LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - disco/pack - fd_pack.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: cov.lcov Lines: 1545 1747 88.4 %
Date: 2026-09-14 04:30:10 Functions: 35 44 79.5 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : #define FD_UNALIGNED_ACCESS_STYLE 0
       2             : #include "fd_pack.h"
       3             : #include "fd_pack_cost.h"
       4             : #include "fd_pack_bitset.h"
       5             : #include "fd_pack_unwritable.h"
       6             : #include "fd_chkdup.h"
       7             : #include "fd_pack_tip_prog_blacklist.h"
       8             : #include <math.h> /* for sqrt */
       9             : #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
      10             : #include "../metrics/fd_metrics.h"
      11             : #include "../../util/fd_hash32.h"
      12             : 
      13             : #define FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY 1
      14             : 
      15             : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
      16             : #include "../../util/simd/fd_nt_memcpy.h"
      17        4504 : #define pack_memcpy_out  fd_memcpy_nt_nofence
      18        5039 : #define pack_memcpy_fini() _mm_sfence()
      19             : #else
      20        9008 : #define pack_memcpy_out  fd_memcpy
      21             : #define pack_memcpy_fini()
      22             : #endif
      23             : 
      24             : /* Declare a bunch of helper structs used for pack-internal data
      25             :    structures. */
      26             : typedef struct {
      27             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
      28             : } wrapped_acct_t;
      29             : 
      30             : /* fd_pack_ord_txn_t: An fd_txn_p_t with information required to order
      31             :    it by priority. */
      32             : struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn {
      33             :   /* It's important that there be no padding here (asserted below)
      34             :      because the code casts back and forth from pointers to this element
      35             :      to pointers to the whole struct. */
      36             :   union {
      37             :     fd_txn_p_t   txn[1];  /* txn is an alias for txn_e->txnp */
      38             :     fd_txn_e_t   txn_e[1];
      39             :     fd_txn_e_t   _txn_e;  /* Non-array type needed for map_chain */
      40             :   };
      41             : 
      42             :   /* Since this struct can be in one of several trees, it's helpful to
      43             :      store which tree.  This should be one of the FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_*
      44             :      values. */
      45             :   int root;
      46             : 
      47             :   /* The sig2txn map_chain fields */
      48             :   ushort sigmap_next;
      49             :   ushort sigmap_prev;
      50             : 
      51             :   /* Each transaction is inserted with an expiration "time."  This code
      52             :      doesn't care about the units (blocks, rdtsc tick, ns, etc.), and
      53             :      doesn't require transactions to be inserted in expiration date
      54             :      order. */
      55             :   ulong expires_at;
      56             :   /* expq_idx: When this object is part of one of the treaps, it's
      57             :      also in the expiration priority queue.  This field (which is
      58             :      manipulated behind the scenes by the fd_prq code) stores where so
      59             :      that if we delete this transaction, we can also delete it from the
      60             :      expiration priority queue. */
      61             :   ulong expq_idx;
      62             : 
      63             :   /* The noncemap map_chain fields */
      64             :   ushort noncemap_next;
      65             :   ushort noncemap_prev;
      66             : 
      67             :   /* We want rewards*compute_est to fit in a ulong so that r1/c1 < r2/c2 can be
      68             :      computed as r1*c2 < r2*c1, with the product fitting in a ulong.
      69             :      compute_est has a small natural limit of mid-20 bits. rewards doesn't have
      70             :      a natural limit, so there is some argument to be made for raising the
      71             :      limit for rewards to 40ish bits. The struct has better packing with
      72             :      uint/uint though. */
      73             :   uint                __attribute__((aligned(64))) /* We want the treap fields and the bitsets
      74             :                                                        to be on the same double cache line pair */
      75             :                rewards;     /* in Lamports */
      76             :   uint         compute_est; /* in compute units */
      77             : 
      78             :   /* The treap fields */
      79             :   ushort left;
      80             :   ushort right;
      81             :   ushort parent;
      82             :   ushort prio;
      83             :   ushort prev;
      84             :   ushort next;
      85             : 
      86             :   /* skip: if we skip this transaction more than FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT times
      87             :      for reasons that won't go away until the end of the block, then we
      88             :      want to skip it very quickly.  If skip is in [1, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT],
      89             :      then that means we have to skip it `skip` more times before taking
      90             :      any action.  If skip>FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, then it is a compressed slot
      91             :      number during which it should be skipped, and we'll skip it until
      92             :      the compressed slot reaches a new value.  skip is never 0. */
      93             :   ushort skip;
      94             : 
      95             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset ); /* all accts this txn references */
      96             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset ); /* accts this txn write-locks    */
      97             : 
      98             : };
      99             : typedef struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn fd_pack_ord_txn_t;
     100             : 
     101             : /* We require that the payload starts at byte 0 of fd_pack_ord_txn_t,
     102             :    because we cast back and forth between fd_txn_p_t* and
     103             :    fd_pack_ord_txn_t*.
     104             :    GCC and Clang seem to disagree on the rules of offsetof. */
     105             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn          )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     106             : #if FD_USING_CLANG
     107             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_txn_p_t,             payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     108             : #else
     109             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn->payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     110             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn_e->txnp  )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     111             : #endif
     112             : 
     113             : /* FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT is essentially a small union packed into an int.  The low
     114             :    byte is the "tag".  The higher 3 bytes depend on the low byte. */
     115       28599 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK        0xFF
     116     1088592 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE            0
     117       37232 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING         1
     118       29553 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE    2
     119        1425 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE  3
     120       30067 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( idx ) (4 | (idx)<<8)
     121             : 
     122             : /* if root & TAG_MASK == PENALTY, then PENALTY_ACCT_IDX(root) gives the index
     123             :    in the transaction's list of account addresses of which penalty treap the
     124             :    transaction is in. */
     125             : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root ) (((root) & 0xFF00)>>8)
     126             : 
     127      179562 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE    (0x8000000000000000UL)
     128      145615 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED (0x4000000000000000UL)
     129             : 
     130             : /* Each non-empty microblock we schedule also has an overhead of 48
     131             :    bytes that counts towards shed limits.  That comes from the 32 byte
     132             :    hash, the hash count (8 bytes) and the transaction count (8 bytes).
     133             :    We don't have to pay this overhead if the microblock is empty, since
     134             :    those microblocks get dropped. */
     135       30864 : #define MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD 48UL
     136             : 
     137             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t)==sizeof(fd_pubkey_t), "" );
     138             : 
     139             : /* fd_pack_expq_t: An element of an fd_prq to sort the transactions by
     140             :    timeout.  This structure has several invariants for entries
     141             :    corresponding to pending transactions:
     142             :      expires_at == txn->expires_at
     143             :      txn->exp_prq_idx is the index of this structure
     144             :    Notice that prq is an array-based heap, which means the indexes of
     145             :    elements change.  The PRQ_TMP_ST macro is hijacked to keep that
     146             :    invariant up to date.
     147             : 
     148             :    Note: this could be easier if fd_heap supported deleting from the
     149             :    middle, but that's not possible with the current design of fd_heap,
     150             :    which omits a parent pointer for improved performance. */
     151             : struct fd_pack_expq {
     152             :   ulong               expires_at;
     153             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn;
     154             : };
     155             : typedef struct fd_pack_expq fd_pack_expq_t;
     156             : 
     157             : 
     158             : /* fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t: An element of an fd_map_dynamic that
     159             :    maps an account address to the number of transactions that are
     160             :    referencing it and the bit that is reserved to indicate it in the
     161             :    bitset, if any. */
     162             : struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping {
     163             :   fd_acct_addr_t key; /* account address */
     164             :   ulong          ref_cnt;
     165             : 
     166             :   /* first_instance and first_instance_was_write are only valid when
     167             :      bit==FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, which is set when ref_cnt
     168             :      transitions from 0 to 1.  These just exist to implement the
     169             :      optimization that accounts referenced a single time aren't
     170             :      allocated a bit, but this seems to be an important optimization. */
     171             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * first_instance;
     172             :   int                 first_instance_was_write;
     173             : 
     174             :   /* bit is in [0, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX) U
     175             :      { FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH }. */
     176             :   ushort              bit;
     177             : };
     178             : typedef struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t;
     179             : 
     180             : 
     181             : struct fd_pack_wcost_ele {
     182             :   fd_acct_addr_t key; /* account address */
     183             :   ulong          total_cost;
     184             :   union {
     185             :     uint         map_next;
     186             :     uint         pool_next;
     187             :   };
     188             :   uint           map_prev;
     189             :   uint           dlist_next;
     190             :   uint           dlist_prev;
     191             : };
     192             : typedef struct fd_pack_wcost_ele fd_pack_wcost_ele_t;
     193             : 
     194             : 
     195             : /* pack maintains a small state machine related to initializer bundles.
     196             :    See the header file for more details about it, but it's
     197             :    also summarized here:
     198             :    * NOT_INITIALIZED: The starting state for each block
     199             :    * PENDING: an initializer bundle has been scheduled, but pack has
     200             :      not observed its result yet, so we don't know if it was successful
     201             :      or not.
     202             :    * FAILED: the most recently scheduled initializer bundle failed
     203             :      for reasons other than already being executed.  Most commonly, this
     204             :      could be because of a bug in the code that generated the
     205             :      initializer bundle, a lack of fee payer balance, or an expired
     206             :      blockhash.
     207             :    * READY: the most recently scheduled initialization bundle succeeded
     208             :      and normal bundles can be scheduled in this slot. */
     209          12 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED 0
     210           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING         1
     211           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED          2
     212         123 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           3
     213             : 
     214             : 
     215             : /* Returns 1 if x.rewards/x.compute < y.rewards/y.compute. Not robust. */
     216      127139 : #define COMPARE_WORSE(x,y) ( ((ulong)((x)->rewards)*(ulong)((y)->compute_est)) < ((ulong)((y)->rewards)*(ulong)((x)->compute_est)) )
     217             : 
     218             : /* Declare all the data structures */
     219             : 
     220             : 
     221             : /* Define the big max-"heap" that we pull transactions off to schedule.
     222             :    The priority is given by reward/compute.  We may want to add in some
     223             :    additional terms at a later point.  In order to cheaply remove nodes,
     224             :    we actually use a treap.  */
     225             : #define POOL_NAME       trp_pool
     226        1602 : #define POOL_T          fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     227             : #define POOL_IDX_T      ushort
     228      667977 : #define POOL_NEXT       parent
     229             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_pool.c"
     230             : 
     231             : #define TREAP_T         fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     232             : #define TREAP_NAME      treap
     233             : #define TREAP_QUERY_T   void *                                         /* We don't use query ... */
     234             : #define TREAP_CMP(a,b)  (__extension__({ (void)(a); (void)(b); -1; })) /* which means we don't need to give a real
     235             :                                                                           implementation to cmp either */
     236      472071 : #define TREAP_IDX_T     ushort
     237             : #define TREAP_OPTIMIZE_ITERATION 1
     238      127139 : #define TREAP_LT        COMPARE_WORSE
     239             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_treap.c"
     240             : 
     241             : 
     242             : #define MAP_NAME              sig2txn
     243             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     244             : #define MAP_MULTI              1
     245       34899 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     246       57979 : #define MAP_PREV               sigmap_prev
     247       81090 : #define MAP_NEXT               sigmap_next
     248       39675 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     249             : 
     250             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     251       68417 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     252       71635 : #define TXNE_TO_SIG(ptr)       (__extension__({ fd_txn_p_t const * __p = (ptr)->txnp; __p->payload + TXN(__p)->signature_off;  }))
     253        1072 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      (!memcmp( TXNE_TO_SIG(k0), TXNE_TO_SIG(k1), FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ) )
     254       69491 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) fd_hash( (seed), TXNE_TO_SIG(key), 64UL )
     255             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     256             : 
     257             : 
     258             : /* noncemap: A map from (nonce account, nonce authority, recent
     259             :    blockhash) to a durable nonce transaction containing it.  We only
     260             :    want to allow one transaction in the pool at a time with a given
     261             :    (nonce account, recent blockhash) tuple value.  The question is: can
     262             :    adding this limitation cause us to throw out potentially valuable
     263             :    transaction?  The answer is yes, but only very rarely, and the
     264             :    savings are worth it.  Suppose we have durable nonce transactions t1
     265             :    and t2 that advance the same nonce account and have the same value
     266             :    for the recent blockhash.
     267             : 
     268             :    - If t1 lands on chain, then it will advance the nonce account, and
     269             :    t2 will certainly not land on chain.
     270             :    - If t1 fails with AlreadyExecuted, that means the nonce account was
     271             :    advanced when t1 landed in a previous block, so t2 will certainly not
     272             :    land on chain.
     273             :    - If t1 fails with BlockhashNotFound, then the nonce account was
     274             :    advanced in some previous transaction, so again, t2 will certainly
     275             :    not land on chain.
     276             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because of an issue with the fee
     277             :    payer, it's possible that t2 could land on chain if it used a
     278             :    different fee payer, but historical data shows this is unlikely.
     279             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because it is part of a bundle that
     280             :    fails for an unrelated reason, it's possible that t2 could land on
     281             :    chain, but again, historical data says this is rare.
     282             : 
     283             :    We need to include the nonce authority in the hash to prevent one
     284             :    user from being able to DoS another user. */
     285             : 
     286             : typedef struct {
     287             :   uchar const * recent_blockhash;
     288             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_acct;
     289             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_auth;
     290             : } noncemap_extract_t;
     291             : 
     292             : /* k must be a valid, durable nonce transaction.  No error checking is
     293             :    done. */
     294             : static inline void
     295             : noncemap_extract( fd_txn_e_t const   * k,
     296        3382 :                   noncemap_extract_t * out ) {
     297        3382 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(k->txnp);
     298        3382 :   out->recent_blockhash = fd_txn_get_recent_blockhash( txn, k->txnp->payload );
     299             : 
     300        3382 :   ulong nonce_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+0 ];
     301        3382 :   ulong autho_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ];
     302             : 
     303        3382 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
     304        3382 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, k->txnp->payload );
     305        3382 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = k->alt_accts - imm_cnt;
     306        3382 :   out->nonce_acct = fd_ptr_if( nonce_idx<imm_cnt, accts, alt_adj )+nonce_idx;
     307             :   /* The nonce authority must be a signer, so it must be an immediate
     308             :      account. */
     309        3382 :   out->nonce_auth = accts+autho_idx;
     310        3382 : }
     311             : 
     312             : static inline int
     313             : noncemap_key_eq_internal( fd_txn_e_t const * k0,
     314         174 :                           fd_txn_e_t const * k1 ) {
     315         174 :   noncemap_extract_t e0[1], e1[1];
     316         174 :   noncemap_extract( k0, e0 );
     317         174 :   noncemap_extract( k1, e1 );
     318             : 
     319         174 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->recent_blockhash, e1->recent_blockhash, 32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     320          63 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_acct,       e1->nonce_acct,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     321          63 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_auth,       e1->nonce_auth,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     322          63 :   return 1;
     323          63 : }
     324             : 
     325             : #if FD_HAS_INT128
     326             : 
     327             : /* unrolled xxHash3 */
     328             : 
     329             : static inline ulong
     330             : noncemap_key_hash_internal( ulong              seed,
     331        3034 :                             fd_txn_e_t const * k ) {
     332        3034 :   noncemap_extract_t e[1];
     333        3034 :   noncemap_extract( k, e );
     334             : 
     335        3034 :   ulong k0 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->recent_blockhash+ 0 );
     336        3034 :   ulong k1 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->recent_blockhash+ 8 );
     337        3034 :   ulong k2 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->recent_blockhash+16 );
     338        3034 :   ulong k3 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->recent_blockhash+24 );
     339        3034 :   ulong k4 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   + 0 );
     340        3034 :   ulong k5 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   + 8 );
     341        3034 :   ulong k6 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   +16 );
     342        3034 :   ulong k7 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   +24 );
     343        3034 :   ulong k8 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   + 0 );
     344        3034 :   ulong k9 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   + 8 );
     345        3034 :   ulong ka = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   +16 );
     346        3034 :   ulong kb = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   +24 );
     347             : 
     348        3034 :   ulong acc = 96 * 0x9E3779B185EBCA87ULL;
     349        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k4, k5, 0xcb00c391bb52283cUL, 0xa32e531b8b65d088UL, seed );
     350        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k6, k7, 0x4ef90da297486471UL, 0xd8acdea946ef1938UL, seed );
     351        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k2, k3, 0x78e5c0cc4ee679cbUL, 0x2172ffcc7dd05a82UL, seed );
     352        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k8, k9, 0x8e2443f7744608b8UL, 0x4c263a81e69035e0UL, seed );
     353        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k0, k1, 0xbe4ba423396cfeb8UL, 0x1cad21f72c81017cUL, seed );
     354        3034 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( ka, kb, 0xdb979083e96dd4deUL, 0x1f67b3b7a4a44072UL, seed );
     355        3034 :   acc = acc ^ (acc >> 37);
     356        3034 :   acc *= 0x165667919E3779F9ULL;
     357        3034 :   acc = acc ^ (acc >> 32);
     358        3034 :   return acc;
     359        3034 : }
     360             : 
     361             : #else
     362             : 
     363             : static inline ulong
     364             : noncemap_key_hash_internal( ulong              seed,
     365             :                             fd_txn_e_t const * k ) {
     366             :   noncemap_extract_t e[1];
     367             :   noncemap_extract( k, e );
     368             : 
     369             :   uchar buf[ 96 ];
     370             :   memcpy( buf,    e->recent_blockhash, 32UL );
     371             :   memcpy( buf+32, e->nonce_acct->b,     32UL );
     372             :   memcpy( buf+64, e->nonce_auth->b,     32UL );
     373             :   return fd_hash( seed, buf, 96UL );
     374             : }
     375             : 
     376             : #endif
     377             : 
     378             : #define MAP_NAME               noncemap
     379             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     380             : #define MAP_MULTI              0
     381         375 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     382         571 : #define MAP_PREV               noncemap_prev
     383        1081 : #define MAP_NEXT               noncemap_next
     384        4190 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     385             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     386         754 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     387         174 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      noncemap_key_eq_internal( (k0), (k1) )
     388        3034 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) noncemap_key_hash_internal( (seed), (key) )
     389             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     390             : 
     391             : 
     392             : static const fd_acct_addr_t null_addr = { 0 };
     393             : 
     394             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_uses
     395      518049 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_addr_use_t
     396      632312 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     397    13429651 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     398             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     399      632312 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     400             : #else
     401             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     402             : #endif
     403      399734 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     404             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     405             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     406      517312 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     407             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     408             : 
     409             : #define MAP_NAME              wcost_map
     410        8154 : #define MAP_ELE_T             fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     411             : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     412      224791 : #define MAP_IDX_T             uint
     413       28688 : #define MAP_NEXT              map_next
     414       20397 : #define MAP_PREV              map_prev
     415             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     416       95719 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)     (!memcmp((k0)->b,(k1)->b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     417      164404 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key)->b, (s) ))
     418             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     419             : 
     420             : #define POOL_NAME             wcost_pool
     421        1068 : #define POOL_T                fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     422             : #define POOL_IDX_T            uint
     423    85468387 : #define POOL_NEXT             pool_next
     424             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_pool.c"
     425             : 
     426             : #define DLIST_NAME            wcost_dlist
     427             : #define DLIST_ELE_T           fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     428             : #define DLIST_IDX_T           uint
     429       28387 : #define DLIST_NEXT            dlist_next
     430       20236 : #define DLIST_PREV            dlist_prev
     431             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_dlist.c"
     432             : 
     433             : #define MAP_NAME              bitset_map
     434      463795 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t
     435      544878 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     436    80126523 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     437             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     438    63410286 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     439             : #else
     440             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     441             : #endif
     442      375947 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     443             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     444             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     445      462048 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     446             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     447             : 
     448             : 
     449             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_blocklist
     450      229323 : #define MAP_T                 wrapped_acct_t
     451             : /* Add 1 to the slot cnt to ensure the map is sparse even at capacity */
     452      246612 : #define MAP_LG_SLOT_CNT       (FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_LG_MAX+1)
     453      228792 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     454       17280 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     455             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     456      459126 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     457             : #else
     458             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     459             : #endif
     460      228729 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     461             : /* It would be nice if this were seeded, but since fd_map doesn't have
     462             :    any auxiliary data, there's not a clear place to store the seed.
