt++;
    2306       26502 :       if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    2307             :         /* move best to the main treap */
    2308        2806 :         treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    2309        2806 :         best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    2310        2806 :         treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    2311             : 
    2312        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    2313        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    2314             : 
    2315        2806 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    2316          12 :           treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    2317             :           /* Removal invalidates any pointers we got from
    2318             :              penalty_map_query, but we immediately set these to NULL, so
    2319             :              we're not keeping any pointers around. */
    2320          12 :           penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    2321          12 :         }
    2322        2806 :         best         = NULL;
    2323        2806 :         best_penalty = NULL;
    2324        2806 :       }
    2325       26502 :     }
    2326      107725 :   }
    2327             : 
    2328        8716 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = 0UL;
    2329             : 
    2330        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2331        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2332             : 
    2333             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask never has the writable bit set, so we
    2334             :      don't care about clearing it here either. */
    2335        8716 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask &= clear_mask;
    2336        8716 :   return 1;
    2337        8716 : }
    2338             : 
    2339       14718 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES      0
    2340           6 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS       (-1)
    2341           6 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT        (-2)
    2342           6 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS(n)          ( n) /* schedule bundle with n transactions */
    2343             : static inline int
    2344             : fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    2345             :                              ulong        bank_tile,
    2346       14724 :                              fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2347       14724 :   int state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    2348       14724 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2349             : 
    2350       14724 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool    = pack->pool;
    2351       14724 :   treap_t           * bundles = pack->pending_bundles;
    2352             : 
    2353       14724 :   int require_ib;
    2354       14724 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED ) ) { require_ib = 1; }
    2355       14724 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           ) ) { require_ib = 0; }
    2356             : 
    2357       14724 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur  = treap_rev_iter_init( bundles, pool );
    2358       14724 :   ulong bundle_idx = ULONG_MAX;
    2359             : 
    2360             :   /* Skip any that we've marked as won't fit in this block */
    2361       14724 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) && treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool )->skip==pack->compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    2362           0 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2363           0 :     pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_DEFER_SKIP_IDX ]++;
    2364           0 :   }
    2365             : 
    2366       14724 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2367             : 
    2368           6 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _txn0 = _cur;
    2369           6 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn0 = treap_rev_iter_ele( _txn0, pool );
    2370           6 :   int is_ib = !!(txn0->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    2371           6 :   bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( txn0->rewards, txn0->compute_est );
    2372             : 
    2373           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( require_ib & !is_ib ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2374             : 
    2375             :   /* At this point, we have our candidate bundle, so we'll schedule it
    2376             :      if we can.  If we can't, we won't schedule anything. */
    2377             : 
    2378             : 
    2379           6 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_inserted[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    2380           6 :   ulong bundle_temp_inserted_cnt = 0UL;
    2381             : 
    2382           6 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    2383             : 
    2384           6 :   int doesnt_fit   = 0;
    2385           6 :   int has_conflict = 0;
    2386           6 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    2387             : 
    2388           6 :   ulong cu_limit         = pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           - pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2389           6 :   ulong byte_limit       = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     - pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2390           6 :   ulong microblock_limit = pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    - pack->microblock_cnt;
    2391           6 :   ulong alloc_limit      = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2392             : 
    2393           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2394           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2395           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2396           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2397             : 
    2398             :   /* last_use_in_txn_cnt[i+1] Keeps track of the number of accounts that
    2399             :      have their last reference in transaction i of the bundle.  This
    2400             :      esoteric value is important for computing use_by_bank_txn.
    2401             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt[0] is garbage. */
    2402           6 :   ulong last_use_in_txn_cnt[ 1UL+FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ] = { 0UL };
    2403             : 
    2404           6 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   null_use[1]    = {{{{ 0 }}, { 0 }}};
    2405             : 
    2406          24 :   while( !(doesnt_fit | has_conflict) & !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) {
    2407          18 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2408          18 :     ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2409          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2410             : 
    2411          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    2412           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2413           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2414           0 :       break;
    2415           0 :     }
    2416          18 :     cu_limit -= cur->compute_est;
    2417             : 
    2418             :     /* Each transaction in a bundle turns into a microblock */
    2419          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( microblock_limit==0UL ) ) {
    2420           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2421           0 :       FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, MICROBLOCK_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2422           0 :       break;
    2423           0 :     }
    2424          18 :     microblock_limit--;
    2425             : 
    2426          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD>byte_limit ) ) {
    2427           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2428           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2429           0 :       break;
    2430           0 :     }
    2431          18 :     byte_limit -= cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2432             : 
    2433          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    2434           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2435           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2436           0 :       break;
    2437           0 :     }
    2438          18 :     alloc_limit -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2439             : 
    2440          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    2441           0 :       has_conflict = 1;
    2442           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_FAST_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2443           0 :       break;
    2444           0 :     }
    2445             : 
    2446             :     /* Don't update the actual in-use bitset, because the transactions
    2447             :        in the bundle are allowed to conflict with each other. */
    2448          18 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2449          18 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2450             : 
    2451             : 
    2452          18 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2453          18 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    2454          18 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2455             : 
    2456             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2457             :        current readers */
    2458          18 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2459         108 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2460             : 
