LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - disco/pack - fd_pack.c (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: cov.lcov Lines: 1530 1725 88.7 %
Date: 2026-10-27 04:27:07 Functions: 35 44 79.5 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : #define FD_UNALIGNED_ACCESS_STYLE 0
       2             : #include "fd_pack.h"
       3             : 
       4             : #define SORT_NAME        fd_pack_writer_cost_sort
       5         711 : #define SORT_KEY_T       fd_pack_addr_use_t
       6         447 : #define SORT_BEFORE(a,b) (FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_SORT_BEFORE(a,b))
       7             : #define SORT_FN_ATTR     __attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "undefined"))) /* excessive ASan slowdown */
       8             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_sort.c"
       9             : 
      10             : #include "fd_pack_cost.h"
      11             : #include "fd_pack_bitset.h"
      12             : #include "fd_pack_unwritable.h"
      13             : #include "fd_chkdup.h"
      14             : #include "fd_pack_tip_prog_blacklist.h"
      15             : #include <math.h> /* for sqrt */
      16             : #include <stddef.h> /* for offsetof */
      17             : #include "../metrics/fd_metrics.h"
      18             : #include "../../util/fd_hash32.h"
      19             : 
      20             : #define FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY 1
      21             : 
      22             : #if FD_HAS_AVX512 && FD_PACK_USE_NON_TEMPORAL_MEMCPY
      23             : #include "../../util/simd/fd_nt_memcpy.h"
      24        4504 : #define pack_memcpy_out  fd_memcpy_nt_nofence
      25        4988 : #define pack_memcpy_fini() _mm_sfence()
      26             : #else
      27        9008 : #define pack_memcpy_out  fd_memcpy
      28             : #define pack_memcpy_fini()
      29             : #endif
      30             : 
      31             : /* Declare a bunch of helper structs used for pack-internal data
      32             :    structures. */
      33             : typedef struct {
      34             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
      35             : } wrapped_acct_t;
      36             : 
      37             : /* fd_pack_ord_txn_t: An fd_txn_p_t with information required to order
      38             :    it by priority. */
      39             : struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn {
      40             :   /* It's important that there be no padding here (asserted below)
      41             :      because the code casts back and forth from pointers to this element
      42             :      to pointers to the whole struct. */
      43             :   union {
      44             :     fd_txn_p_t   txn[1];  /* txn is an alias for txn_e->txnp */
      45             :     fd_txn_e_t   txn_e[1];
      46             :     fd_txn_e_t   _txn_e;  /* Non-array type needed for map_chain */
      47             :   };
      48             : 
      49             :   /* Since this struct can be in one of several trees, it's helpful to
      50             :      store which tree.  This should be one of the FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_*
      51             :      values. */
      52             :   int root;
      53             : 
      54             :   /* The sig2txn map_chain fields */
      55             :   ushort sigmap_next;
      56             :   ushort sigmap_prev;
      57             : 
      58             :   /* Each transaction is inserted with an expiration "time."  This code
      59             :      doesn't care about the units (blocks, rdtsc tick, ns, etc.), and
      60             :      doesn't require transactions to be inserted in expiration date
      61             :      order. */
      62             :   ulong expires_at;
      63             :   /* expq_idx: When this object is part of one of the treaps, it's
      64             :      also in the expiration priority queue.  This field (which is
      65             :      manipulated behind the scenes by the fd_prq code) stores where so
      66             :      that if we delete this transaction, we can also delete it from the
      67             :      expiration priority queue. */
      68             :   ulong expq_idx;
      69             : 
      70             :   /* The noncemap map_chain fields */
      71             :   ushort noncemap_next;
      72             :   ushort noncemap_prev;
      73             :   /* For nonce transactions, we store the provided expires_at value here
      74             :      for use by the noncemap comparison functionality.  The actual
      75             :      expires_at value for nonce transactions is rewritten */
      76             :   ulong  nonce_expires_at;
      77             : 
      78             :   /* We want rewards*compute_est to fit in a ulong so that r1/c1 < r2/c2 can be
      79             :      computed as r1*c2 < r2*c1, with the product fitting in a ulong.