     463             :    It's okay though, because the insert process is trusted, since it
     464             :    comes from operator config. */
     465      228783 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key)     ((uint)fd_ulong_hash( fd_ulong_load_8( (key).b ) ))
     466             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     467             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     468             : #define MAX_QUERY_OPT         2 /* rare hits */
     469             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map.c"
     470             : 
     471             : /* Since transactions can also expire, we also maintain a parallel
     472             :    priority queue.  This means elements are simultaneously part of the
     473             :    treap (ordered by priority) and the expiration queue (ordered by
     474             :    expiration).  It's tempting to use the priority field of the treap
     475             :    for this purpose, but that can result in degenerate treaps in some
     476             :    cases. */
     477             : #define PRQ_NAME             expq
     478      113535 : #define PRQ_T                fd_pack_expq_t
     479       70020 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT_T        ulong
     480       70020 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT          expires_at
     481       54690 : #define PRQ_TMP_ST(p,t)      do {                                   \
     482       54690 :                                (p)[0] = (t);                        \
     483       54690 :                                t.txn->expq_idx = (ulong)((p)-heap); \
     484       54690 :                              } while( 0 )
     485             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_prq.c"
     486             : 
     487             : /* With realistic traffic patterns, we often see many, many transactions
     488             :    competing for the same writable account.  Since only one of these can
     489             :    execute at a time, we sometimes waste lots of scheduling time going
     490             :    through them one at a time.  To combat that, when a transaction
     491             :    writes to an account with more than PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD
     492             :    references (readers or writers), instead of inserting it into the
     493             :    main treap, we insert it into a penalty treap for that specific hot
     494             :    account address.  These transactions are not immediately available
     495             :    for scheduling.  Then, when a transaction that writes to the hot
     496             :    address completes, we move the most lucrative transaction from the
     497             :    penalty treap to the main treap, making it available for scheduling.
     498             :    This policy may slightly violate the price-time priority scheduling
     499             :    approach pack normally uses: if the most lucrative transaction
     500             :    competing for hot state arrives after PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD has
     501             :    been hit, it may be scheduled second instead of first.  However, if
     502             :    the account is in use at the time the new transaction arrives, it
     503             :    will be scheduled next, as desired.  This minor difference seems
     504             :    reasonable to reduce complexity.
     505             : 
     506             :    fd_pack_penalty_treap is one account-specific penalty treap.  All the
     507             :    transactions in the penalty_treap treap write to key.
     508             : 
     509             :    penalty_map is the fd_map_dynamic that maps accounts to their
     510             :    respective penalty treaps. */
     511             : struct fd_pack_penalty_treap {
     512             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
     513             :   treap_t penalty_treap[1];
     514             : };
     515             : typedef struct fd_pack_penalty_treap fd_pack_penalty_treap_t;
     516             : 
     517             : #define MAP_NAME              penalty_map
     518       73930 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_penalty_treap_t
     519       72880 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     520     1250709 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     521             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     522     1055152 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     523             : #else
     524             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     525             : #endif
     526       72838 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     527             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     528             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     529       72859 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     530             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     531             : 
     532             : /* PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD: How many references to an account do we
     533             :    allow before subsequent transactions that write to the account go to
     534             :    the penalty treap. */
     535      174987 : #define PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD 64UL
     536             : 
     537             : 
     538             : /* FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT: How many times we'll skip a transaction (for
     539             :    reasons other than account conflicts) before we won't consider it
     540             :    until the next slot.  For performance reasons, this doesn't reset at
     541             :    the end of a slot, so e.g. we might skip twice in slot 1, then three
     542             :    times in slot 2, which would be enough to prevent considering it
     543             :    until slot 3.  The main reason this is not 1 is that some skips that
     544             :    seem permanent until the end of the slot can actually go away based
     545             :    on rebates. */
     546       38205 : #define FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT 50UL
     547             : 
     548             : /* Finally, we can now declare the main pack data structure */
     549             : struct fd_pack_private {
     550             :   ulong      pack_depth;
     551             :   ulong      bundle_meta_sz; /* if 0, bundles are disabled */
     552             :   ulong      bank_tile_cnt;
     553             : 
     554             :   fd_pack_limits_t lim[1];
     555             : 
     556             :   ulong      pending_txn_cnt; /* Summed across all treaps */
     557             :   ulong      microblock_cnt; /* How many microblocks have we
     558             :                                 generated in this block? */
     559             :   ulong      data_bytes_consumed; /* How much data is in this block so
     560             :                                      far ? */
     561             :   /* There's a limit on the total amount that transactions in a block
     562             :      can allocate.  How much of that limit have we consumed? */
     563             :   ulong      alloc_consumed;
     564             : 
     565             :   /* counters / gauge for schedule outcome enums */
     566             :   ulong      sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_CNT ];
     567             : 
     568             :   fd_rng_t * rng;
     569             : 
     570             :   ulong      cumulative_block_cost;
     571             :   ulong      cumulative_vote_cost;
     572             : 
     573             :   /* expire_before: Any transactions with expires_at strictly less than
     574             :      the current expire_before are removed from the available pending
     575             :      transaction.  Here, "expire" is used as a verb: cause all
     576             :      transactions before this time to expire. */
     577             :   ulong      expire_before;
     578             : 
     579             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask: a bitmask indicating which banking
     580             :      tiles have outstanding microblocks, i.e. fd_pack has generated a
     581             :      microblock for that banking tile and the banking tile has not yet
     582             :      notified fd_pack that it has completed it. */
     583             :   ulong      outstanding_microblock_mask;
     584             : 
     585             :   /* The actual footprint for the pool and maps is allocated
     586             :      in the same order in which they are declared immediately following
     587             :      the struct.  I.e. these pointers point to memory not far after the
     588             :      struct.  The trees are just pointers into the pool so don't take up
     589             :      more space. */
     590             : 
     591             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool;
     592             : 
     593             :   /* Treaps (sorted by priority) of pending transactions.  We store the
     594             :      pending simple votes and transactions that come from bundles
     595             :      separately. */
     596             :   treap_t pending[1];
     597             :   treap_t pending_votes[1];
     598             :   treap_t pending_bundles[1];
     599             : 
     600             :   /* penalty_treaps: an fd_map_dynamic mapping hotly contended account
     601             :      addresses to treaps of transactions that write to them.  We try not
     602             :      to allow more than roughly PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD transactions in
     603             :      the main treap that write to each account, though this is not
     604             :      exact. */
     605             :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treaps;
     606             : 
     607             :   /* initializer_bundle_state: The current state of the initialization
     608             :      bundle state machine.  One of the FD_PACK_IB_STATE_* values.  See
     609             :      the long comment in the header and the comments attached to the
     610             :      respective values for a discussion of what each state means and the
     611             :      transitions between them. */
     612             :   int   initializer_bundle_state;
     613             : 
     614             :   /* relative_bundle_idx: the number of bundles that have been inserted
     615             :      since the last time pending_bundles was empty.  See the long
     616             :      comment about encoding this index in the rewards field of each
     617             :      transaction in the bundle, and why it is important that this reset
     618             :      to 0 as frequently as possible. */
     619             :   ulong relative_bundle_idx;
     620             : 
     621             :   /* pending{_votes}_smallest: keep a conservative estimate of the
     622             :      smallest transaction (by cost units and by bytes) in each heap.
     623             :      Both CUs and bytes should be set to ULONG_MAX is the treap is
     624             :      empty. */
     625             :   fd_pack_smallest_t pending_smallest[1];
     626             :   fd_pack_smallest_t pending_votes_smallest[1];
     627             : 
     628             :   /* expiration_q: At the same time that a transaction is in exactly one
     629             :      of the above treaps, it is also in the expiration queue, sorted by
     630             :      its expiration time.  This enables deleting all transactions that
     631             :      have expired, regardless of which treap they are in. */
     632             :   fd_pack_expq_t * expiration_q;
     633             : 
     634             :   /* acct_in_use: Map from account address to bitmask indicating which
     635             :      bank tiles are using the account and whether that use is read or
     636             :      write (msb). */
     637             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   * acct_in_use;
     638             : 
     639             :   /* bitset_{w, rw}_in_use stores a subset of the information in
     640             :      acct_in_use using the compressed set format explained at the top of
     641             :      this file.  rw_in_use stores accounts in use for read or write
     642             :      while w_in_use stores only those in use for write. */
     643             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
     644             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
     645             : 
     646             :   /* writer_costs: Map (fd_map_chain) from account addresses to the sum
     647             :      of costs of transactions that write to the account.  Used for
     648             :      enforcing limits on the max write cost per account per block. */
     649             :   wcost_map_t   * writer_costs;
     650             : 
     651             :   /* written_list: At the end of every slot, we have to clear out
     652             :      writer_costs.  The map is large, but typically very sparsely
     653             :      populated.  As an optimization, we keep a doubly linked list of the
     654             :      elements actually used */
     655             :   wcost_dlist_t  written_list[1];
     656             : 
     657             :   /* writers: This is the fd_pool that backs writer_costs and
     658             :      written_list.  Each element is either in writers (as a fd_pool) OR
     659             :      in both writer_costs and written_list. */
     660             :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t  * writers;
     661             : 
     662             :   /* top_writers: A simple max heap of the top 5 writers in the slot,
     663             :      used by downstream consumers for monitoring purposes. */
     664             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[ FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT ];
     665             : 
     666             :   /* At initialization time, the caller can configure a blocklist of
     667             :      accounts.  Any transaction that includes one of these accounts will
     668             :      be rejected.  This is an fd_map, and it's effectively const. */
     669             :   wrapped_acct_t        acct_blocklist[ 2*FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ];
     670             : 
     671             :   /* Noncemap is a map_chain that maps from tuples (nonce account,
     672             :      recent blockhash value, nonce authority) to a transaction.  This
     673             :      map stores exactly the transactions in pool that have the nonce
     674             :      flag set. */
     675             :   noncemap_t * noncemap;
     676             : 
     677             :   sig2txn_t * signature_map; /* Stores pointers into pool for deleting by signature */
     678             : 
     679             :   /* bundle_temp_map: A fd_map_dynamic (although it could be an fd_map)
     680             :      used during fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle to store information about
     681             :      what accounts are used by transactions in the bundle.  It's empty
     682             :      (in a map sense) outside of calls to try_schedule_bundle, and each
     683             :      call to try_schedule_bundle clears it after use.  If bundles are
     684             :      disabled, this is a valid fd_map_dynamic, but it's as small as
     685             :      convenient and remains empty. */
     686             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_map;
     687             : 
     688             : 
     689             :   /* use_by_bank: An array of size (max_txn_per_microblock *
     690             :      FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX) for each banking tile.  Only the MSB of
     691             :      in_use_by is relevant.  Addressed use_by_bank[i][j] where i is in
     692             :      [0, bank_tile_cnt) and j is in [0, use_by_bank_cnt[i]).  Used
     693             :      mostly for clearing the proper bits of acct_in_use when a
     694             :      microblock finishes.
     695             : 
     696             :      use_by_bank_txn: indexed [i][j], where i is in [0, bank_tile_cnt)
     697             :      and j is in [0, max_txn_per_microblock).  Transaction j in the
     698             :      microblock currently scheduled to bank i uses account addresses in
     699             :      use_by_bank[i][k] where k is in [0, use_by_bank[i][j]).  For
     700             :      example, if use_by_bank[i][0] = 2 and use_by_bank[i][1] = 3, then
     701             :      all the accounts that the first transaction in the outstanding
     702             :      microblock for bank 0 uses are contained in the set
     703             :                { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1] },
     704             :      and all the accounts in the second transaction in the microblock
     705             :      are in the set
     706             :         { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1], use_by_bank[i][2] }.
     707             :      Each transaction writes to at least one account (the fee payer)
     708             :      that no other transaction scheduled to the bank uses, which means
     709             :      that use_by_bank_txn[i][j] - use_by_bank_txn[i][j-1] >= 1 (with 0
     710             :      for use_by_bank_txn[i][-1]).  This means we can stop iterating when
     711             :      use_by_bank_txn[i][j] == use_by_bank_cnt[i].  */
     712             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank    [ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     713             :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     714             :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     715             : 
     716             :   fd_histf_t txn_per_microblock [ 1 ];
     717             :   fd_histf_t vote_per_microblock[ 1 ];
     718             : 
     719             :   fd_histf_t scheduled_cus_per_block[ 1 ];
     720             :   fd_histf_t rebated_cus_per_block  [ 1 ];
     721             :   fd_histf_t net_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     722             :   fd_histf_t pct_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     723             :   ulong      cumulative_rebated_cus;
     724             : 
     725             : 
     726             :   /* compressed_slot_number: a number in (FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, USHORT_MAX]
     727             :      that advances each time we start packing for a new slot. */
     728             :   ushort     compressed_slot_number;
     729             : 
     730             :   /* bitset_avail: a stack of which bits are not currently reserved and
     731             :      can be used to represent an account address.