    2461          90 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2462             : 
    2463          90 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct, null_use );
    2464          90 :       ulong current_cost                  = acct_uses_query( pack->writer_costs,    acct, null_use )->total_cost;
    2465          90 :       ulong carried_cost                  = (ulong)in_bundle_temp->carried_cost;
    2466          90 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( current_cost + carried_cost + cur->compute_est > pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2467           0 :         doesnt_fit = 1;
    2468           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_WRITE_COST_IDX ]++;
    2469           0 :         break;
    2470           0 :       }
    2471             : 
    2472          90 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2473          30 :         in_bundle_temp    = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct );
    2474          30 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2475          30 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2476          30 :       }
    2477          90 :       in_bundle_temp->carried_cost += (uint)cur->compute_est; /* < 2^21, but >0 */
    2478          90 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2479          90 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2480          90 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2481          90 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2482             : 
    2483          90 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, acct, null_use )->in_use_by ) ) {
    2484           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2485           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2486           0 :         break;
    2487           0 :       }
    2488          90 :     }
    2489          18 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2490             : 
    2491             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2492             :        current writers */
    2493          18 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2494         126 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2495             : 
    2496         108 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2497         108 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2498             : 
    2499          54 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct, null_use );
    2500          54 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2501          18 :         in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct );
    2502          18 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2503          18 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2504          18 :       }
    2505          54 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2506          54 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2507          54 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2508          54 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2509             : 
    2510          54 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, null_use )->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) ) {
    2511           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2512           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2513           0 :         break;
    2514           0 :       }
    2515          54 :     }
    2516             : 
    2517          18 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2518             : 
    2519          18 :     txn_cnt++;
    2520          18 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2521          18 :   }
    2522           6 :   int retval = fd_int_if( doesnt_fit, TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT,
    2523           6 :                                       fd_int_if( has_conflict, TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS, TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS( (int)txn_cnt ) ) );
    2524             : 
    2525           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval<=0 ) ) {
    2526           0 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2527           0 :       acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ] );
    2528           0 :     }
    2529           0 :     FD_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( pack->bundle_temp_map )==0UL );
    2530             : 
    2531           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval==TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT ) ) {
    2532             :       /* Decrement the skip count for the bundle we just tried. */
    2533             : 
    2534           0 :       for( _cur=_txn0; !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    2535           0 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2536           0 :         ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2537           0 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2538             : 
    2539             :         /* See fd_pack_schedule_impl for this line */
    2540           0 :         cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number-1),
    2541           0 :               (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2542           0 :       }
    2543           0 :     }
    2544           0 :     return retval;
    2545           0 :   }
    2546             : 
    2547             :   /* This bundle passed validation, so now we'll take it! */
    2548           6 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= bank_tile_mask;
    2549             : 
    2550           6 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _end  = _cur;
    2551           6 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _next;
    2552             : 
    2553             :   /* We'll carefully incrementally construct use_by_bank and
    2554             :      use_by_bank_txn based on the contents of bundle_temp and
    2555             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt. */
    2556           6 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    2557           6 :   ulong              * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[bank_tile];
    2558           6 :   ulong cum_sum = 0UL;
    2559          24 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<txn_cnt; k++ ) { use_by_bank_txn[k] = cum_sum; cum_sum += last_use_in_txn_cnt[ k+1UL ]; }
    2560           6 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = cum_sum;
    2561             : 
    2562             : 
    2563          24 :   for( _cur=_txn0; _cur!=_end; _cur=_next ) {
    2564          18 :     _next = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2565             : 
    2566          18 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2567          18 :     fd_txn_t const    * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2568          18 :     fd_txn_p_t        * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2569          18 :     fd_memcpy( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz                                           );
    2570          18 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp),     txn,               fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2571          18 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                      = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2572          18 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2573          18 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2574          18 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                      = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2575          18 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos    = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2576          18 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                      = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2577          18 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                     = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2578          18 :     out_txnp->flags                           = cur->txn->flags;
    2579             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2580          18 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2581          18 :     fd_memcpy( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt * sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2582          18 :     out++;
    2583             : 
    2584          18 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2585          18 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2586          18 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2587          18 :     pack->microblock_cnt        += 1UL;
    2588             : 
    2589          18 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2590          18 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pack->pool );
    2591             : 
    2592          18 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2593          18 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2594          18 :     treap_idx_remove( pack->pending_bundles, _cur, pack->pool );
    2595          18 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pack->pool, _cur );
    2596          18 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2597          18 :   }
    2598             : 
    2599             : 
    2600          54 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2601             :     /* In order to clear bundle_temp_map with the typical trick, we need
    2602             :        to iterate through bundle_temp_inserted backwards. */
    2603          48 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * addr_use = bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ];
    2604             : 
    2605          48 :     int any_writers = addr_use->carried_cost>0U; /* Did any transaction in this bundle write lock this account address? */
    2606             : 