      80             :      compute_est has a small natural limit of mid-20 bits. rewards doesn't have
      81             :      a natural limit, so there is some argument to be made for raising the
      82             :      limit for rewards to 40ish bits. The struct has better packing with
      83             :      uint/uint though. */
      84             :   uint                __attribute__((aligned(64))) /* We want the treap fields and the bitsets
      85             :                                                        to be on the same double cache line pair */
      86             :                rewards;     /* in Lamports */
      87             :   uint         compute_est; /* in compute units */
      88             : 
      89             :   /* The treap fields */
      90             :   ushort left;
      91             :   ushort right;
      92             :   ushort parent;
      93             :   ushort prio;
      94             :   ushort prev;
      95             :   ushort next;
      96             : 
      97             :   /* skip: if we skip this transaction more than FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT times
      98             :      for reasons that won't go away until the end of the block, then we
      99             :      want to skip it very quickly.  If skip is in [1, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT],
     100             :      then that means we have to skip it `skip` more times before taking
     101             :      any action.  If skip>FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, then it is a compressed slot
     102             :      number during which it should be skipped, and we'll skip it until
     103             :      the compressed slot reaches a new value.  skip is never 0. */
     104             :   ushort skip;
     105             : 
     106             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset ); /* all accts this txn references */
     107             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset ); /* accts this txn write-locks    */
     108             : 
     109             : };
     110             : typedef struct fd_pack_private_ord_txn fd_pack_ord_txn_t;
     111             : 
     112             : /* We require that the payload starts at byte 0 of fd_pack_ord_txn_t,
     113             :    because we cast back and forth between fd_txn_p_t* and
     114             :    fd_pack_ord_txn_t*.
     115             :    GCC and Clang seem to disagree on the rules of offsetof. */
     116             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn          )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     117             : #if FD_USING_CLANG
     118             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_txn_p_t,             payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     119             : #else
     120             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn->payload )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     121             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof( fd_pack_ord_txn_t, txn_e->txnp  )==0UL, fd_pack_ord_txn_t );
     122             : #endif
     123             : 
     124             : /* FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT is essentially a small union packed into an int.  The low
     125             :    byte is the "tag".  The higher 3 bytes depend on the low byte. */
     126       28617 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK        0xFF
     127     1081239 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE            0
     128       34178 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING         1
     129        1428 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE  2
     130       30067 : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( idx ) (3 | (idx)<<8)
     131             : 
     132             : /* if root & TAG_MASK == PENALTY, then PENALTY_ACCT_IDX(root) gives the index
     133             :    in the transaction's list of account addresses of which penalty treap the
     134             :    transaction is in. */
     135             : #define FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root ) (((root) & 0xFF00)>>8)
     136             : 
     137      161988 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE    (0x8000000000000000UL)
     138      136858 : #define FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED (0x4000000000000000UL)
     139             : 
     140             : /* Each non-empty microblock we schedule also has an overhead of 48
     141             :    bytes that counts towards shed limits.  That comes from the 32 byte
     142             :    hash, the hash count (8 bytes) and the transaction count (8 bytes).
     143             :    We don't have to pay this overhead if the microblock is empty, since
     144             :    those microblocks get dropped. */
     145       30558 : #define MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD 48UL
     146             : 
     147             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t)==sizeof(fd_pubkey_t), "" );
     148             : 
     149             : /* fd_pack_expq_t: An element of an fd_prq to sort the transactions by
     150             :    timeout.  This structure has several invariants for entries
     151             :    corresponding to pending transactions:
     152             :      expires_at == txn->expires_at
     153             :      txn->exp_prq_idx is the index of this structure
     154             :    Notice that prq is an array-based heap, which means the indexes of
     155             :    elements change.  The PRQ_TMP_ST macro is hijacked to keep that
     156             :    invariant up to date.