     732             :      Indexed [0, bitset_avail_cnt].  Element 0 is fixed at
     733             :      FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH. */
     734             :   ushort bitset_avail[ 1UL+FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ];
     735             :   ulong  bitset_avail_cnt;
     736             : 
     737             :   /* acct_to_bitset: an fd_map_dynamic that maps acct addresses to the
     738             :      reference count, which bit, etc. */
     739             :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * acct_to_bitset;
     740             : 
     741             :   /* chdkup: scratch memory chkdup needs for its internal processing */
     742             :   fd_chkdup_t chkdup[ 1 ];
     743             : 
     744             :   /* bundle_meta: an array, parallel to the pool, with each element
     745             :      having size bundle_meta_sz.  I.e. if pool[i] has an associated
     746             :      bundle meta, it's located at bundle_meta[j] for j in
     747             :      [i*bundle_meta_sz, (i+1)*bundle_meta_sz). */
     748             :   void * bundle_meta;
     749             : };
     750             : 
     751             : typedef struct fd_pack_private fd_pack_t;
     752             : 
     753             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof(fd_pack_t, pending_txn_cnt)==FD_PACK_PENDING_TXN_CNT_OFF, txn_cnt_off );
     754             : 
     755             : /* Forward-declare some helper functions */
     756             : static ulong delete_transaction( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn, int delete_full_bundle, int move_from_penalty_treap );
     757             : static inline void insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t * pack, ulong bundle_idx, ulong txn_cnt, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle, ulong expires_at );
     758             : 
     759             : FD_FN_PURE ulong
     760             : fd_pack_footprint( ulong                    pack_depth,
     761             :                    ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     762             :                    ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     763         525 :                    fd_pack_limits_t const * limits         ) {
     764         525 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (bank_tile_cnt==0) | (bank_tile_cnt>FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES) ) ) return 0UL;
     765         525 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack_depth<4UL ) ) return 0UL;
     766             : 
     767         525 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     768         525 :   ulong l;
     769         525 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL ); /* space for use between init and fini */
     770         525 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     771         525 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     772         525 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     773         525 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     774         525 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     775             : 
     776         525 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     777         525 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     778         525 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     779         525 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     780         525 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     781         525 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     782             : 
     783             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     784         525 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     785         525 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     786         525 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     787         525 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     788             : 
     789         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_INIT;
     790         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                               );
     791         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align (),   trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth   ) ); /* pool           */
     792         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp         ) ); /* penalty_treaps */
     793         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, expq_align     (),   expq_footprint     ( pack_depth               ) ); /* expiration prq */
     794         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz           ) ); /* acct_in_use    */
     795         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, wcost_map_align(),   wcost_map_footprint( wcost_chain_cnt          ) ); /* writer_costs   */
     796         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, wcost_pool_align(),  wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block         ) ); /* writers        */
     797         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, noncemap_align (),   noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt          ) ); /* noncemap       */
     798         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align  (),   sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt            ) ); /* signature_map  */
     799         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp           ) ); /* bundle_temp_map*/
     800         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight   ); /* use_by_bank    */
     801         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                 ); /* use_by_bank_txn*/
     802         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp          ) ); /* acct_to_bitset */
     803         525 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz         ); /* bundle_meta */
     804         525 :   return FD_LAYOUT_FINI( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN );
     805         525 : }
     806             : 
     807             : void *
     808             : fd_pack_new( void                   * mem,
     809             :              ulong                    pack_depth,
     810             :              ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     811             :              ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     812             :              fd_pack_limits_t const * limits,
     813             :              fd_acct_addr_t const *   acct_blocklist,
     814             :              ulong                    acct_blocklist_cnt,
     815         540 :              fd_rng_t               * rng           ) {
     816             : 
     817         540 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     818         540 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     819         540 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     820         540 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     821         540 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     822         540 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     823         540 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     824             : 
     825         540 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     826         540 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     827         540 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     828         540 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     829         540 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     830         540 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     831             : 
     832             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     833         540 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     834         540 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     835         540 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     836         540 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     837             : 
     838         540 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     839         540 :   fd_pack_t * pack    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                             );
     840             :   /* The pool has one extra element that is used between insert_init and
     841             :      cancel/fini. */
     842         540 :   void * _pool        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  trp_pool_align(),    trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth ) );
     843         540 :   void * _penalty_map = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp       ) );
     844         540 :   void * _expq        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  expq_align(),        expq_footprint     ( pack_depth             ) );
     845         540 :   void * _uses        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz         ) );
     846         540 :   void * _writer_cost = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  wcost_map_align(),   wcost_map_footprint( wcost_chain_cnt        ) );
     847         540 :   void * _written_lst = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  wcost_pool_align(),  wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block       ) );
     848         540 :   void * _noncemap    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  noncemap_align(),    noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt        ) );
     849         540 :   void * _sig_map     = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  sig2txn_align(),     sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt          ) );
     850         540 :   void * _bundle_temp = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp         ) );
     851         540 :   void * _use_by_bank = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight );
     852         540 :   void * _use_by_txn  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight               );
     853         540 :   void * _acct_bitset = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp        ) );
     854         540 :   void * bundle_meta  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz       );
     855             : 
     856         540 :   pack->pack_depth                  = pack_depth;
     857         540 :   pack->bundle_meta_sz              = bundle_meta_sz;
     858         540 :   pack->bank_tile_cnt               = bank_tile_cnt;
     859         540 :   pack->lim[0]                      = *limits;
     860         540 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt             = 0UL;
     861         540 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
     862         540 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
     863         540 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
     864         540 :   memset( pack->sched_results, 0, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
     865         540 :   pack->rng                         = rng;
     866         540 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
     867         540 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost        = 0UL;
     868         540 :   pack->expire_before               = 0UL;
     869         540 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
     870         540 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
     871             : 
     872         540 :   acct_blocklist_new( pack->acct_blocklist );
     873         540 :   int ins_failed = acct_blocklist_cnt>FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX;
     874         606 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (!ins_failed) & (i<acct_blocklist_cnt); i++ ) {
     875          66 :     ins_failed |= acct_blocklist_key_inval( acct_blocklist[i] ) ||
     876          66 :                   (NULL==acct_blocklist_insert( pack->acct_blocklist, acct_blocklist[i] ));
     877          66 :   }
     878         540 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ins_failed ) ) {
     879           6 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "constructing the account blocklist failed.  Ensure the list contains no more than %lu "
     880           6 :                      "entries, and does not contain duplicates or the System Program (11...111)", FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ));
     881           6 :     return NULL;
     882           6 :   }
     883             : 
     884         534 :   trp_pool_new(  _pool,        pack_depth+extra_depth );
     885             : 
     886         534 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool = trp_pool_join( _pool );
     887         534 :   treap_seed( pool, pack_depth+extra_depth, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     888      594792 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack_depth+extra_depth; i++ ) pool[i].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
     889             : 
     890         534 :   (void)trp_pool_leave( pool );
     891             : 
     892         534 :   penalty_map_new( _penalty_map, lg_penalty_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     893             : 
     894             :   /* These treaps can have at most pack_depth elements at any moment,
     895             :      but they come from a pool of size pack_depth+extra_depth. */
     896         534 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending,         pack_depth+extra_depth );
     897         534 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending_votes,   pack_depth+extra_depth );
     898         534 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending_bundles, pack_depth+extra_depth );
     899             : 
     900         534 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
     901         534 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
     902         534 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->cus   = ULONG_MAX;
     903         534 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->bytes = ULONG_MAX;
     904             : 
     905         534 :   expq_new( _expq, pack_depth );
     906             : 
     907         534 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
     908         534 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
     909             : 
     910         534 :   acct_uses_new( _uses,        lg_uses_tbl_sz, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     911         534 :   acct_uses_new( _bundle_temp, lg_bundle_temp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     912             : 
     913         534 :   wcost_map_new  ( _writer_cost, wcost_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     914         534 :   wcost_dlist_new( pack->written_list                                 );
     915         534 :   wcost_pool_new ( _written_lst, max_w_per_block                      );
     916             : 
     917         534 :   noncemap_new( _noncemap, nonce_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     918             : 
     919         534 :   sig2txn_new( _sig_map, sig_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     920             : 
     921         534 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = (fd_pack_addr_use_t *)_use_by_bank;
     922         534 :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn = (ulong *)_use_by_txn;
     923        6765 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) {
     924        6231 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = use_by_bank + i*(FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX*max_txn_per_mblk+1UL);
     925        6231 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     926        6231 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = use_by_bank_txn + i*max_txn_per_mblk;
     927        6231 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i][0] = 0UL;
     928        6231 :   }
     929       27411 :   for( ulong i=bank_tile_cnt; i<FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES; i++ ) {
     930       26877 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = NULL;
     931       26877 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     932       26877 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = NULL;
     933       26877 :   }
     934             : 
     935         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->txn_per_microblock,  FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ),
     936         534 :                                            FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ) );
     937         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->vote_per_microblock, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK ),
     938         534 :                                            FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK ) );
     939             : 
     940         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ),
     941         534 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ) );
     942         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK   ),
     943         534 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK   ) );
     944         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->net_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK       ),
     945         534 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK       ) );
     946         534 :   fd_histf_new( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_PCT       ),
     947         534 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_PCT       ) );
     948             : 
     949         534 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
     950             : 
     951         534 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
     952      182806 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
     953         534 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
     954             : 
     955         534 :   bitset_map_new( _acct_bitset, lg_acct_in_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     956             : 
     957         534 :   fd_chkdup_new( pack->chkdup, rng );
     958             : 
     959         534 :   pack->bundle_meta = bundle_meta;
     960             : 
     961         534 :   return mem;
     962         540 : }
     963             : 
     964             : fd_pack_t *
     965         534 : fd_pack_join( void * mem ) {
     966         534 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     967         534 :   fd_pack_t * pack  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN, sizeof(fd_pack_t) );
     968             : 
     969         534 :   int enable_bundles = !!pack->bundle_meta_sz;
     970         534 :   ulong pack_depth             = pack->pack_depth;
     971         534 :   ulong extra_depth            = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     972         534 :   ulong bank_tile_cnt          = pack->bank_tile_cnt;
     973         534 :   ulong max_txn_per_microblock = fd_ulong_max( pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock,
     974         534 :                                                fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     975             : 
     976         534 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     977         534 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_microblock + 1UL);
     978         534 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_microblock;
     979         534 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( pack->lim->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     980         534 :                                            max_txn_per_microblock * pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     981         534 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     982         534 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     983         534 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     984         534 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     985             : 
     986         534 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     987         534 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     988         534 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     989         534 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     990             : 
     991             : 
     992         534 :   pack->pool          = trp_pool_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align(),   trp_pool_footprint   ( pack_depth+extra_depth  ) ) );
     993         534 :   pack->penalty_treaps= penalty_map_join(FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(),penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp          ) ) );
     994         534 :   pack->expiration_q  = expq_join    (   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, expq_align(),       expq_footprint       ( pack_depth              ) ) );
     995         534 :   pack->acct_in_use   = acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_uses_tbl_sz          ) ) );
     996         534 :   pack->writer_costs  = wcost_map_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, wcost_map_align(),  wcost_map_footprint  ( wcost_chain_cnt         ) ) );
     997         534 :   pack->writers       = wcost_pool_join( FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, wcost_pool_align(), wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block          ) ) );
     998         534 :   pack->noncemap      = noncemap_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, noncemap_align(),   noncemap_footprint   ( nonce_chain_cnt         ) ) );
     999         534 :   pack->signature_map = sig2txn_join(    FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align(),    sig2txn_footprint    ( sig_chain_cnt           ) ) );
    1000         534 :   pack->bundle_temp_map=acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_bundle_temp          ) ) );
    1001         534 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight      );
    1002         534 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                    );
    1003         534 :   pack->acct_to_bitset= bitset_map_join( FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(), bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp           ) ) );
    1004         534 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 64UL,               (pack_depth+extra_depth)*pack->bundle_meta_sz      );
    1005             : 
    1006         534 :   wcost_dlist_join( pack->written_list );
    1007             : 
    1008         534 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_CAPACITY, pack->pack_depth );
    1009         534 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    1010             : 
    1011         534 :   return pack;
    1012         534 : }
    1013             : 
    1014             : 
    1015             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success for a vote, 2 on success for a
    1016             :    non-vote. */
    1017             : static int
    1018             : fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( fd_txn_e_t             * txne,
    1019             :                                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t      * out,
    1020       37794 :                                       fd_pack_limits_t const * lim ) {
    1021       37794 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1022       37794 :   ulong sig_rewards = FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * txn->signature_cnt; /* Easily in [5000, 635000] */
    1023             : 
    1024       37794 :   ulong requested_execution_cus;
    1025       37794 :   ulong priority_rewards;
    1026       37794 :   ulong precompile_sigs;
    1027       37794 :   ulong requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost;
    1028       37794 :   ulong allocated_data;
    1029       37794 :   ulong cost_estimate = fd_pack_compute_cost( txn, txne->txnp->payload, &txne->txnp->flags, &requested_execution_cus, &priority_rewards, &precompile_sigs, &requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost, &allocated_data );
    1030             : 
    1031       37794 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !cost_estimate ) ) return 0;
    1032             : 
    1033             :   /* precompile_sigs <= 16320, so after the addition,
    1034             :      sig_rewards < 83,000,000 */
    1035       37791 :   sig_rewards += FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * precompile_sigs;
    1036       37791 :   sig_rewards = sig_rewards * FD_PACK_TXN_FEE_BURN_PCT / 100UL;
    1037             : 
    1038             :   /* No fancy CU estimation in this version of pack
    1039             :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<(ulong)txn->instr_cnt; i++ ) {
    1040             :     uchar prog_id_idx = txn->instr[ i ].program_id;
    1041             :     fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txnp->payload ) + (ulong)prog_id_idx;
    1042             :   }
    1043             :   */
    1044       37791 :   out->rewards                              = (priority_rewards < (UINT_MAX - sig_rewards)) ? (uint)(sig_rewards + priority_rewards) : UINT_MAX;
    1045       37791 :   out->compute_est                          = (uint)cost_estimate;
    1046       37791 :   out->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = (uint)(requested_execution_cus + requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1047       37791 :   out->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = (uint)(cost_estimate - requested_execution_cus - requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1048       37791 :   out->txn->pack_alloc                      = (uint)allocated_data;
    1049             : 
    1050             :   /* If a transaction allocates a lot, we want to treat it as if it
    1051             :      requests more CUs.  However, we use compute_est in the block
    1052             :      limit calculations, so we can't touch it.  To have the same
    1053             :      effect, we decrease rewards.
    1054             :      divisor is 1 unless
    1055             :             allocated_data                       cost_estimate
    1056             :       ----------------------------    >=       ------------------
    1057             :       max_allocated_data_per_block             max_cost_per_block
    1058             : 
    1059             :      0       <=allocated_data      <=20 * 1024^2
    1060             :      30*10^6 <= max_cost_per_block < 2^32
    1061             :      1020    <= cost_estimate      < 1.6 * 10^6
    1062             :      50*10^6 <= max_allocated_data_per_block <= 100 * 1000^2
    1063             :                 (changes with the slot time duration)
    1064             :      So the numerator (<2^57) and denominator (<2^48) can't overflow.
    1065             :      Both cost_estimate and max_allocated_data_per_block non-zero,
    1066             :      so the denominator is never zero.
    1067             :      1 <= divisor <= 1 + (max_cost_per_block * .000206)
    1068             :      */
    1069       37791 :   ulong divisor = 1UL + (allocated_data * lim->max_cost_per_block) / (cost_estimate * lim->max_allocated_data_per_block);
    1070       37791 :   out->rewards /= (uint)divisor;
    1071             : 
    1072       37791 :   return fd_int_if( txne->txnp->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_IS_SIMPLE_VOTE, 1, 2 );
    1073       37794 : }
    1074             : 
    1075             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 if not a durable nonce transaction, and 2 if
    1076             :    it is.  FIXME: These return codes are set to harmonize with
    1077             :    estimate_rewards_and_compute but -1/0/1 makes a lot more sense to me.
    1078             :    */
    1079             : static int
    1080       37788 : fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( fd_txn_e_t * txne ) {
    1081       37788 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1082             : 
    1083             :   /* First instruction invokes system program with 4 bytes of
    1084             :      instruction data with the little-endian value 4.  It also has 3
    1085             :      accounts: the nonce account, recent blockhashes sysvar, and the
    1086             :      nonce authority.  It seems like technically the nonce authority may
    1087             :      not need to be passed in, but we disallow that.  We also allow
    1088             :      trailing data and trailing accounts.  We want to organize the
    1089             :      checks somewhat to minimize cache misses. */
    1090       37788 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr_cnt==0            ) ) return 1;
    1091       37788 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].data_sz<4UL  ) ) return 1;
    1092       37788 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_cnt<3UL ) ) return 1; /* It seems like technically 2 is allowed, but never used */
    1093        8034 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( fd_uint_load_4( txne->txnp->payload + txn->instr[ 0 ].data_off )!=4U ) ) return 1;
    1094             :   /* The program has to be a static account */
    1095        1155 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txne->txnp->payload );
    1096        1155 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_memeq( accts[ txn->instr[ 0 ].program_id ].b, null_addr.b, 32UL       ) ) ) return 1;
    1097        1155 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_txn_is_signer( txn, txne->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ] ) ) ) return 0;
    1098             :   /* We could check recent blockhash, but it's not necessary */
    1099        1152 :   return 2;
    1100        1155 : }
    1101             : 
    1102             : /* Can the fee payer afford to pay a transaction with the specified
    1103             :    price?  Returns 1 if so, 0 otherwise.  This is just a stub that
    1104             :    always returns 1 for now, and the real check is deferred to the bank
    1105             :    tile.  In general, this function can't be totally accurate, because
    1106             :    the transactions immediately prior to this one can affect the balance
    1107             :    of this fee payer, but a simple check here may be helpful for
    1108             :    reducing spam. */
    1109             : static int
    1110             : fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr,
    1111       37782 :                               ulong                  price /* in lamports */) {
    1112       37782 :   (void)acct_addr;
    1113       37782 :   (void)price;
    1114       37782 :   return 1;
    1115       37782 : }
    1116             : 
    1117             : 
    1118             : 
    1119             : 
    1120             : 
    1121       35850 : fd_txn_e_t * fd_pack_insert_txn_init(   fd_pack_t * pack                   ) { return trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool )->txn_e; }
    1122           0 : void         fd_pack_insert_txn_cancel( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_txn_e_t * txn ) { trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)txn ); }
    1123             : 
    1124          24 : #define REJECT( reason ) do {                                       \
    1125          24 :                            trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord ); \
    1126          24 :                            return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ ## reason; \
    1127          24 :                          } while( 0 )
    1128             : 
    1129             : /* These require txn, accts, and alt_adj to be defined as per usual */
    1130       30067 : #define ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( idx ) (__extension__( {                                               \
    1131       30067 :       ulong __idx = (ulong)(idx);                                                              \
    1132       30067 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1133       30067 :       }))
    1134     1384527 : #define ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) (__extension__( {                                             \
    1135     1384527 :       ulong __idx = fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );                                              \
    1136     1384527 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1137     1384527 :       }))
    1138             : 
    1139             : 
    1140             : /* Tries to find the worst transaction in any treap in pack.  If that
    1141             :    transaction's score is worse than or equal to threshold_score, it
    1142             :    initiates a delete and returns the number of deleted transactions
    1143             :    (potentially more than 1 for a bundle).  If it's higher than
    1144             :    threshold_score, it returns 0.  To force this function to delete the
    1145             :    worst transaction if there are any eligible ones, pass FLT_MAX as
    1146             :    threshold_score. */
    1147             : static inline ulong
    1148             : delete_worst( fd_pack_t * pack,
    1149             :               float       threshold_score,
    1150        3081 :               int         is_vote ) {
    1151             :   /* If the tree is full, we want to see if this is better than the
    1152             :      worst element in the pool before inserting.  If the new transaction
    1153             :      is better than that one, we'll delete it and insert the new
    1154             :      transaction. Otherwise, we'll throw away this transaction.
    1155             : 
    1156             :      We want to bias the definition of "worst" here to provide better
    1157             :      quality of service.  For example, if the pool is filled with
    1158             :      transactions that all write to the same account or are all votes,
    1159             :      we want to bias towards treating one of those transactions as the
    1160             :      worst, even if they pay slightly higher fees per computer unit,
    1161             :      since we know we won't actually be able to schedule them all.
    1162             : 
    1163             :      This is a tricky task, however.  All our notions of priority and
    1164             :      better/worse are based on static information about the transaction,
    1165             :      and there's not an easy way to take into account global
    1166             :      information, for example, how many other transactions contend with
    1167             :      this one.  One idea is to build a heap (not a treap, since we only
    1168             :      need pop-min, insert, and delete) with one element for each element
    1169             :      in the pool, with a "delete me" score that's related but not
    1170             :      identical to the normal score.  This would allow building in some
    1171             :      global information.  The downside is that the global information
    1172             :      that gets integrated is static.  E.g. if you bias a transaction's
    1173             :      "delete me" score to make it more likely to be deleted because
    1174             :      there are many conflicting transactions in the pool, the score
    1175             :      stays biased, even if the global conditions change (unless you come
    1176             :      up with some complicated re-scoring scheme).  This can work, since
    1177             :      when the pool is full, the global bias factors are unlikely to
    1178             :      change significantly at the relevant timescales.
    1179             : 
    1180             :      However, rather than this, we implement a simpler probabilistic
    1181             :      scheme.  We'll sample M transactions, find the worst transaction in
    1182             :      each of the M treaps, compute a "delete me" score for those <= M
    1183             :      transactions, and delete the worst.  If one penalty treap is
    1184             :      starting to get big, then it becomes very likely that the random
    1185             :      sample will find it and choose to delete a transaction from it.
    1186             : 
    1187             :      The exact formula for the "delete me" score should be the matter of
    1188             :      some more intense quantitative research.  For now, we'll just use
    1189             :      this:
    1190             : 
    1191             :      Treap with N transactions        Scale Factor
    1192             :      Pending                      1.0 unless inserting a vote and votes < 25%
    1193             :      Pending votes                1.0 until 75% of depth, then 0
    1194             :      Penalty treap                1.0 at <= 100 transactions, then sqrt(100/N)
    1195             :      Pending bundles              inf (since the rewards value is fudged)
    1196             : 
    1197             :      We'll also use M=8. */
    1198             : 
    1199        3081 :   float worst_score = FLT_MAX;
    1200        3081 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * worst = NULL;
    1201       27729 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<8UL; i++ ) {
    1202       24648 :     uint  pool_max = (uint)trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    1203       24648 :     ulong sample_i = fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, pool_max );
    1204             : 
    1205       24648 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * sample = &pack->pool[ sample_i ];
    1206             :     /* Presumably if we're calling this, the pool is almost entirely
    1207             :        full, so the probability of choosing a free one is small.  If
    1208             :        it does happen, find the first one that isn't free. */
    1209       26119 :     while( FD_UNLIKELY( sample->root==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) sample = &pack->pool[ (++sample_i)%pool_max ];
    1210             : 
    1211       24648 :     int       root_idx   = sample->root;
    1212       24648 :     float     multiplier = 0.0f; /* The smaller this is, the more biased we'll be to deleting it */
    1213       24648 :     treap_t * treap;
    1214       24648 :     switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    1215           0 :       default:
    1216           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE: {
    1217           0 :         FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    1218           0 :         return ULONG_MAX; /* Can't be hit */
    1219           0 :       }
    1220        3392 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING: {
    1221        3392 :         treap = pack->pending;
    1222        3392 :         ulong vote_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes );
    1223        3392 :         if( FD_LIKELY( !is_vote || (vote_cnt>=pack->pack_depth/4UL ) ) ) multiplier = 1.0f;
    1224        3392 :         break;
    1225           0 :       }
    1226           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE: {
    1227           0 :         treap = pack->pending_votes;
    1228           0 :         ulong vote_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes );
    1229           0 :         if( FD_LIKELY( is_vote || (vote_cnt<=3UL*pack->pack_depth/4UL ) ) ) multiplier = 1.0f;
    1230           0 :         break;
    1231           0 :       }
    1232           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: {
    1233             :         /* We don't have a way to tell how much these actually pay in
    1234             :            rewards, so we just assume they are very high. */
    1235           0 :         treap = pack->pending_bundles;
    1236             :         /* We cap rewards at UINT_MAX lamports for estimation, and min
    1237             :            CUs is about 1000, which means rewards/compute < 5e6.