    2607          48 :     if( FD_LIKELY( any_writers ) ) { /* UNLIKELY? */
    2608          30 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_wcost_table = acct_uses_query( pack->writer_costs, addr_use->key, NULL );
    2609          30 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2610          15 :         in_wcost_table = acct_uses_insert( pack->writer_costs, addr_use->key );
    2611          15 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2612          15 :         pack->written_list[ pack->written_list_cnt ] = in_wcost_table;
    2613          15 :         pack->written_list_cnt = fd_ulong_min( pack->written_list_cnt+1UL, pack->written_list_max-1UL );
    2614          15 :       }
    2615          30 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += (ulong)addr_use->carried_cost;
    2616          30 :     }
    2617             : 
    2618             :     /* in_use_by must be set before releasing the bit reference */
    2619          48 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key, NULL );
    2620          48 :     if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2621          48 :     use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask | fd_ulong_if( any_writers, FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE, 0UL );
    2622          48 :     use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2623             : 
    2624          48 :     use_by_bank[ use_by_bank_txn[ addr_use->last_use_in-1UL ]++ ] = *use;
    2625             : 
    2626         192 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<(ulong)addr_use->ref_cnt; k++ ) {
    2627         144 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &(addr_use->key) );
    2628         144 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2629         144 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2630         144 :     }
    2631             : 
    2632          48 :     acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, addr_use );
    2633          48 :   }
    2634             : 
    2635           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2636           6 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2637             : 
    2638           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) {
    2639           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING;
    2640           0 :   }
    2641           6 :   return retval;
    2642           6 : }
    2643             : 
    2644             : 
    2645             : ulong
    2646             : fd_pack_schedule_next_microblock( fd_pack_t *  pack,
    2647             :                                   ulong        total_cus,
    2648             :                                   float        vote_fraction,
    2649             :                                   ulong        bank_tile,
    2650             :                                   int          schedule_flags,
    2651       14877 :                                   fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2652             : 
    2653             :   /* TODO: Decide if these are exactly how we want to handle limits */
    2654       14877 :   total_cus = fd_ulong_min( total_cus, pack->lim->max_cost_per_block - pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2655       14877 :   ulong vote_cus = fd_ulong_min( (ulong)((float)total_cus * vote_fraction),
    2656       14877 :                                  pack->lim->max_vote_cost_per_block - pack->cumulative_vote_cost );
    2657       14877 :   ulong vote_reserved_txns = fd_ulong_min( vote_cus/FD_PACK_MAX_SIMPLE_VOTE_COST,
    2658       14877 :                                            (ulong)((float)pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock * vote_fraction) );
    2659             : 
    2660             : 
    2661       14877 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (pack->microblock_cnt>=pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block) ) ) {
    2662           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, MICROBLOCK_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2663           0 :     return 0UL;
    2664           0 :   }
    2665       14877 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->data_bytes_consumed+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD+FD_TXN_MIN_SERIALIZED_SZ>pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block) ) {
    2666           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, DATA_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2667           0 :     return 0UL;
    2668           0 :   }
    2669             : 
    2670       14877 :   ulong * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ];
    2671             : 
    2672       14877 :   ulong cu_limit    = total_cus - vote_cus;
    2673       14877 :   ulong txn_limit   = pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock - vote_reserved_txns;
    2674       14877 :   ulong scheduled   = 0UL;
    2675       14877 :   ulong byte_limit  = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block - pack->data_bytes_consumed - MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2676       14877 :   ulong alloc_limit = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2677             : 
    2678       14877 :   sched_return_t status = {0}, status1 = {0};
    2679             : 
    2680       14877 :   if( FD_LIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_VOTE ) ) {
    2681             :     /* Schedule vote transactions */
    2682       14778 :     status1= fd_pack_schedule_impl( pack, pack->pending_votes, vote_cus, vote_reserved_txns, byte_limit, alloc_limit, bank_tile,
    2683       14778 :         pack->pending_votes_smallest, use_by_bank_txn, out+scheduled );
    2684             : 
    2685       14778 :     scheduled                   += status1.txns_scheduled;
    2686       14778 :     pack->cumulative_vote_cost  += status1.cus_scheduled;
    2687       14778 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += status1.cus_scheduled;
    2688       14778 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += status1.bytes_scheduled;
    2689       14778 :     byte_limit                  -= status1.bytes_scheduled;
    2690       14778 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += status1.alloc_scheduled;
    2691       14778 :     alloc_limit                 -= status1.alloc_scheduled;
    2692       14778 :     use_by_bank_txn             += status1.txns_scheduled;
    2693             :     /* Add any remaining CUs/txns to the non-vote limits */
    2694       14778 :     txn_limit += vote_reserved_txns - status1.txns_scheduled;
    2695       14778 :     cu_limit  += vote_cus - status1.cus_scheduled;
    2696       14778 :   }
    2697             : 
    2698             :   /* Bundle can't mix with votes, so only try to schedule a bundle if we
    2699             :      didn't get any votes. */
    2700       14877 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !!(schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_BUNDLE) & (status1.txns_scheduled==0UL) ) ) {
    2701       14724 :     int bundle_result = fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( pack, bank_tile, out );
    2702       14724 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result>0                         ) ) return (ulong)bundle_result;
    2703       14718 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result==TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS ) ) return 0UL;
    2704             :     /* in the NO_READY_BUNDLES or DOES_NOT_FIT case, we schedule like
    2705             :        normal. */
    2706             :     /* We have the early returns here because try_schedule_bundle does
    2707             :        the bookkeeping internally, since the calculations are a bit
    2708             :        different in that case. */
    2709       14718 :   }
    2710             : 
    2711             : 
    2712             :   /* Fill any remaining space with non-vote transactions */
    2713       14871 :   if( FD_LIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_TXN ) ) {
    2714       14871 :     status = fd_pack_schedule_impl( pack, pack->pending,       cu_limit, txn_limit,          byte_limit, alloc_limit, bank_tile,
    2715       14871 :         pack->pending_smallest,       use_by_bank_txn, out+scheduled );
    2716             : 
    2717       14871 :     scheduled                   += status.txns_scheduled;
    2718       14871 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += status.cus_scheduled;
    2719       14871 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += status.bytes_scheduled;
    2720       14871 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += status.alloc_scheduled;
    2721       14871 :   }
    2722             : 
    2723       14871 :   ulong nonempty = (ulong)(scheduled>0UL);
    2724       14871 :   pack->microblock_cnt              += nonempty;
    2725       14871 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= nonempty << bank_tile;
    2726       14871 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         += nonempty * MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2727             : 
    2728             :   /* Update metrics counters */
    2729       14871 :   fd_pack_metrics_write( pack );
    2730       14871 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_CU_CONSUMED, pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2731             : 
    2732       14871 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->txn_per_microblock,  scheduled              );
    2733       14871 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->vote_per_microblock, status1.txns_scheduled );
    2734             : 
    2735        4957 : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
    2736        4957 :   _mm_sfence();
    2737        4957 : #endif
    2738             : 
    2739       14871 :   return scheduled;
    2740       14877 : }
    2741             : 
    2742      274518 : ulong fd_pack_bank_tile_cnt     ( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->bank_tile_cnt;         }