     157             : 
     158             :    Note: this could be easier if fd_heap supported deleting from the
     159             :    middle, but that's not possible with the current design of fd_heap,
     160             :    which omits a parent pointer for improved performance. */
     161             : struct fd_pack_expq {
     162             :   ulong               expires_at;
     163             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn;
     164             : };
     165             : typedef struct fd_pack_expq fd_pack_expq_t;
     166             : 
     167             : 
     168             : /* fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t: An element of an fd_map_dynamic that
     169             :    maps an account address to the number of transactions that are
     170             :    referencing it and the bit that is reserved to indicate it in the
     171             :    bitset, if any. */
     172             : struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping {
     173             :   fd_acct_addr_t key; /* account address */
     174             :   ulong          ref_cnt;
     175             : 
     176             :   /* first_instance and first_instance_was_write are only valid when
     177             :      bit==FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, which is set when ref_cnt
     178             :      transitions from 0 to 1.  These just exist to implement the
     179             :      optimization that accounts referenced a single time aren't
     180             :      allocated a bit, but this seems to be an important optimization. */
     181             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * first_instance;
     182             :   int                 first_instance_was_write;
     183             : 
     184             :   /* bit is in [0, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX) U
     185             :      { FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE, FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH }. */
     186             :   ushort              bit;
     187             : };
     188             : typedef struct fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t;
     189             : 
     190             : 
     191             : struct fd_pack_wcost_ele {
     192             :   fd_acct_addr_t key; /* account address */
     193             :   ulong          total_cost;
     194             :   union {
     195             :     uint         map_next;
     196             :     uint         pool_next;
     197             :   };
     198             :   uint           map_prev;
     199             :   uint           dlist_next;
     200             :   uint           dlist_prev;
     201             : };
     202             : typedef struct fd_pack_wcost_ele fd_pack_wcost_ele_t;
     203             : 
     204             : 
     205             : /* pack maintains a small state machine related to initializer bundles.
     206             :    See the header file for more details about it, but it's
     207             :    also summarized here:
     208             :    * NOT_INITIALIZED: The starting state for each block
     209             :    * PENDING: an initializer bundle has been scheduled, but pack has
     210             :      not observed its result yet, so we don't know if it was successful
     211             :      or not.
     212             :    * FAILED: the most recently scheduled initializer bundle failed
     213             :      for reasons other than already being executed.  Most commonly, this
     214             :      could be because of a bug in the code that generated the
     215             :      initializer bundle, a lack of fee payer balance, or an expired
     216             :      blockhash.
     217             :    * READY: the most recently scheduled initialization bundle succeeded
     218             :      and normal bundles can be scheduled in this slot. */
     219           9 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED 0
     220           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING         1
     221           0 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED          2
     222         123 : #define FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           3
     223             : 
     224             : 
     225             : /* Returns 1 if x.rewards/x.compute < y.rewards/y.compute. Not robust. */
     226      108319 : #define COMPARE_WORSE(x,y) ( ((ulong)((x)->rewards)*(ulong)((y)->compute_est)) < ((ulong)((y)->rewards)*(ulong)((x)->compute_est)) )
     227             : 
     228             : /* Declare all the data structures */
     229             : 
     230             : 
     231             : /* Define the big max-"heap" that we pull transactions off to schedule.