    1238             :            FLT_MAX is around 3e38. That means, 1e20*rewards/compute is
    1239             :            much less than FLT_MAX, so we won't have any issues with
    1240             :            overflow.  On the other hand, if rewards==1 lamport and
    1241             :            compute is 2 million CUs, 1e20*1/2e6 is still higher than any
    1242             :            normal transaction. */
    1243           0 :         multiplier = 1e20f;
    1244           0 :         break;
    1245           0 :       }
    1246       21256 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    1247       21256 :         fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( sample->txn );
    1248       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, sample->txn->payload );
    1249       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = sample->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1250       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    1251       21256 :         fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1252       21256 :         FD_TEST( q );
    1253       21256 :         ulong cnt = treap_ele_cnt( q->penalty_treap );
    1254       21256 :         treap = q->penalty_treap;
    1255             : 
    1256       21256 :         multiplier = sqrtf( 100.0f / (float)fd_ulong_max( 100UL, cnt ) );
    1257       21256 :         break;
    1258       21256 :       }
    1259       24648 :     }
    1260             :     /* Get the worst from the sampled treap */
    1261       24648 :     treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pack->pool );
    1262       24648 :     FD_TEST( !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ) ); /* It can't be empty because we just sampled an element from it. */
    1263       24648 :     sample = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1264             : 
    1265       24648 :     float score = multiplier * (float)sample->rewards / (float)sample->compute_est;
    1266       24648 :     worst = fd_ptr_if( score<worst_score, sample, worst );
    1267       24648 :     worst_score = fd_float_if( worst_score<score, worst_score, score );
    1268       24648 :   }
    1269             : 
    1270        3081 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !worst                      ) ) return 0;
    1271        3081 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( threshold_score<worst_score ) ) return 0;
    1272             : 
    1273        3081 :   return delete_transaction( pack, worst, 1, 1 );
    1274        3081 : }
    1275             : 
    1276             : static inline int
    1277             : validate_transaction( fd_pack_t               * pack,
    1278             :                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord,
    1279             :                       fd_txn_t          const * txn,
    1280             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * accts,
    1281             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * alt_adj,
    1282       37782 :                       int                       check_bundle_blacklist ) {
    1283       37782 :   int writes_to_sysvar = 0;
    1284       37782 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1285      129159 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1286       91377 :     writes_to_sysvar |= fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    1287       91377 :   }
    1288             : 
    1289       37782 :   int bundle_blacklist = 0;
    1290       37782 :   int acct_blocklist   = 0;
    1291       37782 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    1292      268050 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1293      230268 :     bundle_blacklist |= (3==fd_pack_tip_prog_check_blacklist( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ));
    1294             :     /* querying for the inval key is a violation of the fd_map
    1295             :        contract, even though it's actually fine... */
    1296      230268 :     acct_blocklist   |= (!acct_blocklist_key_inval( *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) )) &&
    1297      230268 :                         !!acct_blocklist_query( pack->acct_blocklist, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    1298      230268 :   }
    1299             : 
    1300       37782 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt     = ord->txn_e->alt_accts;
    1301       37782 :   fd_chkdup_t * chkdup = pack->chkdup;
    1302       37782 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1303       37782 :   ulong alt_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALT );
    1304             : 
    1305             :   /* Throw out transactions ... */
    1306             :   /*           ... that are unfunded */
    1307       37782 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( accts, ord->rewards    ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_UNAFFORDABLE;
    1308             :   /*           ... that are so big they'll never run */
    1309       37782 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->compute_est >= pack->lim->max_cost_per_block       ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_TOO_LARGE;
    1310             :   /*           ... that load too many accounts (ignoring 9LZdXeKGeBV6hRLdxS1rHbHoEUsKqesCC2ZAPTPKJAbK) */
    1311       37782 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL )>64UL     ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCOUNT_CNT;
    1312             :   /*           ... that duplicate an account address */
    1313       37779 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_chkdup_check( chkdup, accts, imm_cnt, alt, alt_cnt ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_DUPLICATE_ACCT;
    1314             :   /*           ... that try to write to a sysvar */
    1315       37776 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( writes_to_sysvar                                        ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_WRITES_SYSVAR;
    1316             :   /*           ... that use an account that violates bundle rules */
    1317       37683 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_blacklist & !!check_bundle_blacklist             ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_BUNDLE_BLACKLIST;
    1318             :   /*           ... that use a blocklisted account */
    1319       37683 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_blocklist                                          ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCT_BLOCKLIST;
    1320             : 
    1321       37668 :   return 0;
    1322       37683 : }
    1323             : 
    1324             : 
    1325             : 
    1326             : /* returns cumulative penalty "points", i.e. the sum of the populated
    1327             :    section of penalties (which also tells the caller how much of the
    1328             :    array is populated. */
    1329             : static inline ulong
    1330             : populate_bitsets( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    1331             :                   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord,
    1332             :                   ushort              penalties  [ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ],
    1333       36618 :                   uchar               penalty_idx[ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] ) {
    1334       36618 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->rw_bitset );
    1335       36618 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->w_bitset  );
    1336             : 
    1337       36618 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(ord->txn);
    1338       36618 :   uchar * payload  = ord->txn->payload;
    1339             : 
    1340       36618 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1341             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1342             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1343             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1344       36618 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1345             : 
    1346       36618 :   ulong  cumulative_penalty = 0UL;
    1347       36618 :   ulong  penalty_i          = 0UL;
    1348             : 
    1349       36618 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1350      123312 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1351       86694 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1352       86694 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1353       86694 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1354       62482 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1355       62482 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1356       62482 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1357       62482 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 1;
    1358       62482 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1359       62482 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1360        1844 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1361        1844 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1362             : 
    1363        1844 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1364        1844 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1365        1844 :     }
    1366       86694 :     ulong penalty = fd_ulong_max( q->ref_cnt, PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD )-PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD;
    1367       86694 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty ) ) {
    1368       17667 :       penalties  [ penalty_i ] = (ushort)penalty;
    1369       17667 :       penalty_idx[ penalty_i ] = (uchar )fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );
    1370       17667 :       penalty_i++;
    1371       17667 :       cumulative_penalty += penalty;
    1372       17667 :     }
    1373             : 
    1374       86694 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1375       86694 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1376       86694 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->w_bitset , q->bit );
    1377       86694 :   }
    1378             : 
    1379       36618 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    1380      169617 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1381             : 
    1382      132999 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1383      132999 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    1384             : 
    1385       81615 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1386       81615 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1387       23781 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1388       23781 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1389       23781 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1390       23781 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 0;
    1391       23781 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1392       57834 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1393        3723 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1394        3723 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1395             : 
    1396        3723 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1397        3723 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1398        3723 :     }
    1399             : 
    1400       81615 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1401       81615 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1402       81615 :   }
    1403       36618 :   return cumulative_penalty;
    1404       36618 : }
    1405             : 
    1406             : int
    1407             : fd_pack_insert_txn_fini( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    1408             :                          fd_txn_e_t * txne,
    1409             :                          ulong        expires_at,
    1410       35850 :                          ulong      * delete_cnt ) {
    1411       35850 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1412             : 
    1413       35850 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)txne;
    1414             : 
    1415       35850 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1416       35850 :   uchar * payload  = txne->txnp->payload;
    1417             : 
    1418       35850 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1419             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1420             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1421             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1422       35850 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1423             : 
    1424       35850 :   ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1425             : 
    1426       35850 :   int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( txne, ord, pack->lim );
    1427       35850 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !est_result ) ) REJECT( ESTIMATION_FAIL );
    1428       35847 :   int is_vote          = est_result==1;
    1429             : 
    1430       35847 :   int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( txne );
    1431       35847 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) REJECT( INVALID_NONCE );
    1432       35844 :   int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1433       35844 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE;
    1434       35844 :   ord->txn->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, 0U );
    1435             : 
    1436       35844 :   int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !!pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1437       35844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) {
    1438         114 :     trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord );
    1439         114 :     return validation_result;
    1440         114 :   }
    1441             : 
    1442             :   /* Reject any transactions that have already expired */
    1443       35730 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( expires_at<pack->expire_before                          ) ) REJECT( EXPIRED          );
    1444             : 
    1445       35718 :   int replaces = 0;
    1446             :   /* If it's a durable nonce and we already have one, delete one or the
    1447             :      other. */
    1448       35718 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1449         120 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, txne, NULL, pack->pool );
    1450         120 :     if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) { /* Seems like most nonce transactions are effectively duplicates */
    1451           9 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce->root == FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE || COMPARE_WORSE( ord, same_nonce ) ) ) REJECT( NONCE_PRIORITY );
    1452           3 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 ); /* Not a bundle, so delete_full_bundle is 0 */
    1453           3 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1454           3 :       replaces = 1;
    1455           3 :     }
    1456         120 :   }
    1457             : 
    1458       35712 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt == pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1459        3072 :     float threshold_score = (float)ord->rewards/(float)ord->compute_est;
    1460        3072 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, threshold_score, is_vote );
    1461        3072 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1462        3072 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) REJECT( PRIORITY );
    1463        3072 :     replaces = 1;
    1464        3072 :   }
    1465             : 
    1466       35712 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1467       35712 :   ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1468             : 
    1469             :   /* At this point, we know we have space to insert the transaction and
    1470             :      we've committed to insert it. */
    1471             : 
    1472             :   /* Since the pool uses ushorts, the size of the pool is < USHORT_MAX.
    1473             :      Each transaction can reference an account at most once, which means
    1474             :      that the total number of references for an account is < USHORT_MAX.
    1475             :      If these were ulongs, the array would be 512B, which is kind of a
    1476             :      lot to zero out.*/
    1477       35712 :   ushort penalties[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] = {0};
    1478       35712 :   uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1479       35712 :   ulong cumulative_penalty = populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1480             : 
    1481       35712 :   treap_t * insert_into = pack->pending;
    1482             : 
    1483       35712 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( cumulative_penalty && !is_vote ) ) { /* Optimize for high parallelism case */
    1484             :     /* Compute a weighted random choice */
    1485        6159 :     ulong roll = (ulong)fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, (uint)cumulative_penalty ); /* cumulative_penalty < USHORT_MAX*64 < UINT_MAX */
    1486        6159 :     ulong i = 0UL;
    1487             :     /* Find the right one.  This can be done in O(log N), but I imagine
    1488             :        N is normally so small that doesn't matter. */
    1489       11941 :     while( roll>=penalties[i] ) roll -= (ulong)penalties[i++];
    1490             : 
    1491        6159 :     fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( penalty_idx[i] );
    1492        6159 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1493        6159 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1494          21 :       q = penalty_map_insert( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct );
    1495          21 :       treap_new( q->penalty_treap, trp_pool_max( pack->pool ) );
    1496          21 :     }
    1497        6159 :     insert_into = q->penalty_treap;
    1498        6159 :     ord->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( penalty_idx[i] );
    1499       29553 :   } else {
    1500       29553 :     ord->root = fd_int_if( is_vote, FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE, FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING );
    1501             : 
    1502       29553 :     fd_pack_smallest_t * smallest = fd_ptr_if( is_vote, &pack->pending_votes_smallest[0], pack->pending_smallest );
    1503       29553 :     smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( smallest->cus,   ord->compute_est       );
    1504       29553 :     smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( smallest->bytes, txne->txnp->payload_sz );
    1505       29553 :   }
    1506             : 
    1507       35712 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1508             : 
    1509       35712 :   sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1510             : 
    1511       35712 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1512             : 
    1513       35712 :   fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1514       35712 :   expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1515             : 
    1516       35712 :   if( FD_LIKELY( is_vote ) ) insert_into = pack->pending_votes;
    1517             : 
    1518       35712 :   treap_ele_insert( insert_into, ord, pack->pool );
    1519       35712 :   return (is_vote) | (replaces<<1) | (is_durable_nonce<<2);
    1520       35712 : }
    1521             : #undef REJECT
    1522             : 
    1523             : fd_txn_e_t * const *
    1524             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_init( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1525             :                             fd_txn_e_t *       * bundle,
    1526         501 :                             ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1527         501 :   FD_TEST( txn_cnt<=FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE  );
    1528         501 :   FD_TEST( trp_pool_free( pack->pool )>=txn_cnt );
    1529        2448 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) bundle[ i ] = trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool )->txn_e;
    1530         501 :   return bundle;
    1531         501 : }
    1532             : 
    1533             : void
    1534             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1535             :                               fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1536         249 :                               ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1537             :   /* There's no real reason these have to be released in reverse, but it
    1538             :      seems fitting to release them in the opposite order they were
    1539             :      acquired. */
    1540        1290 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL-i ] );
    1541         249 : }
    1542             : 
    1543             : /* Explained below */
    1544             : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1545             : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1546         627 : #define RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( r, c ) (BUNDLE_N - ((ulong)(r) * 1UL<<32)/((ulong)(c) * BUNDLE_L_PRIME))
    1547             : 
    1548             : int
    1549             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_fini( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1550             :                             fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1551             :                             ulong                txn_cnt,
    1552             :                             ulong                expires_at,
    1553             :                             int                  initializer_bundle,
    1554             :                             void         const * bundle_meta,
    1555         501 :                             ulong              * delete_cnt ) {
    1556             : 
    1557         501 :   int err = 0;
    1558         501 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1559             : 
    1560         501 :   ulong pending_b_txn_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1561             :     /* We want to prevent bundles from consuming the whole treap, but in
    1562             :        general, we assume bundles are lucrative.  We'll set the policy
    1563             :        on capping bundles at half of the pack depth.  We assume that the
    1564             :        bundles are coming in a pre-prioritized order, so it doesn't make
    1565             :        sense to drop an earlier bundle for this one.  That means that
    1566             :        really, the best thing to do is drop this one. */
    1567         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (!initializer_bundle)&(pending_b_txn_cnt+txn_cnt>pack->pack_depth/2UL) ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1568             : 
    1569         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( expires_at<pack->expire_before                                         ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_EXPIRED;
    1570             : 
    1571             : 
    1572         501 :   int   replaces      = 0;
    1573         501 :   ulong nonce_txn_cnt = 0UL;
    1574             : 
    1575             :   /* Collect nonce hashes to detect duplicate nonces.
    1576             :      Use a constant-time duplicate-detection algorithm -- Vacant entries
    1577             :      have the MSB set, occupied entries are the noncemap hash, with the
    1578             :      MSB set to 0. */
    1579         501 :   ulong nonce_hash63[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ];
    1580        3006 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; i++ ) {
    1581        2505 :     nonce_hash63[ i ] = ULONG_MAX-i;
    1582        2505 :   }
    1583             : 
    1584        2439 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (i<txn_cnt) && !err; i++ ) {
    1585        1944 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[ i ];
    1586             : 
    1587        1944 :     fd_txn_t const * txn     = TXN(bundle[ i ]->txnp);
    1588        1944 :     uchar    const * payload = bundle[ i ]->txnp->payload;
    1589             : 
    1590        1944 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1591        1944 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1592             : 
    1593        1944 :     int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( bundle[ i ], ord, pack->lim );
    1594        1944 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( est_result==0 ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ESTIMATION_FAIL;  break; }
    1595             :     /* Votes not allowed in bundles */
    1596        1944 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( est_result==1 ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_BUNDLE_BLACKLIST; break; }
    1597        1941 :     int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( ord->txn_e );
    1598        1941 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_INVALID_NONCE;    break; }
    1599        1941 :     int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1600        1941 :     nonce_txn_cnt += !!is_durable_nonce;
    1601             : 
    1602        1941 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE;
    1603        1941 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE);
    1604        1941 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( initializer_bundle, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE, 0U );
    1605        1941 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce,   FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE,      0U );
    1606        1941 :     ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1607        1941 :     ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1608             : 
    1609        1941 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1610        1032 :       nonce_hash63[ i ] = noncemap_key_hash( ord->txn_e, pack->noncemap->seed ) & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL;
    1611        1032 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, ord->txn_e, NULL, pack->pool );
    1612        1032 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) {
    1613             :         /* bundles take priority over non-bundles, and earlier bundles
    1614             :            take priority over later bundles. */
    1615           6 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( same_nonce->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE ) ) {
    1616           3 :           err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_PRIORITY;
    1617           3 :           break;
    1618           3 :         } else {
    1619           3 :           ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 );
    1620           3 :           *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1621           3 :           replaces = 1;
    1622           3 :         }
    1623           6 :       }
    1624        1032 :     }
    1625             : 
    1626        1938 :     int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !initializer_bundle );
    1627        1938 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) { err = validation_result; break; }
    1628        1938 :   }
    1629             : 
    1630         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( err ) ) {
    1631           6 :     fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1632           6 :     return err;
    1633           6 :   }
    1634             : 
    1635         495 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( initializer_bundle && pending_b_txn_cnt>0UL ) ) {
    1636           0 :     treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1637           0 :     FD_TEST( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) );
    1638           0 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1639           0 :     int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1640             : 
    1641             :     /* Delete the previous IB if there is one */
    1642           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib && 0UL==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    1643           0 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, cur, 1, 0 );
    1644           0 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1645           0 :     }
    1646           0 :   }
    1647             : 
    1648         504 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt+txn_cnt > pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1649           9 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, FLT_MAX, 0 );
    1650           9 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1651           9 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) {
    1652           0 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1653           0 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1654           0 :     }
    1655           9 :     replaces = 1;
    1656           9 :   }
    1657             : 
    1658         495 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !pending_b_txn_cnt ) ) {
    1659         495 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1660         495 :   }
    1661             : 
    1662         495 :   if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_meta ) ) {
    1663           0 :     memcpy( (uchar *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)((fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[0]-pack->pool)*pack->bundle_meta_sz, bundle_meta, pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1664           0 :   }
    1665             : 
    1666         495 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( nonce_txn_cnt>1UL ) ) {
    1667             :     /* Do a ILP-friendly duplicate detect, naive O(n^2) algo.  With max
    1668             :        5 txns per bundle, this requires 10 comparisons.  ~ 25 cycle.  */
    1669         375 :     uint conflict_detected = 0u;
    1670        1875 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1; i++ ) {
    1671        5250 :       for( ulong j=i+1; j<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; j++ ) {
    1672        3750 :         ulong const ele_i = nonce_hash63[ i ];
    1673        3750 :         ulong const ele_j = nonce_hash63[ j ];
    1674        3750 :         conflict_detected |= (ele_i==ele_j);
    1675        3750 :       }
    1676        1500 :     }
    1677         375 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflict_detected ) ) {
    1678         243 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1679         243 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_CONFLICT;
    1680         243 :     }
    1681         375 :   }
    1682             : 
    1683             :   /* We put bundles in a treap just like all the other transactions, but
    1684             :      we actually want to sort them in a very specific order; the order
    1685             :      within the bundle is determined at bundle creation time, and the
    1686             :      order among the bundles is FIFO.  However, it's going to be a pain
    1687             :      to use a different sorting function for this treap, since it's
    1688             :      fixed as part of the treap creation for performance.  Don't fear
    1689             :      though; we can pull a cool math trick out of the bag to shoehorn
    1690             :      the order we'd like into the sort function we need, and to get even
    1691             :      more.