    2743           0 : ulong fd_pack_current_block_cost( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->cumulative_block_cost; }
    2744             : 
    2745             : 
    2746             : void
    2747           0 : fd_pack_set_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_t const * limits ) {
    2748           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_cost_per_block      >= FD_PACK_MAX_COST_PER_BLOCK_LOWER_BOUND      );
    2749           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_vote_cost_per_block >= FD_PACK_MAX_VOTE_COST_PER_BLOCK_LOWER_BOUND );
    2750           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_write_cost_per_acct >= FD_PACK_MAX_WRITE_COST_PER_ACCT_LOWER_BOUND );
    2751             : 
    2752           0 :   pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    = limits->max_microblocks_per_block;
    2753           0 :   pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     = limits->max_data_bytes_per_block;
    2754           0 :   pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           = limits->max_cost_per_block;
    2755           0 :   pack->lim->max_vote_cost_per_block      = limits->max_vote_cost_per_block;
    2756           0 :   pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct      = limits->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    2757           0 :   pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block = limits->max_allocated_data_per_block;
    2758           0 : }
    2759             : 
    2760             : void
    2761           0 : fd_pack_get_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_usage_t * opt_limits_usage, fd_pack_limits_t * opt_limits ) {
    2762           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits_usage ) ) {
    2763           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_cost          = pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2764           0 :     opt_limits_usage->vote_cost           = pack->cumulative_vote_cost;
    2765           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_data_bytes    = pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2766           0 :     opt_limits_usage->microblocks         = pack->microblock_cnt;
    2767           0 :     opt_limits_usage->alloc               = pack->alloc_consumed;
    2768           0 :   }
    2769           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_limits, pack->lim, sizeof(fd_pack_limits_t) );
    2770           0 : }
    2771             : 
    2772             : void
    2773           0 : fd_pack_get_top_writers( fd_pack_t const * pack, fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[static FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT] ) {
    2774           0 :   fd_memcpy( top_writers, pack->top_writers, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2775           0 : }
    2776             : 
    2777             : void
    2778           0 : fd_pack_get_pending_smallest( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_smallest_t * opt_pending_smallest, fd_pack_smallest_t * opt_votes_smallest ) {
    2779           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_pending_smallest ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_pending_smallest, pack->pending_smallest,       sizeof(fd_pack_smallest_t) );
    2780           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_votes_smallest ) )   fd_memcpy( opt_votes_smallest,   pack->pending_votes_smallest, sizeof(fd_pack_smallest_t) );
    2781           0 : }
    2782             : 
    2783             : void
    2784             : fd_pack_rebate_cus( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    2785           6 :                     fd_pack_rebate_t const * rebate ) {
    2786           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (rebate->ib_result!=0) & (pack->initializer_bundle_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING ) ) ) {
    2787           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = fd_int_if( rebate->ib_result==1, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED );
    2788           0 :   }
    2789             : 
    2790           6 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  -= rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2791           6 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost   -= rebate->vote_cost_rebate;
    2792           6 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    -= rebate->data_bytes_rebate;
    2793           6 :   pack->alloc_consumed         -= rebate->alloc_rebate;
    2794           6 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus += rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2795             :   /* For now, we want to ignore the microblock count rebate.  There are
    2796             :      3 places the microblock count is kept (here, in the pack tile, and
    2797             :      in the PoH tile), and they all need to count microblocks that end
    2798             :      up being empty in the same way.  It would be better from a
    2799             :      DoS-resistance perspective for them all not to count empty
    2800             :      microblocks towards the total, but there's a race condition:
    2801             :      suppose pack schedules a microblock containing one transaction that
    2802             :      doesn't land on chain, the slot ends, and then pack informs PoH of
    2803             :      the number of microblocks before the final rebate comes through.
    2804             :      This isn't unsolvable, but it's pretty gross, so it's probably
    2805             :      better to just not apply the rebate for now. */
    2806           6 :   (void)rebate->microblock_cnt_rebate;
    2807             : 
    2808           6 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    2809          18 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<rebate->writer_cnt; i++ ) {
    2810          12 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_wcost_table = acct_uses_query( writer_costs, rebate->writer_rebates[i].key, NULL );
    2811          12 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !in_wcost_table ) ) FD_LOG_ERR(( "Rebate to unknown written account" ));
    2812          12 :     in_wcost_table->total_cost -= rebate->writer_rebates[i].rebate_cus;
    2813             :     /* Important: Even if this is 0, don't delete it from the table so
    2814             :        that the insert order doesn't get messed up. */
    2815          12 :   }
    2816           6 : }
    2817             : 
    2818             : 
    2819             : ulong
    2820             : fd_pack_expire_before( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2821          15 :                        ulong       expire_before ) {
    2822          15 :   expire_before = fd_ulong_max( expire_before, pack->expire_before );
    2823          15 :   ulong deleted_cnt = 0UL;
    2824          15 :   fd_pack_expq_t * prq = pack->expiration_q;
    2825         327 :   while( (expq_cnt( prq )>0UL) & (prq->expires_at<expire_before) ) {
    2826         312 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * expired = prq->txn;
    2827             : 
    2828             :     /* fd_pack_delete_transaction also removes it from the heap */
    2829             :     /* All the transactions in the same bundle have the same expiration
    2830             :        time, so this loop will end up deleting them all, even with
    2831             :        delete_full_bundle set to 0. */
    2832         312 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, expired, 0, 1 );
    2833         312 :     deleted_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    2834         312 :     FD_TEST( _delete_cnt );
    2835         312 :   }
    2836             : 
    2837          15 :   pack->expire_before = expire_before;
    2838          15 :   return deleted_cnt;
    2839          15 : }
    2840             : 
    2841             : void
    2842          12 : fd_pack_end_block( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2843             :   /* rounded division */
    2844          12 :   ulong pct_cus_per_block = (pack->cumulative_block_cost*100UL + (pack->lim->max_cost_per_block>>1))/pack->lim->max_cost_per_block;
    2845          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       pct_cus_per_block                                          );
    2846          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->net_cus_per_block,       pack->cumulative_block_cost                                );
    2847          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus                               );
    2848          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, pack->cumulative_rebated_cus + pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2849             : 
    2850          12 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
    2851          12 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
    2852          12 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
    2853          12 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost        = 0UL;
    2854          12 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
    2855          12 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
    2856          12 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
    2857             : 
    2858          12 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED;
    2859             : 
    2860          12 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2861          12 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2862             : 
    2863          12 :   if( FD_LIKELY( pack->written_list_cnt<pack->written_list_max-1UL ) ) {
    2864             :     /* The less dangerous way of doing this is to instead record the
    2865             :        keys we inserted and do a query followed by a delete for each
    2866             :        key.  The downside of that is that keys are 32 bytes and a
    2867             :        pointer is only 8 bytes, plus the computational cost for the
    2868             :        query.