     232             :    The priority is given by reward/compute.  We may want to add in some
     233             :    additional terms at a later point.  In order to cheaply remove nodes,
     234             :    we actually use a treap.  */
     235             : #define POOL_NAME       trp_pool
     236        1593 : #define POOL_T          fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     237             : #define POOL_IDX_T      ushort
     238      657558 : #define POOL_NEXT       parent
     239             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_pool.c"
     240             : 
     241             : #define TREAP_T         fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     242             : #define TREAP_NAME      treap
     243             : #define TREAP_QUERY_T   void *                                         /* We don't use query ... */
     244             : #define TREAP_CMP(a,b)  (__extension__({ (void)(a); (void)(b); -1; })) /* which means we don't need to give a real
     245             :                                                                           implementation to cmp either */
     246      428538 : #define TREAP_IDX_T     ushort
     247             : #define TREAP_OPTIMIZE_ITERATION 1
     248      108319 : #define TREAP_LT        COMPARE_WORSE
     249             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_treap.c"
     250             : 
     251             : 
     252             : #define MAP_NAME              sig2txn
     253             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     254             : #define MAP_MULTI              1
     255       30654 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     256       47787 : #define MAP_PREV               sigmap_prev
     257       71135 : #define MAP_NEXT               sigmap_next
     258       36583 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     259             : 
     260             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     261       61083 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     262       64326 : #define TXNE_TO_SIG(ptr)       (__extension__({ fd_txn_p_t const * __p = (ptr)->txnp; __p->payload + TXN(__p)->signature_off;  }))
     263        1089 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      (!memcmp( TXNE_TO_SIG(k0), TXNE_TO_SIG(k1), FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ) )
     264       62148 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) fd_hash( (seed), TXNE_TO_SIG(key), 64UL )
     265             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     266             : 
     267             : 
     268             : /* noncemap: A map from (nonce account, nonce authority) to a durable
     269             :    nonce transaction containing it.  We only want to allow one
     270             :    transaction in the pool at a time with a given (nonce account, nonce
     271             :    authority) tuple value, keeping the one with the blockhash value
     272             :    derived from the newest blockhash, breaking ties by value.  The
     273             :    question is: can adding this limitation cause us to throw out
     274             :    potentially valuable transaction?  The answer is yes, but only very
     275             :    rarely, and the savings are worth it.  Suppose we have durable nonce
     276             :    transactions t1 and t2 that advance the same nonce account.
     277             : 
     278             :    If t1 and t2 have the same recent blockhash value:
     279             :    - If t1 lands on chain, then it will advance the nonce account, and
     280             :    t2 certainly cannot land on chain.
     281             :    - If t1 fails with AlreadyExecuted, that means the nonce account was
     282             :    advanced when t1 landed in a previous block, so t2 will certainly not
     283             :    land on chain either.
     284             :    - If t1 fails with BlockhashNotFound, then the nonce account was
     285             :    advanced in some previous transaction, so again, t2 will certainly
     286             :    not land on chain.
     287             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because of an issue with the fee
     288             :    payer, it's possible that t2 could land on chain if it used a
     289             :    different fee payer, but historical data shows this is unlikely.
     290             :    - If t1 does not land on chain because it is part of a bundle that
     291             :    fails for an unrelated reason, it's possible that t2 could land on
     292             :    chain, but again, historical data says this is rare.
     293             : 
     294             :    Otherwise, suppose t1's recent blockhash value is the value based on
     295             :    slot s1's blockhash (which is written to nonce accounts when
     296             :    executing in slot s1+1) and similarly for s2, and that s1<s2.
     297             :    Then we'll throw out t1 and only try to pack t2.
     298             : 
     299             :    The sender will only send t2 if they think the nonce account contains
     300             :    (or will contain) the value based on slot s2's blockhash, which means
     301             :    they think a transaction landed or will land in slot s2+1.
     302             :    If a transaction updating the nonce account did land in slot s2+1,
     303             :    then t1 can never land, so throwing it out is safe.
     304             :    It's possible, but seems unlikely, that the sender could be
     305             :    speculating and has only seen slot s2 but not s2+1 yet.  In that
     306             :    case, if we are leader for both s2+1, we could pack t1 in s2+1 and t2
     307             :    in a later slot.  Again, this is a case where we'll take the small
     308             :    hit in exchange for the simplification.