    1692             : 
    1693             :      Recall that the sort function is r_i/c_i, smallest to largest,
    1694             :      where r_i is the rewards and c_i is the cost units.  r_i and c_i
    1695             :      are both uints, and the comparison is done by cross-multiplication
    1696             :      as ulongs.  We actually use the c_i value for testing if
    1697             :      transactions fit, etc.  so let's assume that's fixed, and we know
    1698             :      it's in the range [1020, 1,551,570].
    1699             : 
    1700             :      This means, if c_0, c_1, ... c_4 are the CU costs of the
    1701             :      transactions in the first bundle, we require r_0/c_0 > r_1/c_1 >
    1702             :      ... > r_4/c_4.  Then, if c_5, ... c_9 are the CU costs of the
    1703             :      transactions in the second bundle, we also require that r_4/c_4 >
    1704             :      r_5/c_5.  For convenience, we'll impose a slightly stronger
    1705             :      constraint: we want the kth bundle to obey L*(N-k) <= r_i/c_i <
    1706             :      L*(N+1-k), for fixed constants L and N, real and integer,
    1707             :      respectively, that we'll determine. For example, this means r_4/c_4
    1708             :      >= L*N > r_5/c_5.  This enables us to group the transactions in the
    1709             :      same bundle more easily.
    1710             : 
    1711             :      For convenience in the math below, we'll set j=N-k and relabel the
    1712             :      transactions from the jth bundle c_0, ... c_4.
    1713             :      From above, we know that Lj <= r_4/c_4.  We'd like to make it as
    1714             :      close as possible given that r_4 is an integers.  Thus, put
    1715             :      r_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj ).  r_4 is clearly an integer, and it satisfies
    1716             :      the required inequality because:
    1717             :             r_4/c_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj)/c_4 >= c_4*Lj / c_4 >= Lj.
    1718             : 
    1719             :      Following in the same spirit, put r_3 = ceil( c_3 * (r_4+1)/c_4 ).
    1720             :      Again, r_3 is clearly an integer, and
    1721             :                 r_3/c_3  = ceil(c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4)/c_3
    1722             :                         >= (c_3*(r_4+1))/(c_3 * c_4)
    1723             :                         >= r_4/c_4 + 1/c_4
    1724             :                         >  r_4/c_4.
    1725             :      Following the pattern, we put
    1726             :                 r_2 = ceil( c_2 * (r_3+1)/c_3 )
    1727             :                 r_1 = ceil( c_1 * (r_2+1)/c_2 )
    1728             :                 r_0 = ceil( c_0 * (r_1+1)/c_1 )
    1729             :      which work for the same reason that as r_3.
    1730             : 
    1731             :      We now need for r_0 to satisfy the final inequality with L, and
    1732             :      we'll use this to guide our choice of L.  Theoretically, r_0 can be
    1733             :      expressed in terms of L, j, and c_0, ... c_4, but that's a truly
    1734             :      inscrutible expression.  Instead, we need some bounds so we can get
    1735             :      rid of all the ceil using the property that x <= ceil(x) < x+1.
    1736             :                      c_4 * Lj <= r_4 < c_4 * Lj + 1
    1737             :      The lower bound on r_3 is easy:
    1738             :          r_3 >= c_3 * (c_4 * Lj + 1)/c_4 = c_3 * Lj + c_3/c_4
    1739             :      For the upper bound,
    1740             :          r_3 < 1 + c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4 < 1 + c_3*(c_4*Lj+1 + 1)/c_4
    1741             :                                    = 1 + c_3 * Lj + 2*c_3/c_4
    1742             :      Continuing similarly gives
    1743             :        c_2*Lj +                     c_2/c_3 + c_2/c_4 <= r_2
    1744             :        c_1*Lj +           c_1/c_2 + c_1/c_c + c_1/c_4 <= r_1
    1745             :        c_0*Lj + c_0/c_1 + c_0/c_2 + c_0/c_3 + c_0/c_4 <= r_0
    1746             :      and
    1747             :        r_2 < 1 + c_2*Lj +                       2c_2/c_3 + 2c_2/c_4
    1748             :        r_1 < 1 + c_1*Lj +            2c_1/c_2 + 2c_1/c_3 + 2c_1/c_4
    1749             :        r_0 < 1 + c_0*Lj + 2c_0/c_1 + 2c_0/c_2 + 2c_0/c_3 + 2c_0/c_4.
    1750             : 
    1751             :      Setting L(j+1)>=(1 + c_0*Lj+2c_0/c_1+2c_0/c_2+2c_0/c_3+2c_0/c_4)/c_0
    1752             :      is then sufficient to ensure the whole sequence of 5 fits between Lj
    1753             :      and L(j+1).  Simplifying gives
    1754             :               L<= 1/c_0 + 2/c_1 + 2/c_2 + 2/c_3 + 2/c_4
    1755             :      but L must be a constant and not depend on individual values of c_i,
    1756             :      so, given that c_i >= 1020, we set L = 9/1020.
    1757             : 
    1758             :      Now all that remains is to determine N.  It's a bit unfortunate
    1759             :      that we require N, since it limits our capacity, but it's necessary
    1760             :      in any system that tries to compute priorities to enforce a FIFO
    1761             :      order.  If we've inserted more than N bundles without ever having
    1762             :      the bundle treap go empty, we'll briefly break the FIFO ordering as
    1763             :      we underflow.
    1764             : 
    1765             :      Thus, we'd like to make N as big as possible, avoiding overflow.
    1766             :      r_0, ..., r_4 are all uints, and taking the bounds from above,
    1767             :      given that for any i, i' c_i/c_{i'} <= 1551570/1020 < 1522, we have
    1768             :                r_i < 1 + 1551570 * Lj + 8*1522.
    1769             :      To avoid overflow, we assert the right-hand side is < 2^32, which
    1770             :      implies N <= 313721.
    1771             : 
    1772             :      We want to use a fixed point representation for L so that the
    1773             :      entire computation can be done with integer arithmetic.  We can do
    1774             :      the arithmetic as ulongs, which means defining L' >= L * 2^s, and
    1775             :      we compute ceil( c_4*Lj ) as floor( (c_4 * L' * j + 2^s - 1)/2^s ),
    1776             :      so c_4 * L' * j + 2^s should fit in a ulong.  With j<=N, this gives
    1777             :      s<=32, so we set s=32, which means L' = 37896771 >= 9/1020 * 2^32.
    1778             :      Note that 1 + 1551570 * L' * N + 8*1522 + 2^32 is approximately
    1779             :      2^63.999992.
    1780             : 
    1781             :      Note that this is all checked by a proof of the code translated
    1782             :      into Z3.  Unfortunately CBMC was too slow to prove this code
    1783             :      directly. */
    1784         252 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MIN_TXN_COST==   1020UL, adjust_constants );
    1785         252 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_COST==1551570UL, adjust_constants );
    1786         879 : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1787         879 : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1788             : 
    1789         252 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->relative_bundle_idx>BUNDLE_N ) ) {
    1790           0 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "Too many bundles inserted without allowing pending bundles to go empty. "
    1791           0 :                      "Ordering of bundles may be incorrect." ));
    1792           0 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1793           0 :   }
    1794         252 :   ulong bundle_idx = fd_ulong_if( initializer_bundle, 0UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1795         252 :   insert_bundle_impl( pack, bundle_idx, txn_cnt, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t * *)bundle, expires_at );
    1796             :   /* if IB this is max( 1, x ), which is x.  Otherwise, this is max(x,
    1797             :      x+1) which is x++ */
    1798         252 :   pack->relative_bundle_idx = fd_ulong_max( bundle_idx+1UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1799             : 
    1800         252 :   return (0) | (replaces<<1) | ((!!nonce_txn_cnt)<<2);
    1801         495 : }
    1802             : static inline void
    1803             : insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t           * pack,
    1804             :                     ulong                 bundle_idx,
    1805             :                     ulong                 txn_cnt,
    1806             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle,
    1807         252 :                     ulong                 expires_at ) {
    1808         252 :   ulong prev_reward = ((BUNDLE_L_PRIME * (BUNDLE_N - bundle_idx))) - 1UL;
    1809         252 :   ulong prev_cost = 1UL<<32;
    1810             : 
    1811             :   /* Assign last to first */
    1812        1158 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) {
    1813         906 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL - i ];
    1814         906 :     ord->rewards = (uint)(((ulong)ord->compute_est * (prev_reward + 1UL) + prev_cost-1UL)/prev_cost);
    1815         906 :     ord->root    = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE;
    1816         906 :     prev_reward = ord->rewards;
    1817         906 :     prev_cost   = ord->compute_est;
    1818             : 
    1819             :     /* The penalty information isn't used for bundles. */
    1820         906 :     ushort penalties  [ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1821         906 :     uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1822         906 :     populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1823             : 
    1824         906 :     treap_ele_insert( pack->pending_bundles, ord, pack->pool );
    1825         906 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1826             : 
    1827         906 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1828         906 :     sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1829             : 
    1830         906 :     fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1831         906 :     expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1832         906 :   }
    1833             : 
    1834         252 : }
    1835             : 
    1836             : void const *
    1837           0 : fd_pack_peek_bundle_meta( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1838           0 :   int ib_state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    1839           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED) ) ) return NULL;
    1840             : 
    1841           0 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1842           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return NULL; /* empty */
    1843             : 
    1844           0 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1845           0 :   int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1846           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) return NULL;
    1847             : 
    1848           0 :   return (void const *)((uchar const *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)_cur * pack->bundle_meta_sz);
    1849           0 : }
    1850             : 
    1851             : void
    1852         123 : fd_pack_set_initializer_bundles_ready( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    1853         123 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY;
    1854         123 : }
    1855             : 
    1856             : void
    1857           0 : fd_pack_metrics_write( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1858           0 :   ulong pending_regular = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending        );
    1859           0 :   ulong pending_votes  = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_votes   );
    1860           0 :   ulong pending_bundle = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1861           0 :   ulong conflicting    = pack->pending_txn_cnt - pending_votes - pending_bundle - treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending );
    1862           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_ALL,         pack->pending_txn_cnt       );
    1863           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_REGULAR,     pending_regular             );
    1864           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_VOTES,       pending_votes               );
    1865           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_CONFLICTING, conflicting                 );
    1866           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_AVAILABLE_BUNDLES,     pending_bundle              );
    1867           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_SMALLEST_CU,   pack->pending_smallest->cus );
    1868           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_CU_CONSUMED,         pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    1869             : 
    1870           0 :   FD_MCNT_ENUM_COPY( PACK, TXN_SCHEDULED, pack->sched_results );
    1871           0 : }
    1872             : 
    1873             : void
    1874           0 : fd_pack_get_sched_metrics( fd_pack_t const * pack, ulong * metrics ) {
    1875           0 :   fd_memcpy( metrics, pack->sched_results, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
    1876           0 : }
    1877             : 
    1878             : typedef struct {
    1879             :   ushort clear_rw_bit;
    1880             :   ushort clear_w_bit;
    1881             : } release_result_t;
    1882             : 
    1883             : static inline release_result_t
    1884             : release_bit_reference( fd_pack_t            * pack,
    1885      164397 :                        fd_acct_addr_t const * acct ) {
    1886             : 
    1887      164397 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, *acct, NULL );
    1888      164397 :   FD_TEST( q ); /* q==NULL not be possible */
    1889             : 
    1890      164397 :   q->ref_cnt--;
    1891             : 
    1892      164397 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->ref_cnt==0UL ) ) {
    1893       82474 :     ushort bit = q->bit;
    1894       82474 :     bitset_map_remove( pack->acct_to_bitset, q );
    1895       82474 :     if( FD_LIKELY( bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) ) pack->bitset_avail[ ++(pack->bitset_avail_cnt) ] = bit;
    1896             : 
    1897       82474 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    1898       82474 :     if( FD_LIKELY( use ) ) {
    1899       78007 :       use->in_use_by |= FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    1900       78007 :       release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = bit,
    1901       78007 :                                .clear_w_bit = fd_ushort_if( !!(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE), bit, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) };
    1902       78007 :       return ret;
    1903       78007 :     }
    1904       82474 :   }
    1905       86390 :   release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX, .clear_w_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX };
    1906       86390 :   return ret;
    1907      164397 : }
    1908             : 
    1909             : typedef struct {
    1910             :   ulong cus_scheduled;
    1911             :   ulong txns_scheduled;
    1912             :   ulong bytes_scheduled;
    1913             :   ulong alloc_scheduled;
    1914             : } sched_return_t;
    1915             : 
    1916             : static inline sched_return_t
    1917             : fd_pack_schedule_impl( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1918             :                        treap_t            * sched_from,
    1919             :                        ulong                cu_limit,
    1920             :                        ulong                txn_limit,
    1921             :                        ulong                byte_limit,
    1922             :                        ulong                alloc_limit,
    1923             :                        ulong                bank_tile,
    1924             :                        fd_pack_smallest_t * smallest_in_treap,
    1925             :                        ulong              * use_by_bank_txn,
    1926       29769 :                        fd_txn_e_t         * out ) {
    1927       29769 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) {
    1928       14960 :     sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled = 0UL, .txns_scheduled = 0UL, .bytes_scheduled = 0UL };
    1929       14960 :     return to_return;
    1930       14960 :   }
    1931             : 
    1932       14809 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t   * pool         = pack->pool;
    1933       14809 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t  * acct_in_use  = pack->acct_in_use;
    1934       14809 :   wcost_map_t         * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    1935       14809 :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writers      = pack->writers;
    1936       14809 :   wcost_dlist_t       * written_list = pack->written_list;
    1937             : 
    1938       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    1939       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    1940       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    1941       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    1942             : 
    1943       14809 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    1944       14809 :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt = pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile];
    1945             : 
    1946       14809 :   ulong max_write_cost_per_acct = pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    1947             : 
    1948       14809 :   ushort compressed_slot_number = pack->compressed_slot_number;
    1949             : 
    1950       14809 :   ulong txns_scheduled  = 0UL;
    1951       14809 :   ulong cus_scheduled   = 0UL;
    1952       14809 :   ulong bytes_scheduled = 0UL;
    1953       14809 :   ulong alloc_scheduled = 0UL;
    1954             : 
    1955       14809 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    1956             : 
    1957       14809 :   ulong fast_path     = 0UL;
    1958       14809 :   ulong slow_path     = 0UL;
    1959       14809 :   ulong cu_limit_c    = 0UL;
    1960       14809 :   ulong byte_limit_c  = 0UL;
    1961       14809 :   ulong alloc_limit_c = 0UL;
    1962       14809 :   ulong write_limit_c = 0UL;
    1963       14809 :   ulong skip_c        = 0UL;
    1964             : 
    1965       14809 :   ulong min_cus   = ULONG_MAX;
    1966       14809 :   ulong min_bytes = ULONG_MAX;
    1967             : 
    1968       14809 :   treap_rev_iter_t prev = treap_idx_null();
    1969      246396 :   for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( sched_from, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=prev ) {
    1970             :     /* Capture next so that we can delete while we iterate. */
    1971      234451 :     prev = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    1972             : 
    1973      234451 : #   if FD_HAS_X86
    1974      234451 :     _mm_prefetch( &(pool[ prev ].prev),      _MM_HINT_T0 );
    1975      234451 : #   endif
    1976             : 
    1977      234451 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    1978             : 
    1979      234451 :     min_cus   = fd_ulong_min( min_cus,   cur->compute_est     );
    1980      234451 :     min_bytes = fd_ulong_min( min_bytes, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    1981             : 
    1982      234451 :     ulong conflicts = 0UL;
    1983             : 
    1984      234451 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    1985             :       /* Too big to be scheduled at the moment, but might be okay for
    1986             :          the next microblock, so we don't want to delay it. */
    1987           0 :       cu_limit_c++;
    1988           0 :       continue;
    1989           0 :     }
    1990             : 
    1991      234451 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    1992             :       /* We don't want to consider this until the next block, but
    1993             :          checking alloc is as cheap as checking cur->skip, so there's
    1994             :          not a big difference. */
    1995          18 :       alloc_limit_c++;
    1996          18 :       continue;
    1997          18 :     }
    1998             : 
    1999             :     /* Likely? Unlikely? */
    2000      234433 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    2001      204013 :       fast_path++;
    2002      204013 :       continue;
    2003      204013 :     }
    2004             : 
    2005       30420 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->skip==compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    2006           0 :       skip_c++;
    2007           0 :       continue;
    2008           0 :     }
    2009             : 
    2010             :     /* If skip>FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP but not compressed_slot_number, it means
    2011             :        it's the compressed slot number of a previous slot.  We don't
    2012             :        care unless we're going to update the value though, so we don't
    2013             :        need to eagerly reset it to FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP.