    2869             : 
    2870             :        However, if we're careful, we can pull this off.  We require two
    2871             :        things.  First, we started from an empty map and did nothing but
    2872             :        insert and update.  In particular, no deletions.  Second, we have
    2873             :        to be careful to delete in the opposite order that we inserted.
    2874             :        This is essentially like unwinding the inserts we did.  The
    2875             :        common case is that the element after the one we delete will be
    2876             :        empty, so we'll hit that case.  It's possible that there's
    2877             :        another independent probe sequence that will be entirely intact
    2878             :        starting in the element after, but we'll never hit the MAP_MOVE
    2879             :        case. */
    2880        8151 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->written_list_cnt; i++ ) {
    2881        8139 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * writer = pack->written_list[ pack->written_list_cnt - 1UL - i ];
    2882             :       /* build a small max heap with the top writer costs */
    2883        8139 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &writer->key ) && !FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_SORT_BEFORE( pack->top_writers[ FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT-1UL ], (*writer) ) ) ) {
    2884        8109 :           pack->top_writers[ FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT-1UL ] = *writer;
    2885        8109 :           fd_pack_writer_cost_sort_insert( pack->top_writers, FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT );
    2886        8109 :       }
    2887             : 
    2888             :       /* Clearing the cost field here is unnecessary (since it gets
    2889             :          cleared on insert), but makes debugging a bit easier. */
    2890        8139 :       writer->total_cost = 0UL;
    2891        8139 :       acct_uses_remove( pack->writer_costs, writer );
    2892        8139 :     }
    2893          12 :   } else {
    2894           0 :     acct_uses_clear( pack->writer_costs );
    2895           0 :   }
    2896          12 :   pack->written_list_cnt = 0UL;
    2897             : 
    2898             :   /* compressed_slot_number is > FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, which means +1 is the
    2899             :      max unless it overflows. */
    2900          12 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = fd_ushort_max( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number+1), (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1) );
    2901             : 
    2902          12 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2903          12 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2904             : 
    2905          24 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2906             : 
    2907             :   /* If our stake is low and we don't become leader often, end_block
    2908             :      might get called on the order of O(1/hr), which feels too
    2909             :      infrequent to do anything related to metrics.  However, we only
    2910             :      update the histograms when we are leader, so this is actually a
    2911             :      good place to copy them. */
    2912          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK,  pack->txn_per_microblock  );
    2913          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK, pack->vote_per_microblock );
    2914             : 
    2915          12 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_CU_CONSUMED, 0UL                           );
    2916          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK, pack->scheduled_cus_per_block );
    2917          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK,   pack->rebated_cus_per_block   );
    2918          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK,       pack->net_cus_per_block       );
    2919          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_PCT,                 pack->pct_cus_per_block       );
    2920          12 : }
    2921             : 
    2922             : static void
    2923             : release_tree( treap_t           * treap,
    2924             :               sig2txn_t         * signature_map,
    2925             :               noncemap_t        * noncemap,
    2926           9 :               fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool ) {
    2927           9 :   treap_fwd_iter_t next;
    2928          18 :   for( treap_fwd_iter_t it=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_fwd_iter_done( it ); it=next ) {
    2929           9 :     next = treap_fwd_iter_next( it, pool );
    2930           9 :     ulong idx = treap_fwd_iter_idx( it );
    2931           9 :     pool[ idx ].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2932           9 :     treap_idx_remove       ( treap,         idx, pool );
    2933           9 :     sig2txn_idx_remove_fast( signature_map, idx, pool );
    2934           9 :     trp_pool_idx_release   ( pool,          idx       );
    2935           9 :     if( pool[ idx ].txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) {
    2936           9 :       noncemap_idx_remove_fast( noncemap, idx, pool );
    2937           9 :     }
    2938           9 :   }
    2939           9 : }
    2940             : 
    2941             : void
    2942           3 : fd_pack_clear_all( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2943           3 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt        = 0UL;
    2944           3 :   pack->microblock_cnt         = 0UL;
    2945           3 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  = 0UL;
    2946           3 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost   = 0UL;
    2947           3 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus = 0UL;
    2948           3 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    = 0UL;
    2949           3 :   pack->alloc_consumed         = 0UL;
    2950             : 
    2951           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
    2952           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
    2953           3 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->cus   = ULONG_MAX;
    2954           3 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->bytes = ULONG_MAX;
    2955             : 
    2956           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending,         pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2957           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending_votes,   pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2958           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending_bundles, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2959             : 
    2960           3 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    2961         132 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    2962         129 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pool[ i ].root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) {
    2963           0 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * const del = pack->pool + i;
    2964           0 :       fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( del->txn );
    2965           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, del->txn->payload );
    2966           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = del->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2967           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( del->root ) );
    2968           0 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    2969           0 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    2970           0 :       release_tree( penalty_treap->penalty_treap, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2971           0 :     }
    2972         129 :   }
    2973             : 
    2974           3 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
    2975             : 
    2976           3 :   expq_remove_all( pack->expiration_q );
    2977             : 
    2978           3 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2979           3 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->writer_costs );
    2980             : 
    2981           3 :   penalty_map_clear( pack->penalty_treaps );
    2982             : 
    2983           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2984           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2985           3 :   bitset_map_clear( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    2986           3 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
    2987        1027 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
    2988           3 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
    2989             : 
    2990           6 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2991           3 : }
    2992             : 
    2993             : 
    2994             : /* If delete_full_bundle is non-zero and the transaction to delete is
    2995             :    part of a bundle, the rest of the bundle it is part of will be
    2996             :    deleted as well.