     309             : 
     310             :    We need to include the nonce authority in the hash to prevent one
     311             :    user from being able to DoS another user. */
     312             : 
     313             : typedef struct {
     314             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_acct;
     315             :   fd_acct_addr_t const * nonce_auth;
     316             : } noncemap_extract_t;
     317             : 
     318             : /* k must be a valid, durable nonce transaction.  No error checking is
     319             :    done. */
     320             : static inline void
     321             : noncemap_extract( fd_txn_e_t const   * k,
     322        3366 :                   noncemap_extract_t * out ) {
     323        3366 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(k->txnp);
     324             : 
     325        3366 :   ulong nonce_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+0 ];
     326        3366 :   ulong autho_idx = k->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ];
     327             : 
     328        3366 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
     329        3366 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, k->txnp->payload );
     330        3366 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = k->alt_accts - imm_cnt;
     331        3366 :   out->nonce_acct = fd_ptr_if( nonce_idx<imm_cnt, accts, alt_adj )+nonce_idx;
     332             :   /* The nonce authority must be a signer, so it must be an immediate
     333             :      account. */
     334        3366 :   out->nonce_auth = accts+autho_idx;
     335        3366 : }
     336             : 
     337             : static inline int
     338             : noncemap_key_eq_internal( fd_txn_e_t const * k0,
     339         162 :                           fd_txn_e_t const * k1 ) {
     340         162 :   noncemap_extract_t e0[1], e1[1];
     341         162 :   noncemap_extract( k0, e0 );
     342         162 :   noncemap_extract( k1, e1 );
     343             : 
     344         162 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_acct,       e1->nonce_acct,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     345         162 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( memcmp( e0->nonce_auth,       e1->nonce_auth,       32UL ) ) ) return 0;
     346         162 :   return 1;
     347         162 : }
     348             : 
     349             : #if FD_HAS_INT128
     350             : 
     351             : /* unrolled xxHash3 */
     352             : 
     353             : static inline ulong
     354             : noncemap_key_hash_internal( ulong              seed,
     355        3042 :                             fd_txn_e_t const * k ) {
     356        3042 :   noncemap_extract_t e[1];
     357        3042 :   noncemap_extract( k, e );
     358             : 
     359        3042 :   ulong k0 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   + 0 );
     360        3042 :   ulong k1 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   + 8 );
     361        3042 :   ulong k2 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   +16 );
     362        3042 :   ulong k3 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_acct->b   +24 );
     363        3042 :   ulong k4 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   + 0 );
     364        3042 :   ulong k5 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   + 8 );
     365        3042 :   ulong k6 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   +16 );
     366        3042 :   ulong k7 = FD_LOAD( ulong, e->nonce_auth->b   +24 );
     367             : 
     368        3042 :   ulong acc = 96 * 0x9E3779B185EBCA87ULL;
     369        3042 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k4, k5, 0xcb00c391bb52283cUL, 0xa32e531b8b65d088UL, seed );
     370        3042 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k6, k7, 0x4ef90da297486471UL, 0xd8acdea946ef1938UL, seed );
     371        3042 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k2, k3, 0x78e5c0cc4ee679cbUL, 0x2172ffcc7dd05a82UL, seed );
     372        3042 :   acc += fd_xxh3_mix16b( k0, k1, 0xbe4ba423396cfeb8UL, 0x1cad21f72c81017cUL, seed );
     373        3042 :   acc = acc ^ (acc >> 37);
     374        3042 :   acc *= 0x165667919E3779F9ULL;
     375        3042 :   acc = acc ^ (acc >> 32);
     376        3042 :   return acc;
     377        3042 : }
     378             : 
     379             : #else
     380             : 
     381             : static inline ulong
     382             : noncemap_key_hash_internal( ulong              seed,
     383             :                             fd_txn_e_t const * k ) {
     384             :   noncemap_extract_t e[1];
     385             :   noncemap_extract( k, e );
     386             : 
     387             :   uchar buf[ 64 ];
     388             :   memcpy( buf,      e->nonce_acct->b,     32UL );
     389             :   memcpy( buf+32UL, e->nonce_auth->b,     32UL );
     390             :   return fd_hash( seed, buf, 64UL );
     391             : }
     392             : 
     393             : #endif
     394             : 
     395             : #define MAP_NAME               noncemap
     396             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     397             : #define MAP_MULTI              0
     398         378 : #define MAP_ELE_T              fd_pack_ord_txn_t
     399         387 : #define MAP_PREV               noncemap_prev
     400         900 : #define MAP_NEXT               noncemap_next
     401        4188 : #define MAP_IDX_T              ushort
     402             : #define MAP_KEY_T              fd_txn_e_t
     403         765 : #define MAP_KEY                _txn_e
     404         162 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)      noncemap_key_eq_internal( (k0), (k1) )
     405        3042 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,seed) noncemap_key_hash_internal( (seed), (key) )
     406             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     407             : 
     408             : 
     409             : static const fd_acct_addr_t null_addr = { 0 };
     410             : 
     411             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_uses
     412      488709 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_addr_use_t
     413      599832 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     414    11850707 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     415             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     416      599832 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     417             : #else