    2014             :        compressed_slot_number is a ushort, so it's possible for it to
    2015             :        roll over, but the transaction lifetime is much shorter than
    2016             :        that, so it won't be a problem. */
    2017             : 
    2018       30420 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>byte_limit ) ) {
    2019           6 :       byte_limit_c++;
    2020           6 :       continue;
    2021           6 :     }
    2022             : 
    2023             : 
    2024       30414 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2025       30414 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    2026       30414 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2027             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2028             :        current readers */
    2029       30414 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2030       97653 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2031             : 
    2032       67242 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2033             : 
    2034       67242 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t const * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query_const( writer_costs, &acct, NULL, writers );
    2035       67242 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( in_wcost_table && in_wcost_table->total_cost+cur->compute_est > max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2036             :         /* Can't be scheduled until the next block */
    2037           3 :         conflicts = ULONG_MAX;
    2038           3 :         break;
    2039           3 :       }
    2040             : 
    2041       67239 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use, acct, NULL );
    2042       67239 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( use ) ) conflicts |= use->in_use_by; /* break? */
    2043       67239 :     }
    2044             : 
    2045       30414 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts==ULONG_MAX ) ) {
    2046             :       /* The logic for how to adjust skip is a bit complicated, and we
    2047             :          want to do it branchlessly. Let psc=FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT,
    2048             :            Before                   After
    2049             :              1               compressed_slot_number
    2050             :            x in [2, psc]             x-1
    2051             :            x where x>psc            psc-1
    2052             : 
    2053             :          Set A=min(x, 5), B=min(A-2, compressed_slot_number-1), and
    2054             :          note that compressed_slot_number is in [psc+1, USHORT_MAX].
    2055             :          Then:
    2056             :              x                A     A-2          B      B+1
    2057             :              1                1  USHORT_MAX    csn-1    csn
    2058             :            x in [2, psc]      x     x-2         x-2     x-1
    2059             :            x where x>psc     psc   psc-2       psc-2   psc-1
    2060             :          So B+1 is the desired value. */
    2061           3 :       cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(compressed_slot_number-1),
    2062           3 :                                             (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2063           3 :       write_limit_c++;
    2064           3 :       continue;
    2065           3 :     }
    2066             : 
    2067       30411 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2068           6 :       slow_path++;
    2069           6 :       continue;
    2070           6 :     }
    2071             : 
    2072             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2073             :        current writers */
    2074       30405 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2075      136659 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2076             : 
    2077      106254 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2078      106254 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2079             : 
    2080       65385 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    2081       65385 :       if( use ) conflicts |= (use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE) ? use->in_use_by : 0UL;
    2082       65385 :     }
    2083             : 
    2084       30405 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2085           0 :       slow_path++;
    2086           0 :       continue;
    2087           0 :     }
    2088             : 
    2089             :     /* Include this transaction in the microblock! */
    2090       30405 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2091       30405 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2092             : 
    2093       30405 :     fd_txn_p_t * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2094       30405 :     if( FD_LIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>=1024UL ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2095       17613 :     else                                            fd_memcpy      ( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2096             : 
    2097       30405 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                                = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2098       30405 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2099       30405 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus                 = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2100       30405 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                                = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2101       30405 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos              = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2102       30405 :     out_txnp->first_seen_nanos                          = cur->txn->first_seen_nanos;
    2103       30405 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                                = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2104       30405 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                               = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2105       30405 :     out_txnp->flags                                     = cur->txn->flags;
    2106       30405 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp), txn, fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2107             : 
    2108             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2109       30405 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2110       30405 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( alt_acct_cnt ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt*sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2111       30405 :     out++;
    2112             : 
    2113       30405 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2114       97629 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2115       67224 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2116             : 
    2117       67224 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( writer_costs, &acct_addr, NULL, writers );
    2118       67224 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2119       19498 :         in_wcost_table = wcost_pool_ele_acquire( writers );
    2120       19498 :         in_wcost_table->key        = acct_addr;
    2121       19498 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2122       19498 :         wcost_map_ele_insert     ( writer_costs, in_wcost_table, writers );
    2123       19498 :         wcost_dlist_ele_push_tail( written_list, in_wcost_table, writers );
    2124       19498 :       }
    2125       67224 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2126             : 
    2127       67224 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr );
    2128       67224 :       use->in_use_by = bank_tile_mask | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE;
    2129             : 
    2130       67224 :       use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2131             : 
    2132             :       /* If there aren't any more references to this account in the
    2133             :          heap, it can't cause any conflicts.  That means we actually
    2134             :          don't need to record that we are using it, which is good
    2135             :          because we want to release the bit. */
    2136       67224 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2137       67224 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2138       67224 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2139       67224 :     }
    2140       30405 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2141      136659 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2142             : 
    2143      106254 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2144             : 
    2145      106254 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct_addr ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2146             : 
    2147       65385 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  acct_addr, NULL );
    2148       65385 :       if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2149             : 
    2150       65385 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & bank_tile_mask) ) use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2151       65385 :       use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask;
    2152       65385 :       use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2153             : 
    2154             : 
    2155       65385 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2156       65385 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2157       65385 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2158       65385 :     }
    2159             : 
    2160       30405 :     txns_scheduled  += 1UL;                      txn_limit       -= 1UL;
    2161       30405 :     cus_scheduled   += cur->compute_est;         cu_limit        -= cur->compute_est;
    2162       30405 :     bytes_scheduled += cur->txn->payload_sz;     byte_limit      -= cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2163       30405 :     alloc_scheduled += cur->txn->pack_alloc;     alloc_limit     -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2164             : 
    2165       30405 :     *(use_by_bank_txn++) = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2166             : 
    2167       30405 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2168       30405 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pool );
    2169             : 
    2170       30405 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2171       30405 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2172       30405 :     treap_idx_remove( sched_from, _cur, pool );
    2173       30405 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pool, _cur );
    2174       30405 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2175             : 
    2176       30405 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) break;
    2177       30405 :   }
    2178             : 
    2179       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_TAKEN_IDX       ] += txns_scheduled;
    2180       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX    ] += cu_limit_c;
    2181       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_FAST_PATH_IDX   ] += fast_path;
    2182       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX  ] += byte_limit_c;
    2183       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX ] += alloc_limit_c;
    2184       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_WRITE_COST_IDX  ] += write_limit_c;
    2185       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX   ] += slow_path;
    2186       14809 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_DEFER_SKIP_IDX  ] += skip_c;
    2187             : 
    2188             :   /* If we scanned the whole treap and didn't break early, we now have a
    2189             :      better estimate of the smallest. */
    2190       14809 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( prev ) ) ) {
    2191       14486 :     smallest_in_treap->cus   = min_cus;
    2192       14486 :     smallest_in_treap->bytes = min_bytes;
    2193       14486 :   }
    2194             : 
    2195       14809 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2196       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2197       14809 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2198             : 
    2199       14809 :   sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled=cus_scheduled,     .txns_scheduled=txns_scheduled,
    2200       14809 :                                .bytes_scheduled=bytes_scheduled, .alloc_scheduled=alloc_scheduled };
    2201       14809 :   return to_return;
    2202       29769 : }
    2203             : 
    2204             : int
    2205             : fd_pack_microblock_complete( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2206       14997 :                              ulong       bank_tile ) {
    2207             :   /* If the account is in use writably, and it's in use by this banking
    2208             :      tile, then this banking tile must be the sole writer to it, so it's
    2209             :      always okay to clear the writable bit. */
    2210       14997 :   ulong clear_mask = ~((1UL<<bank_tile) | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE);
    2211             : 
    2212             :   /* If nothing outstanding, bail quickly */
    2213       14997 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(pack->outstanding_microblock_mask & (1UL<<bank_tile)) ) ) return 0;
    2214             : 
    2215        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2216        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2217        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2218        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2219             : 
    2220        8716 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * base = pack->use_by_bank[bank_tile];
    2221             : 
    2222        8716 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    2223        8716 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    2224        8716 :   ulong                     txn_cnt      = 0UL;
    2225             : 
    2226      116441 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile]; i++ ) {
    2227      107725 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, base[i].key, NULL );
    2228      107725 :     FD_TEST( use );
    2229      107725 :     use->in_use_by &= clear_mask;
    2230             : 
    2231             :     /* In order to properly bound the size of bitset_map, we need to
    2232             :        release the "reference" to the account when we schedule it.
    2233             :        However, that poses a bit of a problem here, because by the time
    2234             :        we complete the microblock, that account could have been assigned
    2235             :        a different bit in the bitset.  The scheduling step tells us if
    2236             :        that is the case, and if so, we know that the bits in
    2237             :        bitset_w_in_use and bitset_rw_in_use were already cleared as
    2238             :        necessary.
    2239             : 
    2240             :        Note that it's possible for BIT_CLEARED to be set and then unset
    2241             :        by later uses, but then the account would be in use on other
    2242             :        banks, so we wouldn't try to observe the old value.  For example:
    2243             :        Suppose bit 0->account A, bit 1->account B, and we have two
    2244             :        transactions that read A, B.  We schedule a microblock to bank 0,
    2245             :        taking both transactions, which sets the counts for A, B to 0,
    2246             :        and releases the bits, clearing bits 0 and 1, and setting
    2247             :        BIT_CLEARED.  Then we get two more transactions that read
    2248             :        accounts C, D, A, B, and they get assigned 0->C, 1->D, 2->A,
    2249             :        3->B.  We try to schedule a microblock to bank 1 that takes one
    2250             :        of those transactions.  This unsets BIT_CLEARED for A, B.
    2251             :        Finally, the first microblock completes.  Even though the bitset
    2252             :        map has the new bits for A and B which are "wrong" compared to
    2253             :        when the transaction was initially scheduled, those bits have
    2254             :        already been cleared and reset properly in the bitset as needed.
    2255             :        A and B will still be in use by bank 1, so we won't clear any
    2256             :        bits.  If, on the other hand, the microblock scheduled to bank 1
    2257             :        completes first, bits 0 and 1 will be cleared for accounts C and
    2258             :        D, while bits 2 and 3 will remain set, which is correct.  Then
    2259             :        when bank 0 completes, bits 2 and 3 will be cleared. */
    2260      107725 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !use->in_use_by ) ) { /* if in_use_by==0, doesn't include BIT_CLEARED */
    2261       40146 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    2262       40146 :       FD_TEST( q );
    2263       40146 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  q->bit );
    2264       40146 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, q->bit );
    2265             : 
    2266             :       /* Because this account is no longer in use, it might be possible
    2267             :          to schedule a transaction that writes to it.  Check its
    2268             :          penalty treap if it has one, and potentially move it to the
    2269             :          main treap. */
    2270       40146 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, base[i].key, NULL );
    2271       40146 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    2272        5507 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    2273        5507 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    2274        2806 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    2275        2806 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    2276        2806 :         }
    2277        5507 :       }
    2278       40146 :     }
    2279             : 
    2280      107725 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !(use->in_use_by & ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) ) acct_uses_remove( pack->acct_in_use, use );
    2281             : 
    2282      107725 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( i+1UL==pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ][ txn_cnt ] ) ) {
    2283       26502 :       txn_cnt++;
    2284       26502 :       if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    2285             :         /* move best to the main treap */
    2286        2806 :         treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    2287        2806 :         best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    2288        2806 :         treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    2289             : 
    2290        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    2291        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    2292             : 
    2293        2806 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    2294          12 :           treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    2295             :           /* Removal invalidates any pointers we got from
    2296             :              penalty_map_query, but we immediately set these to NULL, so
    2297             :              we're not keeping any pointers around. */
    2298          12 :           penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    2299          12 :         }
    2300        2806 :         best         = NULL;
    2301        2806 :         best_penalty = NULL;
    2302        2806 :       }
    2303       26502 :     }
    2304      107725 :   }
    2305             : 
    2306        8716 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = 0UL;
    2307             : 
    2308        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2309        8716 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2310             : 
    2311             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask never has the writable bit set, so we
    2312             :      don't care about clearing it here either. */
    2313        8716 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask &= clear_mask;
    2314        8716 :   return 1;
    2315        8716 : }
    2316             : 
    2317       14718 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES      0
    2318         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS       (-1)
    2319         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT        (-2)
    2320         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS(n)          ( n) /* schedule bundle with n transactions */
    2321             : static inline int
    2322             : fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    2323             :                              ulong        bank_tile,
    2324       14844 :                              fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2325       14844 :   int state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    2326       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2327             : 
    2328       14844 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool    = pack->pool;
    2329       14844 :   treap_t           * bundles = pack->pending_bundles;
    2330             : 
    2331       14844 :   int require_ib;
    2332       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED ) ) { require_ib = 1; }
    2333       14844 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           ) ) { require_ib = 0; }
    2334             : 
    2335       14844 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur  = treap_rev_iter_init( bundles, pool );
    2336       14844 :   ulong bundle_idx = ULONG_MAX;
    2337             : 
    2338             :   /* Skip any that we've marked as won't fit in this block */
    2339       14844 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) && treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool )->skip==pack->compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    2340           0 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2341           0 :     pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_DEFER_SKIP_IDX ]++;
    2342           0 :   }
    2343             : 
    2344       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2345             : 
    2346         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _txn0 = _cur;
    2347         126 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn0 = treap_rev_iter_ele( _txn0, pool );
    2348         126 :   int is_ib = !!(txn0->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    2349         126 :   bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( txn0->rewards, txn0->compute_est );
    2350             : 
    2351         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( require_ib & !is_ib ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2352             : 
    2353             :   /* At this point, we have our candidate bundle, so we'll schedule it
    2354             :      if we can.  If we can't, we won't schedule anything. */
    2355             : 
    2356             : 
    2357         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_inserted[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    2358         126 :   ulong bundle_temp_inserted_cnt = 0UL;
    2359             : 
    2360         126 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    2361             : 
    2362         126 :   int doesnt_fit   = 0;
    2363         126 :   int has_conflict = 0;
    2364         126 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    2365             : 
    2366         126 :   ulong cu_limit         = pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           - pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2367         126 :   ulong byte_limit       = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     - pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2368         126 :   ulong microblock_limit = pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    - pack->microblock_cnt;
    2369         126 :   ulong alloc_limit      = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2370             : 
    2371         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2372         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2373         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2374         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2375             : 
    2376             :   /* last_use_in_txn_cnt[i+1] Keeps track of the number of accounts that
    2377             :      have their last reference in transaction i of the bundle.  This
    2378             :      esoteric value is important for computing use_by_bank_txn.