    2997             :    If move_from_penalty_treap is non-zero and the transaction to delete
    2998             :    is in the pending treap, move the best transaction in any of the
    2999             :    conflicting penalty treaps to the pending treap (if there is one). */
    3000             : static ulong
    3001             : delete_transaction( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    3002             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * containing,
    3003             :                     int                 delete_full_bundle,
    3004        3951 :                     int                 move_from_penalty_treap ) {
    3005             : 
    3006        3951 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( containing->txn );
    3007        3951 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, containing->txn->payload );
    3008        3951 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = containing->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    3009             : 
    3010        3951 :   treap_t * root = NULL;
    3011        3951 :   int root_idx = containing->root;
    3012        3951 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = NULL;
    3013        3951 :   switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    3014           0 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE:           FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    3015         780 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING:        root = pack->pending;         break;
    3016           0 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE:   root = pack->pending_votes;   break;
    3017         519 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: root = pack->pending_bundles; break;
    3018        2652 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    3019        2652 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    3020        2652 :       penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    3021        2652 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    3022        2652 :       root = penalty_treap->penalty_treap;
    3023        2652 :       break;
    3024        2652 :     }
    3025        3951 :   }
    3026             : 
    3027        3951 :   ulong delete_cnt = 0UL;
    3028        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( delete_full_bundle & (root==pack->pending_bundles) ) ) {
    3029             :     /* When we delete, the structure of the treap may move around, but
    3030             :        pointers to inside the pool will remain valid */
    3031         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * bundle_ptrs[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1UL ];
    3032         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool       = pack->pool;
    3033         123 :     ulong               cnt        = 0UL;
    3034         123 :     ulong               bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( containing->rewards, containing->compute_est );
    3035             : 
    3036             :     /* Iterate in both directions from the current transaction */
    3037         123 :     for( treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( (treap_fwd_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3038         426 :         !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3039         303 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3040         303 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3041         303 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3042         303 :       } else {
    3043           0 :         break;
    3044           0 :       }
    3045         303 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3046         303 :     }
    3047             : 
    3048         123 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( (treap_rev_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3049         216 :         !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3050          93 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3051          93 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3052          93 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3053          93 :       } else {
    3054           0 :         break;
    3055           0 :       }
    3056          93 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3057          93 :     }
    3058             : 
    3059             :     /* Delete them each, setting delete_full_bundle to 0 to avoid
    3060             :        infinite recursion. */
    3061         519 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<cnt; k++ ) delete_cnt += delete_transaction( pack, bundle_ptrs[ k ], 0, 0 );
    3062         123 :   }
    3063             : 
    3064             : 
    3065        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( move_from_penalty_treap & (root==pack->pending) ) ) {
    3066             : 
    3067         774 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    3068         774 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    3069             : 
    3070         774 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3071        3399 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3072        2625 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    3073        2625 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    3074        1340 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    3075        1340 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    3076         701 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    3077         701 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    3078         701 :         }
    3079        1340 :       }
    3080        2625 :     }
    3081             : 
    3082         774 :     if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    3083             :       /* move best to the main treap */
    3084         701 :       treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    3085         701 :       best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    3086         701 :       treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    3087             : 
    3088         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    3089         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    3090             : 
    3091         701 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    3092           9 :         treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    3093           9 :         penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    3094           9 :       }
    3095         701 :     }
    3096         774 :   }
    3097             : 
    3098        3951 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    3099       38088 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3100       34137 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ) ) ) continue;
    3101             : 
    3102       29664 :     release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    3103       29664 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    3104       29664 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    3105       29664 :   }
    3106             : 
    3107        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( containing->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) {
    3108         261 :     noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, containing, pack->pool );
    3109         261 :   }
    3110        3951 :   expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, containing->expq_idx );
    3111        3951 :   containing->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    3112        3951 :   treap_ele_remove( root, containing, pack->pool );
    3113        3951 :   sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, containing, pack->pool );
    3114        3951 :   trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, containing );
    3115             : 
    3116        3951 :   delete_cnt += 1UL;
    3117        3951 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    3118             : 
    3119        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty_treap && treap_ele_cnt( root )==0UL ) ) {
    3120           0 :     penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_treap );
    3121           0 :   }
    3122             : 
    3123        3951 :   return delete_cnt;
    3124        3951 : }
    3125             : 
    3126             : ulong
    3127             : fd_pack_delete_transaction( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    3128         180 :                             fd_ed25519_sig_t const * sig0 ) {
    3129         180 :   ulong cnt = 0;
    3130         180 :   ulong next = ULONG_MAX;
    3131             : 
    3132         180 :   fd_txn_e_t query_e = {0};
    3133         180 :   fd_memcpy( query_e.txnp[0].payload, sig0, FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ );
    3134         180 :   for( ulong idx = sig2txn_idx_query_const( pack->signature_map, &query_e, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3135         336 :       idx!=ULONG_MAX; idx=next ) {
    3136             :     /* Iterating while deleting, not just this element, but perhaps the
    3137             :        whole bundle, feels a bit dangerous, but is actually fine because
    3138             :        a bundle can't contain two transactions with the same signature.
    3139             :        That means we know next is not part of the same bundle as idx,
    3140             :        which means that deleting idx will not delete next. */
    3141         156 :     next = sig2txn_idx_next_const( idx, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3142         156 :     cnt += delete_transaction( pack, pack->pool+idx, 1, 1 );
    3143         156 :   }
    3144             : 
    3145         180 :   return cnt;
    3146         180 : }
    3147             : 
    3148             : 
    3149             : int
    3150             : fd_pack_verify( fd_pack_t * pack,
    3151         435 :                 void      * scratch ) {
    3152             :   /* Invariants:
    3153             :      sig2txn_query has exact same contents as all treaps combined
    3154             :      root matches treap
    3155             :      Keys of acct_to_bitset is exactly union of all accounts in all
    3156             :             transactions in treaps, with ref counted appropriately
    3157             :      bits in bitset_avail is complement of bits allocated in
    3158             :             acct_to_bitset
    3159             :      expires_at consistent between treap, prq
    3160             :      use_by_bank does not contain duplicates
    3161             :      use_by_bank consistent with acct_in_use
    3162             :      elements in pool but not in a treap have root set to free
    3163             :      all penalty treaps have at least one transaction
    3164             :      all elements in penalty treaps are in the one that the root indicates
    3165             :      */
    3166             : 
    3167             :   /* TODO:
    3168             :      bitset_{r}w_in_use = bitset_map_query( everything in acct_in_use that doesn't have FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED )
    3169             :      bitset_w_in_use & bitset_rw_in_use == bitset_w_in_use
    3170             :      */
    3171      314708 : #define VERIFY_TEST( cond, ... ) do {   \
    3172      314708 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(cond) ) ) {      \
    3173           0 :       FD_LOG_WARNING(( __VA_ARGS__ ));  \
    3174           0 :       return -(__LINE__);               \
    3175           0 :     }                                   \
    3176      314708 :   } while( 0 )
    3177             : 
    3178         435 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack->pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
    3179         435 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap  ) );
    3180         435 :   void * _bitset_map_copy = scratch;
    3181         435 :   void * _bitset_map_orig = bitset_map_leave( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    3182         435 :   fd_memcpy( _bitset_map_copy, _bitset_map_orig, bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp ) );
    3183             : 
    3184         435 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * bitset_copy = bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_copy );
    3185             : 
    3186             :   /* Check that each bit is in exactly one place */
    3187         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( processed ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( processed );
    3188         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bit       ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit       );
    3189         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( full      ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( full      );
    3190             : 
    3191         435 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->bitset_avail[0]!=FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH ) ) return -1;
    3192      148237 :   for( ulong i=1UL; i<=pack->bitset_avail_cnt; i++ ) {
    3193      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3194      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3195      147802 :     VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ),
    3196      147802 :         "bit %hu in avail set twice", pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3197      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3198      147802 :   }
    3199             : 
    3200         435 :   ulong total_references = 0UL;
    3201    62865843 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bitset_map_slot_cnt( bitset_copy ); i++ ) {
    3202    62865408 :     if( !bitset_map_key_inval( bitset_copy[ i ].key ) ) {
    3203        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt>0UL, "account address in table with 0 ref count" );
    3204             : 
    3205        1086 :       total_references += bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt;
    3206             : 
    3207        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3208        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3209        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %hu used twice", bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3210        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3211        1086 :     }
    3212    62865408 :   }
    3213      148915 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) {
    3214      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3215      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, i );
    3216      148480 :     VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %lu missing", i );
    3217      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( full, i );
    3218      148480 :   }
    3219             : 
    3220             : 
    3221         435 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t  * pool = pack->pool;
    3222         435 :   treap_t * treaps[ 3 ] = { pack->pending, pack->pending_votes, pack->pending_bundles };
    3223         435 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    3224             : 
    3225      984012 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<3UL+penalty_map_slot_cnt( pack->penalty_treaps ); k++ ) {
    3226      983577 :     treap_t * treap = NULL;
    3227             : 
    3228      983577 :     if( k<3UL ) treap = treaps[ k ];
    3229      982272 :     else if( FD_LIKELY( penalty_map_key_inval( pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].key ) ) ) continue;
    3230           0 :     else {
    3231           0 :       treap = pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].penalty_treap;
    3232           0 :       VERIFY_TEST( treap_ele_cnt( treap )>0UL, "empty penalty treap in map" );
    3233           0 :     }
    3234             : 
    3235        1728 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur );
    3236        1305 :         _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3237         423 :       txn_cnt++;
    3238         423 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele_const( _cur, pool );
    3239         423 :       fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    3240         423 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    3241         423 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    3242             : 
    3243         423 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * in_tbl = sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &cur->_txn_e, NULL, pool );
    3244         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( in_tbl, "signature missing from sig2txn" );
    3245             : 
    3246         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( (ulong)(cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==fd_ulong_min( k, 3UL )+1UL, "treap element had bad root" );
    3247         423 :       if( FD_LIKELY( (cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY(0) ) ) {
    3248           0 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * penalty_acct = ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( cur->root ) );
    3249           0 :         VERIFY_TEST( !memcmp( penalty_acct, pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].key.b, 32UL ), "transaction in wrong penalty treap" );
    3250           0 :       }
    3251         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( cur->expires_at>=pack->expire_before, "treap element expired" );
    3252             : 
    3253         423 :       fd_pack_expq_t const * eq = pack->expiration_q + cur->expq_idx;
    3254         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->txn==cur, "expq inconsistent" );
    3255         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->expires_at==cur->expires_at, "expq expires_at inconsistent" );
    3256             : 
    3257         423 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( complement );
    3258         423 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( complement, full );
    3259         423 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3260        1413 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3261         990 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3262             : 
    3263         990 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3264         990 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3265         990 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3266         990 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3267         990 :         total_references--;
    3268             : 
    3269         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3270         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3271         990 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3272         597 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3273         597 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset  ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3274         597 :         }
    3275         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3276         990 :       }
    3277         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3278             : 
    3279         423 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    3280        1836 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3281             : 