    2379             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt[0] is garbage. */
    2380         126 :   ulong last_use_in_txn_cnt[ 1UL+FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ] = { 0UL };
    2381             : 
    2382         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   null_use[1]    = {{{{ 0 }}, { 0 }}};
    2383         126 :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t  null_wcost[1]  = { 0 };
    2384             : 
    2385         504 :   while( !(doesnt_fit | has_conflict) & !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) {
    2386         378 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2387         378 :     ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2388         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2389             : 
    2390         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    2391           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2392           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2393           0 :       break;
    2394           0 :     }
    2395         378 :     cu_limit -= cur->compute_est;
    2396             : 
    2397             :     /* Each transaction in a bundle turns into a microblock */
    2398         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( microblock_limit==0UL ) ) {
    2399           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2400           0 :       FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, MICROBLOCK_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2401           0 :       break;
    2402           0 :     }
    2403         378 :     microblock_limit--;
    2404             : 
    2405         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD>byte_limit ) ) {
    2406           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2407           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2408           0 :       break;
    2409           0 :     }
    2410         378 :     byte_limit -= cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2411             : 
    2412         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    2413           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2414           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2415           0 :       break;
    2416           0 :     }
    2417         378 :     alloc_limit -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2418             : 
    2419         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    2420           0 :       has_conflict = 1;
    2421           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_FAST_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2422           0 :       break;
    2423           0 :     }
    2424             : 
    2425             :     /* Don't update the actual in-use bitset, because the transactions
    2426             :        in the bundle are allowed to conflict with each other. */
    2427         378 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2428         378 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2429             : 
    2430             : 
    2431         378 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2432         378 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    2433         378 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2434             : 
    2435             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2436             :        current readers */
    2437         378 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2438        1188 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2439             : 
    2440         810 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2441             : 
    2442         810 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query          ( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct, null_use                  );
    2443         810 :       ulong current_cost                  = wcost_map_ele_query_const( pack->writer_costs,   &acct, null_wcost, pack->writers )->total_cost;
    2444         810 :       ulong carried_cost                  = (ulong)in_bundle_temp->carried_cost;
    2445         810 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( current_cost + carried_cost + cur->compute_est > pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2446           0 :         doesnt_fit = 1;
    2447           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_WRITE_COST_IDX ]++;
    2448           0 :         break;
    2449           0 :       }
    2450             : 
    2451         810 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2452         750 :         in_bundle_temp    = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct );
    2453         750 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2454         750 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2455         750 :       }
    2456         810 :       in_bundle_temp->carried_cost += (uint)cur->compute_est; /* < 2^21, but >0 */
    2457         810 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2458         810 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2459         810 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2460         810 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2461             : 
    2462         810 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, acct, null_use )->in_use_by ) ) {
    2463           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2464           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2465           0 :         break;
    2466           0 :       }
    2467         810 :     }
    2468         378 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2469             : 
    2470             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2471             :        current writers */
    2472         378 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2473        2106 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2474             : 
    2475        1728 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2476        1728 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2477             : 
    2478        1314 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct, null_use );
    2479        1314 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2480        1038 :         in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct );
    2481        1038 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2482        1038 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2483        1038 :       }
    2484        1314 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2485        1314 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2486        1314 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2487        1314 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2488             : 
    2489        1314 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, null_use )->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) ) {
    2490           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2491           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_V_SLOW_PATH_IDX ]++;
    2492           0 :         break;
    2493           0 :       }
    2494        1314 :     }
    2495             : 
    2496         378 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2497             : 
    2498         378 :     txn_cnt++;
    2499         378 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2500         378 :   }
    2501         126 :   int retval = fd_int_if( doesnt_fit, TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT,
    2502         126 :                                       fd_int_if( has_conflict, TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS, TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS( (int)txn_cnt ) ) );
    2503             : 
    2504         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval<=0 ) ) {
    2505           0 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2506           0 :       acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ] );
    2507           0 :     }
    2508           0 :     FD_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( pack->bundle_temp_map )==0UL );
    2509             : 
    2510           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval==TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT ) ) {
    2511             :       /* Decrement the skip count for the bundle we just tried. */
    2512             : 
    2513           0 :       for( _cur=_txn0; !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    2514           0 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2515           0 :         ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2516           0 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2517             : 
    2518             :         /* See fd_pack_schedule_impl for this line */
    2519           0 :         cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number-1),
    2520           0 :               (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2521           0 :       }
    2522           0 :     }
    2523           0 :     return retval;
    2524           0 :   }
    2525             : 
    2526             :   /* This bundle passed validation, so now we'll take it! */
    2527         126 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= bank_tile_mask;
    2528             : 
    2529         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _end  = _cur;
    2530         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _next;
    2531             : 
    2532             :   /* We'll carefully incrementally construct use_by_bank and
    2533             :      use_by_bank_txn based on the contents of bundle_temp and
    2534             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt. */
    2535         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    2536         126 :   ulong              * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[bank_tile];
    2537         126 :   ulong cum_sum = 0UL;
    2538         504 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<txn_cnt; k++ ) { use_by_bank_txn[k] = cum_sum; cum_sum += last_use_in_txn_cnt[ k+1UL ]; }
    2539         126 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = cum_sum;
    2540             : 
    2541             : 
    2542         504 :   for( _cur=_txn0; _cur!=_end; _cur=_next ) {
    2543         378 :     _next = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2544             : 
    2545         378 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2546         378 :     fd_txn_t const    * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2547         378 :     fd_txn_p_t        * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2548         378 :     if( FD_LIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>=1024UL ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2549          18 :     else                                            fd_memcpy      ( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2550         378 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp),     txn,               fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2551         378 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                      = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2552         378 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2553         378 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2554         378 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                      = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2555         378 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos    = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2556         378 :     out_txnp->first_seen_nanos                = cur->txn->first_seen_nanos;
    2557         378 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                      = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2558         378 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                     = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2559         378 :     out_txnp->flags                           = cur->txn->flags;
    2560             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2561         378 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2562         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( alt_acct_cnt ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt*sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2563         378 :     out++;
    2564             : 
    2565         378 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2566         378 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2567         378 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2568         378 :     pack->microblock_cnt        += 1UL;
    2569             : 
    2570         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2571         378 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pack->pool );
    2572             : 
    2573         378 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2574         378 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2575         378 :     treap_idx_remove( pack->pending_bundles, _cur, pack->pool );
    2576         378 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pack->pool, _cur );
    2577         378 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2578         378 :   }
    2579             : 
    2580             : 
    2581        1914 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2582             :     /* In order to clear bundle_temp_map with the typical trick, we need
    2583             :        to iterate through bundle_temp_inserted backwards. */
    2584        1788 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * addr_use = bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ];
    2585             : 
    2586        1788 :     int any_writers = addr_use->carried_cost>0U; /* Did any transaction in this bundle write lock this account address? */
    2587             : 
    2588        1788 :     if( FD_LIKELY( any_writers ) ) { /* UNLIKELY? */
    2589         750 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( pack->writer_costs, &addr_use->key, NULL, pack->writers );
    2590         750 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2591         735 :         in_wcost_table = wcost_pool_ele_acquire( pack->writers );
    2592         735 :         in_wcost_table->key        = addr_use->key;
    2593         735 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2594         735 :         wcost_map_ele_insert     ( pack->writer_costs, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2595         735 :         wcost_dlist_ele_push_tail( pack->written_list, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2596         735 :       }
    2597         750 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += (ulong)addr_use->carried_cost;
    2598         750 :     }
    2599             : 
    2600             :     /* in_use_by must be set before releasing the bit reference */
    2601        1788 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key, NULL );
    2602        1788 :     if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2603        1788 :     use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask | fd_ulong_if( any_writers, FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE, 0UL );
    2604        1788 :     use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2605             : 
    2606        1788 :     use_by_bank[ use_by_bank_txn[ addr_use->last_use_in-1UL ]++ ] = *use;
    2607             : 
    2608        3912 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<(ulong)addr_use->ref_cnt; k++ ) {
    2609        2124 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &(addr_use->key) );
    2610        2124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2611        2124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2612        2124 :     }
    2613             : 
    2614        1788 :     acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, addr_use );
    2615        1788 :   }
    2616             : 
    2617         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2618         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2619             : 
    2620         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) {
    2621           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING;
    2622           0 :   }
    2623         126 :   pack_memcpy_fini();
    2624         126 :   return retval;
    2625         126 : }
    2626             : 
    2627             : 
    2628             : ulong
    2629             : fd_pack_schedule_next_microblock( fd_pack_t *  pack,
    2630             :                                   ulong        total_cus,
    2631             :                                   float        vote_fraction,
    2632             :                                   ulong        bank_tile,
    2633             :                                   int          schedule_flags,
    2634       15117 :                                   fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2635             : 
    2636             :   /* TODO: Decide if these are exactly how we want to handle limits */
    2637       15117 :   total_cus = fd_ulong_min( total_cus, pack->lim->max_cost_per_block - pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2638       15117 :   ulong vote_cus = fd_ulong_min( (ulong)((float)total_cus * vote_fraction),
    2639       15117 :                                  pack->lim->max_vote_cost_per_block - pack->cumulative_vote_cost );
    2640       15117 :   ulong vote_reserved_txns = fd_ulong_min( vote_cus/FD_PACK_MAX_SIMPLE_VOTE_COST,
    2641       15117 :                                            (ulong)((float)pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock * vote_fraction) );
    2642             : 
    2643             : 
    2644       15117 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (pack->microblock_cnt>=pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block) ) ) {
    2645           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, MICROBLOCK_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2646           0 :     return 0UL;
    2647           0 :   }
    2648       15117 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->data_bytes_consumed+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD+FD_TXN_MIN_SERIALIZED_SZ>pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block) ) {
    2649           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, DATA_PER_BLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2650           0 :     return 0UL;
    2651           0 :   }
    2652             : 
    2653       15117 :   ulong * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ];
    2654             : 
    2655       15117 : #if FD_HAS_X86
    2656             :   /* out is a cold dcache chunk.  Its payload is streamed, but the
    2657             :      metadata and TXN() lines are regular stores; start those reads for
    2658             :      ownership under the scheduling work. */
    2659       15117 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU,       _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2660       15117 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU+ 64UL, _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2661       15117 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU+128UL, _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2662       15117 : #endif
    2663             : 
    2664       15117 :   ulong cu_limit    = total_cus - vote_cus;
    2665       15117 :   ulong txn_limit   = pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock - vote_reserved_txns;
    2666       15117 :   ulong scheduled   = 0UL;
    2667       15117 :   ulong byte_limit  = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block - pack->data_bytes_consumed - MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2668       15117 :   ulong alloc_limit = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2669             : 
    2670       15117 :   sched_return_t status = {0}, status1 = {0};
    2671             : 
    2672       15117 :   if( FD_LIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_VOTE ) ) {
    2673             :     /* Schedule vote transactions */
    2674       14778 :     status1= fd_pack_schedule_impl( pack, pack->pending_votes, vote_cus, vote_reserved_txns, byte_limit, alloc_limit, bank_tile,
    2675       14778 :         pack->pending_votes_smallest, use_by_bank_txn, out+scheduled );
    2676             : 
    2677       14778 :     scheduled                   += status1.txns_scheduled;
    2678       14778 :     pack->cumulative_vote_cost  += status1.cus_scheduled;
    2679       14778 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += status1.cus_scheduled;
    2680       14778 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += status1.bytes_scheduled;
    2681       14778 :     byte_limit                  -= status1.bytes_scheduled;
    2682       14778 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += status1.alloc_scheduled;
    2683       14778 :     alloc_limit                 -= status1.alloc_scheduled;
    2684       14778 :     use_by_bank_txn             += status1.txns_scheduled;
    2685             :     /* Add any remaining CUs/txns to the non-vote limits */
    2686       14778 :     txn_limit += vote_reserved_txns - status1.txns_scheduled;
    2687       14778 :     cu_limit  += vote_cus - status1.cus_scheduled;
    2688       14778 :   }
    2689             : 
    2690             :   /* Bundle can't mix with votes, so only try to schedule a bundle if we
    2691             :      didn't get any votes. */
    2692       15117 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !!(schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_BUNDLE) & (status1.txns_scheduled==0UL) ) ) {
    2693       14844 :     int bundle_result = fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( pack, bank_tile, out );
    2694       14844 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result>0                         ) ) return (ulong)bundle_result;
    2695       14718 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result==TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS ) ) return 0UL;
    2696             :     /* in the NO_READY_BUNDLES or DOES_NOT_FIT case, we schedule like
    2697             :        normal. */
    2698             :     /* We have the early returns here because try_schedule_bundle does
    2699             :        the bookkeeping internally, since the calculations are a bit
    2700             :        different in that case. */
    2701       14718 :   }
    2702             : 
    2703             : 
    2704             :   /* Fill any remaining space with non-vote transactions */
    2705       14991 :   if( FD_LIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_TXN ) ) {
    2706       14991 :     status = fd_pack_schedule_impl( pack, pack->pending,       cu_limit, txn_limit,          byte_limit, alloc_limit, bank_tile,
    2707       14991 :         pack->pending_smallest,       use_by_bank_txn, out+scheduled );
    2708             : 
    2709       14991 :     scheduled                   += status.txns_scheduled;
    2710       14991 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += status.cus_scheduled;
    2711       14991 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += status.bytes_scheduled;
    2712       14991 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += status.alloc_scheduled;
    2713       14991 :   }
    2714             : 
    2715       14991 :   ulong nonempty = (ulong)(scheduled>0UL);
    2716       14991 :   pack->microblock_cnt              += nonempty;
    2717       14991 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= nonempty << bank_tile;
    2718       14991 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         += nonempty * MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2719             : 
    2720       14991 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->txn_per_microblock,  scheduled              );
    2721       14991 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->vote_per_microblock, status1.txns_scheduled );
    2722             : 
    2723       14991 :   pack_memcpy_fini();
    2724       14991 :   return scheduled;
    2725       15117 : }
    2726             : 
    2727      274518 : ulong fd_pack_bank_tile_cnt     ( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->bank_tile_cnt;         }
    2728           0 : ulong fd_pack_current_block_cost( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->cumulative_block_cost; }
    2729             : 
    2730             : 
    2731             : void
    2732           0 : fd_pack_set_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_t const * limits ) {
    2733           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_cost_per_block      >= FD_PACK_MAX_COST_PER_BLOCK_LOWER_BOUND      );
    2734           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_vote_cost_per_block >= FD_PACK_MAX_VOTE_COST_PER_BLOCK_LOWER_BOUND );
    2735           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_write_cost_per_acct >= FD_PACK_MAX_WRITE_COST_PER_ACCT_LOWER_BOUND );
    2736             : 
    2737           0 :   pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    = limits->max_microblocks_per_block;
    2738           0 :   pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     = limits->max_data_bytes_per_block;
    2739           0 :   pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           = limits->max_cost_per_block;
    2740           0 :   pack->lim->max_vote_cost_per_block      = limits->max_vote_cost_per_block;
    2741           0 :   pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct      = limits->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    2742           0 :   pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block = limits->max_allocated_data_per_block;
    2743           0 : }
    2744             : 
    2745             : void
    2746           0 : fd_pack_get_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_usage_t * opt_limits_usage, fd_pack_limits_t * opt_limits ) {
    2747           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits_usage ) ) {
    2748           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_cost          = pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2749           0 :     opt_limits_usage->vote_cost           = pack->cumulative_vote_cost;
    2750           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_data_bytes    = pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2751           0 :     opt_limits_usage->microblocks         = pack->microblock_cnt;
    2752           0 :     opt_limits_usage->alloc               = pack->alloc_consumed;
    2753           0 :   }
    2754           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_limits, pack->lim, sizeof(fd_pack_limits_t) );
    2755           0 : }
    2756             : 
    2757             : void
    2758           0 : fd_pack_get_top_writers( fd_pack_t const * pack, fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[static FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT] ) {
    2759           0 :   fd_memcpy( top_writers, pack->top_writers, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2760           0 : }
    2761             : 
    2762             : void
    2763           0 : fd_pack_get_pending_smallest( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_smallest_t * opt_pending_smallest, fd_pack_smallest_t * opt_votes_smallest ) {
    2764           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_pending_smallest ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_pending_smallest, pack->pending_smallest,       sizeof(fd_pack_smallest_t) );
    2765           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_votes_smallest ) )   fd_memcpy( opt_votes_smallest,   pack->pending_votes_smallest, sizeof(fd_pack_smallest_t) );
    2766           0 : }
    2767             : 
    2768             : void
    2769             : fd_pack_rebate_cus( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    2770           6 :                     fd_pack_rebate_t const * rebate ) {
    2771           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (rebate->ib_result!=0) & (pack->initializer_bundle_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING ) ) ) {
    2772           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = fd_int_if( rebate->ib_result==1, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED );
    2773           0 :   }
    2774             : 
    2775           6 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  -= rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2776           6 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost   -= rebate->vote_cost_rebate;
    2777           6 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    -= rebate->data_bytes_rebate;
    2778           6 :   pack->alloc_consumed         -= rebate->alloc_rebate;
    2779           6 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus += rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2780             :   /* For now, we want to ignore the microblock count rebate.  There are
    2781             :      3 places the microblock count is kept (here, in the pack tile, and
    2782             :      in the PoH tile), and they all need to count microblocks that end
    2783             :      up being empty in the same way.  It would be better from a
    2784             :      DoS-resistance perspective for them all not to count empty
    2785             :      microblocks towards the total, but there's a race condition:
    2786             :      suppose pack schedules a microblock containing one transaction that
    2787             :      doesn't land on chain, the slot ends, and then pack informs PoH of
    2788             :      the number of microblocks before the final rebate comes through.
    2789             :      This isn't unsolvable, but it's pretty gross, so it's probably
    2790             :      better to just not apply the rebate for now. */
    2791           6 :   (void)rebate->microblock_cnt_rebate;
    2792             : 
    2793           6 :   wcost_map_t * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    2794          18 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<rebate->writer_cnt; i++ ) {
    2795          12 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( writer_costs, &rebate->writer_rebates[i].key, NULL, pack->writers );
    2796          12 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !in_wcost_table ) ) FD_LOG_ERR(( "Rebate to unknown written account" ));
    2797          12 :     in_wcost_table->total_cost -= rebate->writer_rebates[i].rebate_cus;
    2798             :     /* If the rebate drops it to zero, return it to the pool */
    2799          12 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !in_wcost_table->total_cost ) ) {
    2800           3 :       wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( writer_costs,       in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2801           3 :       wcost_dlist_ele_remove   ( pack->written_list, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2802           3 :       wcost_pool_ele_release   ( pack->writers,      in_wcost_table );
    2803           3 :     }
    2804          12 :   }
    2805           6 : }
    2806             : 
    2807             : 
    2808             : ulong
    2809             : fd_pack_expire_before( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2810          15 :                        ulong       expire_before ) {
    2811          15 :   expire_before = fd_ulong_max( expire_before, pack->expire_before );
    2812          15 :   ulong deleted_cnt = 0UL;
    2813          15 :   fd_pack_expq_t * prq = pack->expiration_q;
    2814         327 :   while( (expq_cnt( prq )>0UL) & (prq->expires_at<expire_before) ) {
    2815         312 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * expired = prq->txn;
    2816             : 
    2817             :     /* fd_pack_delete_transaction also removes it from the heap */
    2818             :     /* All the transactions in the same bundle have the same expiration
    2819             :        time, so this loop will end up deleting them all, even with
    2820             :        delete_full_bundle set to 0. */
    2821         312 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, expired, 0, 1 );
    2822         312 :     deleted_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    2823         312 :     FD_TEST( _delete_cnt );
    2824         312 :   }
    2825             : 
    2826          15 :   pack->expire_before = expire_before;
    2827          15 :   return deleted_cnt;
    2828          15 : }
    2829             : 
    2830             : void
    2831          12 : fd_pack_end_block( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2832             :   /* rounded division */
    2833          12 :   ulong pct_cus_per_block = (pack->cumulative_block_cost*100UL + (pack->lim->max_cost_per_block>>1))/pack->lim->max_cost_per_block;
    2834          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       pct_cus_per_block                                          );
    2835          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->net_cus_per_block,       pack->cumulative_block_cost                                );
    2836          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus                               );
    2837          12 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, pack->cumulative_rebated_cus + pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2838             : 
    2839          12 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
    2840          12 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
    2841          12 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
    2842          12 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost        = 0UL;
    2843          12 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
    2844          12 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
    2845          12 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
    2846             : 
    2847          12 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED;
    2848             : 
    2849          12 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2850          12 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2851             : 
    2852          12 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * last_top_writer = pack->top_writers + FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT-1UL;
    2853             : 
    2854        8148 :   while( !wcost_dlist_is_empty( pack->written_list, pack->writers ) ) {
    2855        8136 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writer = wcost_dlist_ele_pop_head( pack->written_list, pack->writers );
    2856        8136 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( writer->total_cost>last_top_writer->total_cost ) ) {
    2857          81 :       last_top_writer->key        = writer->key;
    2858          81 :       last_top_writer->total_cost = writer->total_cost;
    2859          81 :       fd_pack_writer_cost_sort_insert( pack->top_writers, FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT );
    2860          81 :     }
    2861             :     /* Clearing the cost field here is unnecessary (since it gets
    2862             :        cleared on insert), but makes debugging a bit easier. */
    2863        8136 :     writer->total_cost = 0UL;
    2864        8136 :     wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( pack->writer_costs, writer, pack->writers );
    2865        8136 :     wcost_pool_ele_release( pack->writers, writer );
    2866        8136 :   }
    2867             : 
    2868             :   /* compressed_slot_number is > FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, which means +1 is the
    2869             :      max unless it overflows. */
    2870          12 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = fd_ushort_max( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number+1), (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1) );
    2871             : 
    2872          12 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2873          12 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2874             : 
    2875          24 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2876             : 
    2877             :   /* If our stake is low and we don't become leader often, end_block
    2878             :      might get called on the order of O(1/hr), which feels too
    2879             :      infrequent to do anything related to metrics.  However, we only
    2880             :      update the histograms when we are leader, so this is actually a
    2881             :      good place to copy them. */
    2882          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK,  pack->txn_per_microblock  );
    2883          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, VOTE_PER_MICROBLOCK, pack->vote_per_microblock );
    2884             : 
    2885          12 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_CU_CONSUMED, 0UL                           );
    2886          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK, pack->scheduled_cus_per_block );
    2887          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK,   pack->rebated_cus_per_block   );
    2888          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_NET_PER_BLOCK,       pack->net_cus_per_block       );
    2889          12 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_PCT,                 pack->pct_cus_per_block       );
    2890          12 : }
    2891             : 
    2892             : static void
    2893             : release_tree( treap_t           * treap,
    2894             :               sig2txn_t         * signature_map,
    2895             :               noncemap_t        * noncemap,
    2896           9 :               fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool ) {
    2897           9 :   treap_fwd_iter_t next;
    2898          18 :   for( treap_fwd_iter_t it=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_fwd_iter_done( it ); it=next ) {
    2899           9 :     next = treap_fwd_iter_next( it, pool );
    2900           9 :     ulong idx = treap_fwd_iter_idx( it );
    2901           9 :     pool[ idx ].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2902           9 :     treap_idx_remove       ( treap,         idx, pool );
    2903           9 :     sig2txn_idx_remove_fast( signature_map, idx, pool );
    2904           9 :     trp_pool_idx_release   ( pool,          idx       );
    2905           9 :     if( pool[ idx ].txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) {
    2906           9 :       noncemap_idx_remove_fast( noncemap, idx, pool );
    2907           9 :     }
    2908           9 :   }
    2909           9 : }
    2910             : 
    2911             : void
    2912           3 : fd_pack_clear_all( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2913           3 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt        = 0UL;
    2914           3 :   pack->microblock_cnt         = 0UL;
    2915           3 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  = 0UL;
    2916           3 :   pack->cumulative_vote_cost   = 0UL;
    2917           3 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus = 0UL;
    2918           3 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    = 0UL;
    2919           3 :   pack->alloc_consumed         = 0UL;
    2920             : 
    2921           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
    2922           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
    2923           3 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->cus   = ULONG_MAX;
    2924           3 :   pack->pending_votes_smallest->bytes = ULONG_MAX;
    2925             : 
    2926           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending,         pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2927           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending_votes,   pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2928           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending_bundles, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2929             : 
    2930           3 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    2931         132 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    2932         129 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pool[ i ].root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) {
    2933           0 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * const del = pack->pool + i;
    2934           0 :       fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( del->txn );
    2935           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, del->txn->payload );
    2936           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = del->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2937           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( del->root ) );
    2938           0 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    2939           0 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    2940           0 :       release_tree( penalty_treap->penalty_treap, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2941           0 :     }
    2942         129 :   }
    2943             : 
    2944           3 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
    2945             : 
    2946           3 :   expq_remove_all( pack->expiration_q );
    2947             : 
    2948           3 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2949             : 
    2950          18 :   while( !wcost_dlist_is_empty( pack->written_list, pack->writers ) ) {
    2951          15 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writer = wcost_dlist_ele_pop_head( pack->written_list, pack->writers );
    2952          15 :     writer->total_cost = 0UL;
    2953          15 :     wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( pack->writer_costs, writer, pack->writers );
    2954          15 :     wcost_pool_ele_release( pack->writers, writer );
    2955          15 :   }
    2956             : 
    2957           3 :   penalty_map_clear( pack->penalty_treaps );
    2958             : 
    2959           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2960           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2961           3 :   bitset_map_clear( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    2962           3 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
    2963        1027 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
    2964           3 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
    2965             : 
    2966           6 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2967           3 : }
    2968             : 
    2969             : 
    2970             : /* If delete_full_bundle is non-zero and the transaction to delete is
    2971             :    part of a bundle, the rest of the bundle it is part of will be
    2972             :    deleted as well.