    3282        1413 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3283        1413 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    3284         894 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3285         894 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3286         894 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3287         894 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3288         894 :         total_references--;
    3289             : 
    3290         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3291         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3292         894 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3293         879 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3294         879 :         }
    3295         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3296         894 :       }
    3297         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->rw_bitset,  cur->rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3298         423 :     }
    3299        1305 :   }
    3300             : 
    3301         435 :   bitset_map_leave( bitset_copy );
    3302         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==pack->pending_txn_cnt, "txn_cnt" );
    3303             : 
    3304         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( total_references==0UL, "extra references in bitset mapping" );
    3305         435 :   ulong sig2txn_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3306         435 :   for( sig2txn_iter_t iter = sig2txn_iter_init( pack->signature_map, pool );
    3307         858 :       !sig2txn_iter_done( iter, pack->signature_map, pool );
    3308         435 :       iter = sig2txn_iter_next( iter, pack->signature_map, pool ) ) {
    3309         423 :     sig2txn_key_cnt++;
    3310         423 :   }
    3311         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==sig2txn_key_cnt, "extra signatures in sig2txn" );
    3312         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !sig2txn_verify( pack->signature_map, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "sig2txn corrupt" );
    3313             : 
    3314             :   /* Count noncemap keys */
    3315         435 :   ulong noncemap_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3316         435 :   for( noncemap_iter_t iter = noncemap_iter_init( pack->noncemap, pool );
    3317         483 :       !noncemap_iter_done( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3318         435 :       iter = noncemap_iter_next( iter, pack->noncemap, pool ) ) {
    3319          48 :     noncemap_key_cnt++;
    3320             :     /* Ensure element is in pool */
    3321          48 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord = noncemap_iter_ele_const( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3322          48 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, "invalid entry in noncemap" );
    3323             : 
    3324             :     /* Although pack allows multiple transactions with the same
    3325             :        signature in sig2txn (MAP_MULTI==1), the noncemap checks prevent
    3326             :        multiple nonce transactions with the same signature. */
    3327          48 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord==sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &ord->_txn_e, NULL, pool ), "noncemap and sig2txn desynced" );
    3328          48 :   }
    3329         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt>=noncemap_key_cnt, "phantom txns in noncemap" );
    3330         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !noncemap_verify( pack->noncemap, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "noncemap corrupt" );
    3331             : 
    3332         435 :   ulong slots_found = 0UL;
    3333         435 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pool );
    3334      459492 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    3335      459057 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = pack->pool + i;
    3336      459057 :     if( ord->root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) slots_found++;
    3337      459057 :   }
    3338         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( slots_found==txn_cnt, "phantom slots in pool" );
    3339             : 
    3340         435 :   bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_orig );
    3341             : 
    3342         435 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = acct_uses_lg_slot_cnt( pack->acct_in_use );
    3343             : 
    3344         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_copy = scratch;
    3345         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_orig = acct_uses_leave( pack->acct_in_use );
    3346         435 :   fd_memcpy( _acct_in_use_copy, _acct_in_use_orig, acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz ) );
    3347             : 
    3348         435 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * acct_in_use_copy = acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_copy );
    3349             : 
    3350         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_complement );
    3351         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_complement );
    3352         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_complement, full );
    3353         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_complement, full );
    3354             : 
    3355         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_bitset, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    3356         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_bitset, pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    3357             : 
    3358             : 
    3359         435 :   ulong const EMPTY_MASK = ~(FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE | FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED);
    3360             : 
    3361       12240 :   for( ulong bank=0UL; bank<pack->bank_tile_cnt; bank++ ) {
    3362             : 
    3363       11805 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t const * base = pack->use_by_bank[ bank ];
    3364       11805 :     ulong bank_mask = 1UL << bank;
    3365             : 
    3366       12660 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[ bank ]; i++ ) {
    3367         855 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use_copy, base[i].key, NULL );
    3368         855 :       VERIFY_TEST( use, "acct in use by bank not in acct_in_use, or in uses_by_bank twice" );
    3369             : 
    3370         855 :       VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & bank_mask, "acct in uses_by_bank doesn't have corresponding bit set in acct_in_use, or it was in the list twice" );
    3371             : 
    3372         855 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    3373             :       /* The normal case is that the acct->bit mapping is preserved
    3374             :          while in use by other transactions in the pending list.  This
    3375             :          might not always happen though.  It's okay for the mapping to
    3376             :          get deleted while the acct is in use, which is noted with
    3377             :          BIT_CLEARED.  If that is set, the mapping may not exist, or it
    3378             :          may have been re-created, perhaps with a different bit. */
    3379         855 :       if( q==NULL ) VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED, "acct in use not in acct_to_bitset, but not marked as cleared" );
    3380           0 :       else if( !(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) {
    3381           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3382           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3383           0 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3384           0 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, rw_bitset, rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3385           0 :           if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) {
    3386           0 :             VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, w_bitset, w_bitset ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3387           0 :             FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( w_complement, q->bit );
    3388           0 :           }
    3389           0 :         }
    3390           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( rw_complement, q->bit );
    3391           0 :       }
    3392         855 :       if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) VERIFY_TEST( (use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK)==bank_mask, "writable, but in use by multiple" );
    3393             : 
    3394         855 :       use->in_use_by &= ~bank_mask;
    3395         855 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK) ) acct_uses_remove( acct_in_use_copy, use );
    3396         855 :     }
    3397       11805 :   }
    3398         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( acct_in_use_copy )==0UL, "stray uses in acct_in_use" );
    3399         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( rw_complement, rw_complement, rw_bitset,  rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3400         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY(  w_complement,  w_complement,  w_bitset,   w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3401             : 
    3402         435 :   acct_uses_leave( acct_in_use_copy );
    3403             : 
    3404         435 :   acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_orig );
    3405         435 :   return 0;
    3406         435 : }
    3407             : 
    3408           3 : void * fd_pack_leave ( fd_pack_t * pack ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return (void *)pack; }
    3409           3 : void * fd_pack_delete( void      * mem  ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return mem;          }

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