    2973             :    If move_from_penalty_treap is non-zero and the transaction to delete
    2974             :    is in the pending treap, move the best transaction in any of the
    2975             :    conflicting penalty treaps to the pending treap (if there is one). */
    2976             : static ulong
    2977             : delete_transaction( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    2978             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * containing,
    2979             :                     int                 delete_full_bundle,
    2980        3951 :                     int                 move_from_penalty_treap ) {
    2981             : 
    2982        3951 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( containing->txn );
    2983        3951 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, containing->txn->payload );
    2984        3951 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = containing->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2985             : 
    2986        3951 :   treap_t * root = NULL;
    2987        3951 :   int root_idx = containing->root;
    2988        3951 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = NULL;
    2989        3951 :   switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    2990           0 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE:           FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    2991         780 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING:        root = pack->pending;         break;
    2992           0 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_VOTE:   root = pack->pending_votes;   break;
    2993         519 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: root = pack->pending_bundles; break;
    2994        2652 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    2995        2652 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    2996        2652 :       penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    2997        2652 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    2998        2652 :       root = penalty_treap->penalty_treap;
    2999        2652 :       break;
    3000        2652 :     }
    3001        3951 :   }
    3002             : 
    3003        3951 :   ulong delete_cnt = 0UL;
    3004        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( delete_full_bundle & (root==pack->pending_bundles) ) ) {
    3005             :     /* When we delete, the structure of the treap may move around, but
    3006             :        pointers to inside the pool will remain valid */
    3007         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * bundle_ptrs[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1UL ];
    3008         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool       = pack->pool;
    3009         123 :     ulong               cnt        = 0UL;
    3010         123 :     ulong               bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( containing->rewards, containing->compute_est );
    3011             : 
    3012             :     /* Iterate in both directions from the current transaction */
    3013         123 :     for( treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( (treap_fwd_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3014         426 :         !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3015         303 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3016         303 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3017         303 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3018         303 :       } else {
    3019           0 :         break;
    3020           0 :       }
    3021         303 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3022         303 :     }
    3023             : 
    3024         123 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( (treap_rev_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3025         216 :         !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3026          93 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3027          93 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3028          93 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3029          93 :       } else {
    3030           0 :         break;
    3031           0 :       }
    3032          93 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3033          93 :     }
    3034             : 
    3035             :     /* Delete them each, setting delete_full_bundle to 0 to avoid
    3036             :        infinite recursion. */
    3037         519 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<cnt; k++ ) delete_cnt += delete_transaction( pack, bundle_ptrs[ k ], 0, 0 );
    3038         123 :   }
    3039             : 
    3040             : 
    3041        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( move_from_penalty_treap & (root==pack->pending) ) ) {
    3042             : 
    3043         774 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    3044         774 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    3045             : 
    3046         774 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3047        3399 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3048        2625 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    3049        2625 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    3050        1340 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    3051        1340 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    3052         701 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    3053         701 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    3054         701 :         }
    3055        1340 :       }
    3056        2625 :     }
    3057             : 
    3058         774 :     if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    3059             :       /* move best to the main treap */
    3060         701 :       treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    3061         701 :       best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    3062         701 :       treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    3063             : 
    3064         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    3065         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    3066             : 
    3067         701 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    3068           9 :         treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    3069           9 :         penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    3070           9 :       }
    3071         701 :     }
    3072         774 :   }
    3073             : 
    3074        3951 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    3075       38088 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3076       34137 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ) ) ) continue;
    3077             : 
    3078       29664 :     release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    3079       29664 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    3080       29664 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    3081       29664 :   }
    3082             : 
    3083        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( containing->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) {
    3084         261 :     noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, containing, pack->pool );
    3085         261 :   }
    3086        3951 :   expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, containing->expq_idx );
    3087        3951 :   containing->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    3088        3951 :   treap_ele_remove( root, containing, pack->pool );
    3089        3951 :   sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, containing, pack->pool );
    3090        3951 :   trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, containing );
    3091             : 
    3092        3951 :   delete_cnt += 1UL;
    3093        3951 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    3094             : 
    3095        3951 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty_treap && treap_ele_cnt( root )==0UL ) ) {
    3096           0 :     penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_treap );
    3097           0 :   }
    3098             : 
    3099        3951 :   return delete_cnt;
    3100        3951 : }
    3101             : 
    3102             : ulong
    3103             : fd_pack_delete_transaction( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    3104         180 :                             fd_ed25519_sig_t const * sig0 ) {
    3105         180 :   ulong cnt = 0;
    3106         180 :   ulong next = ULONG_MAX;
    3107             : 
    3108         180 :   fd_txn_e_t query_e = {0};
    3109         180 :   fd_memcpy( query_e.txnp[0].payload, sig0, FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ );
    3110         180 :   for( ulong idx = sig2txn_idx_query_const( pack->signature_map, &query_e, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3111         336 :       idx!=ULONG_MAX; idx=next ) {
    3112             :     /* Iterating while deleting, not just this element, but perhaps the
    3113             :        whole bundle, feels a bit dangerous, but is actually fine because
    3114             :        a bundle can't contain two transactions with the same signature.
    3115             :        That means we know next is not part of the same bundle as idx,
    3116             :        which means that deleting idx will not delete next. */
    3117         156 :     next = sig2txn_idx_next_const( idx, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3118         156 :     cnt += delete_transaction( pack, pack->pool+idx, 1, 1 );
    3119         156 :   }
    3120             : 
    3121         180 :   return cnt;
    3122         180 : }
    3123             : 
    3124             : 
    3125             : int
    3126             : fd_pack_verify( fd_pack_t * pack,
    3127         435 :                 void      * scratch ) {
    3128             :   /* Invariants:
    3129             :      sig2txn_query has exact same contents as all treaps combined
    3130             :      root matches treap
    3131             :      Keys of acct_to_bitset is exactly union of all accounts in all
    3132             :             transactions in treaps, with ref counted appropriately
    3133             :      bits in bitset_avail is complement of bits allocated in
    3134             :             acct_to_bitset
    3135             :      expires_at consistent between treap, prq
    3136             :      use_by_bank does not contain duplicates
    3137             :      use_by_bank consistent with acct_in_use
    3138             :      elements in pool but not in a treap have root set to free
    3139             :      all penalty treaps have at least one transaction
    3140             :      all elements in penalty treaps are in the one that the root indicates
    3141             :      */
    3142             : 
    3143             :   /* TODO:
    3144             :      bitset_{r}w_in_use = bitset_map_query( everything in acct_in_use that doesn't have FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED )
    3145             :      bitset_w_in_use & bitset_rw_in_use == bitset_w_in_use
    3146             :      */
    3147      314708 : #define VERIFY_TEST( cond, ... ) do {   \
    3148      314708 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(cond) ) ) {      \
    3149           0 :       FD_LOG_WARNING(( __VA_ARGS__ ));  \
    3150           0 :       return -(__LINE__);               \
    3151           0 :     }                                   \
    3152      314708 :   } while( 0 )
    3153             : 
    3154         435 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack->pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
    3155         435 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap  ) );
    3156         435 :   void * _bitset_map_copy = scratch;
    3157         435 :   void * _bitset_map_orig = bitset_map_leave( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    3158         435 :   fd_memcpy( _bitset_map_copy, _bitset_map_orig, bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp ) );
    3159             : 
    3160         435 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * bitset_copy = bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_copy );
    3161             : 
    3162             :   /* Check that each bit is in exactly one place */
    3163         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( processed ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( processed );
    3164         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bit       ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit       );
    3165         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( full      ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( full      );
    3166             : 
    3167         435 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->bitset_avail[0]!=FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH ) ) return -1;
    3168      148237 :   for( ulong i=1UL; i<=pack->bitset_avail_cnt; i++ ) {
    3169      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3170      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3171      147802 :     VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ),
    3172      147802 :         "bit %hu in avail set twice", pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3173      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3174      147802 :   }
    3175             : 
    3176         435 :   ulong total_references = 0UL;
    3177    62865843 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bitset_map_slot_cnt( bitset_copy ); i++ ) {
    3178    62865408 :     if( !bitset_map_key_inval( bitset_copy[ i ].key ) ) {
    3179        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt>0UL, "account address in table with 0 ref count" );
    3180             : 
    3181        1086 :       total_references += bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt;
    3182             : 
    3183        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3184        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3185        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %hu used twice", bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3186        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3187        1086 :     }
    3188    62865408 :   }
    3189      148915 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) {
    3190      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3191      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, i );
    3192      148480 :     VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %lu missing", i );
    3193      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( full, i );
    3194      148480 :   }
    3195             : 
    3196             : 
    3197         435 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t  * pool = pack->pool;
    3198         435 :   treap_t * treaps[ 3 ] = { pack->pending, pack->pending_votes, pack->pending_bundles };
    3199         435 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    3200             : 
    3201      984012 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<3UL+penalty_map_slot_cnt( pack->penalty_treaps ); k++ ) {
    3202      983577 :     treap_t * treap = NULL;
    3203             : 
    3204      983577 :     if( k<3UL ) treap = treaps[ k ];
    3205      982272 :     else if( FD_LIKELY( penalty_map_key_inval( pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].key ) ) ) continue;
    3206           0 :     else {
    3207           0 :       treap = pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].penalty_treap;
    3208           0 :       VERIFY_TEST( treap_ele_cnt( treap )>0UL, "empty penalty treap in map" );
    3209           0 :     }
    3210             : 
    3211        1728 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur );
    3212        1305 :         _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3213         423 :       txn_cnt++;
    3214         423 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele_const( _cur, pool );
    3215         423 :       fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    3216         423 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    3217         423 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    3218             : 
    3219         423 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * in_tbl = sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &cur->_txn_e, NULL, pool );
    3220         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( in_tbl, "signature missing from sig2txn" );
    3221             : 
    3222         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( (ulong)(cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==fd_ulong_min( k, 3UL )+1UL, "treap element had bad root" );
    3223         423 :       if( FD_LIKELY( (cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY(0) ) ) {
    3224           0 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * penalty_acct = ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( cur->root ) );
    3225           0 :         VERIFY_TEST( !memcmp( penalty_acct, pack->penalty_treaps[ k-3UL ].key.b, 32UL ), "transaction in wrong penalty treap" );
    3226           0 :       }
    3227         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( cur->expires_at>=pack->expire_before, "treap element expired" );
    3228             : 
    3229         423 :       fd_pack_expq_t const * eq = pack->expiration_q + cur->expq_idx;
    3230         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->txn==cur, "expq inconsistent" );
    3231         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->expires_at==cur->expires_at, "expq expires_at inconsistent" );
    3232             : 
    3233         423 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( complement );
    3234         423 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( complement, full );
    3235         423 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3236        1413 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3237         990 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3238             : 
    3239         990 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3240         990 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3241         990 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3242         990 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3243         990 :         total_references--;
    3244             : 
    3245         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3246         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3247         990 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3248         597 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3249         597 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset  ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3250         597 :         }
    3251         990 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3252         990 :       }
    3253         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3254             : 
    3255         423 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    3256        1836 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3257             : 
    3258        1413 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3259        1413 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    3260         894 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3261         894 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3262         894 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3263         894 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3264         894 :         total_references--;
    3265             : 
    3266         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3267         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3268         894 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3269         879 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3270         879 :         }
    3271         894 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3272         894 :       }
    3273         423 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->rw_bitset,  cur->rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3274         423 :     }
    3275        1305 :   }
    3276             : 
    3277         435 :   bitset_map_leave( bitset_copy );
    3278         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==pack->pending_txn_cnt, "txn_cnt" );
    3279             : 
    3280         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( total_references==0UL, "extra references in bitset mapping" );
    3281         435 :   ulong sig2txn_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3282         435 :   for( sig2txn_iter_t iter = sig2txn_iter_init( pack->signature_map, pool );
    3283         858 :       !sig2txn_iter_done( iter, pack->signature_map, pool );
    3284         435 :       iter = sig2txn_iter_next( iter, pack->signature_map, pool ) ) {
    3285         423 :     sig2txn_key_cnt++;
    3286         423 :   }
    3287         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==sig2txn_key_cnt, "extra signatures in sig2txn" );
    3288         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !sig2txn_verify( pack->signature_map, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "sig2txn corrupt" );
    3289             : 
    3290             :   /* Count noncemap keys */
    3291         435 :   ulong noncemap_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3292         435 :   for( noncemap_iter_t iter = noncemap_iter_init( pack->noncemap, pool );
    3293         483 :       !noncemap_iter_done( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3294         435 :       iter = noncemap_iter_next( iter, pack->noncemap, pool ) ) {
    3295          48 :     noncemap_key_cnt++;
    3296             :     /* Ensure element is in pool */
    3297          48 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord = noncemap_iter_ele_const( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3298          48 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, "invalid entry in noncemap" );
    3299             : 
    3300             :     /* Although pack allows multiple transactions with the same
    3301             :        signature in sig2txn (MAP_MULTI==1), the noncemap checks prevent
    3302             :        multiple nonce transactions with the same signature. */
    3303          48 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord==sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &ord->_txn_e, NULL, pool ), "noncemap and sig2txn desynced" );
    3304          48 :   }
    3305         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt>=noncemap_key_cnt, "phantom txns in noncemap" );
    3306         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !noncemap_verify( pack->noncemap, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "noncemap corrupt" );
    3307             : 
    3308         435 :   ulong slots_found = 0UL;
    3309         435 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pool );
    3310      459492 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    3311      459057 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = pack->pool + i;
    3312      459057 :     if( ord->root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) slots_found++;
    3313      459057 :   }
    3314         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( slots_found==txn_cnt, "phantom slots in pool" );
    3315             : 
    3316         435 :   bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_orig );
    3317             : 
    3318         435 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = acct_uses_lg_slot_cnt( pack->acct_in_use );
    3319             : 
    3320         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_copy = scratch;
    3321         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_orig = acct_uses_leave( pack->acct_in_use );
    3322         435 :   fd_memcpy( _acct_in_use_copy, _acct_in_use_orig, acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz ) );
    3323             : 
    3324         435 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * acct_in_use_copy = acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_copy );
    3325             : 
    3326         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_complement );
    3327         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_complement );
    3328         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_complement, full );
    3329         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_complement, full );
    3330             : 
    3331         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_bitset, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    3332         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_bitset, pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    3333             : 
    3334             : 
    3335         435 :   ulong const EMPTY_MASK = ~(FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE | FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED);
    3336             : 
    3337       12240 :   for( ulong bank=0UL; bank<pack->bank_tile_cnt; bank++ ) {
    3338             : 
    3339       11805 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t const * base = pack->use_by_bank[ bank ];
    3340       11805 :     ulong bank_mask = 1UL << bank;
    3341             : 
    3342       12660 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[ bank ]; i++ ) {
    3343         855 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use_copy, base[i].key, NULL );
    3344         855 :       VERIFY_TEST( use, "acct in use by bank not in acct_in_use, or in uses_by_bank twice" );
    3345             : 
    3346         855 :       VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & bank_mask, "acct in uses_by_bank doesn't have corresponding bit set in acct_in_use, or it was in the list twice" );
    3347             : 
    3348         855 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    3349             :       /* The normal case is that the acct->bit mapping is preserved
    3350             :          while in use by other transactions in the pending list.  This
    3351             :          might not always happen though.  It's okay for the mapping to
    3352             :          get deleted while the acct is in use, which is noted with
    3353             :          BIT_CLEARED.  If that is set, the mapping may not exist, or it
    3354             :          may have been re-created, perhaps with a different bit. */
    3355         855 :       if( q==NULL ) VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED, "acct in use not in acct_to_bitset, but not marked as cleared" );
    3356           0 :       else if( !(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) {
    3357           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3358           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3359           0 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3360           0 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, rw_bitset, rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3361           0 :           if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) {
    3362           0 :             VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, w_bitset, w_bitset ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3363           0 :             FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( w_complement, q->bit );
    3364           0 :           }
    3365           0 :         }
    3366           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( rw_complement, q->bit );
    3367           0 :       }
    3368         855 :       if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) VERIFY_TEST( (use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK)==bank_mask, "writable, but in use by multiple" );
    3369             : 
    3370         855 :       use->in_use_by &= ~bank_mask;
    3371         855 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK) ) acct_uses_remove( acct_in_use_copy, use );
    3372         855 :     }
    3373       11805 :   }
    3374         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( acct_in_use_copy )==0UL, "stray uses in acct_in_use" );
    3375         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( rw_complement, rw_complement, rw_bitset,  rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3376         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY(  w_complement,  w_complement,  w_bitset,   w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3377             : 
    3378         435 :   acct_uses_leave( acct_in_use_copy );
    3379             : 
    3380         435 :   acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_orig );
    3381         435 :   return 0;
    3382         435 : }
    3383             : 
    3384         243 : void * fd_pack_leave ( fd_pack_t * pack ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return (void *)pack; }
    3385         243 : void * fd_pack_delete( void      * mem  ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return mem;          }

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