     418             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     419             : #endif
     420      379388 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     421             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     422             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     423      692345 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     424             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     425             : 
     426             : #define MAP_NAME              wcost_map
     427        4842 : #define MAP_ELE_T             fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     428             : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     429      189499 : #define MAP_IDX_T             uint
     430       16896 : #define MAP_NEXT              map_next
     431       11906 : #define MAP_PREV              map_prev
     432             : #define MAP_OPTIMIZE_RANDOM_ACCESS_REMOVAL 1
     433       94827 : #define MAP_KEY_EQ(k0,k1)     (!memcmp((k0)->b,(k1)->b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     434      134746 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key)->b, (s) ))
     435             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_chain.c"
     436             : 
     437             : #define POOL_NAME             wcost_pool
     438        1062 : #define POOL_T                fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     439             : #define POOL_IDX_T            uint
     440    84976579 : #define POOL_NEXT             pool_next
     441             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_pool.c"
     442             : 
     443             : #define DLIST_NAME            wcost_dlist
     444             : #define DLIST_ELE_T           fd_pack_wcost_ele_t
     445             : #define DLIST_IDX_T           uint
     446       16579 : #define DLIST_NEXT            dlist_next
     447       11740 : #define DLIST_PREV            dlist_prev
     448             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_dlist.c"
     449             : 
     450             : #define MAP_NAME              bitset_map
     451      443095 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t
     452      516246 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     453    79725579 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     454             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     455    63381654 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     456             : #else
     457             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     458             : #endif
     459      360469 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     460             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     461             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     462      441298 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     463             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     464             : 
     465             : 
     466             : #define MAP_NAME              acct_blocklist
     467      214005 : #define MAP_T                 wrapped_acct_t
     468             : /* Add 1 to the slot cnt to ensure the map is sparse even at capacity */
     469      231198 : #define MAP_LG_SLOT_CNT       (FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_LG_MAX+1)
     470      213477 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     471       17184 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     472             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     473      428499 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     474             : #else
     475             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     476             : #endif
     477      213414 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     478             : /* It would be nice if this were seeded, but since fd_map doesn't have
     479             :    any auxiliary data, there's not a clear place to store the seed.
     480             :    It's okay though, because the insert process is trusted, since it
     481             :    comes from operator config. */
     482      213468 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key)     ((uint)fd_ulong_hash( fd_ulong_load_8( (key).b ) ))
     483             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     484             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     485             : #define MAX_QUERY_OPT         2 /* rare hits */
     486             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map.c"
     487             : 
     488             : /* Since transactions can also expire, we also maintain a parallel
     489             :    priority queue.  This means elements are simultaneously part of the
     490             :    treap (ordered by priority) and the expiration queue (ordered by
     491             :    expiration).  It's tempting to use the priority field of the treap
     492             :    for this purpose, but that can result in degenerate treaps in some
     493             :    cases. */
     494             : #define PRQ_NAME             expq
     495      106941 : #define PRQ_T                fd_pack_expq_t
     496       63789 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT_T        ulong
     497       63789 : #define PRQ_TIMEOUT          expires_at
     498       51477 : #define PRQ_TMP_ST(p,t)      do {                                   \
     499       51477 :                                (p)[0] = (t);                        \
     500       51477 :                                t.txn->expq_idx = (ulong)((p)-heap); \
     501       51477 :                              } while( 0 )
     502             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_prq.c"
     503             : 
     504             : /* With realistic traffic patterns, we often see many, many transactions
     505             :    competing for the same writable account.  Since only one of these can
     506             :    execute at a time, we sometimes waste lots of scheduling time going
     507             :    through them one at a time.  To combat that, when a transaction
     508             :    writes to an account with more than PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD
     509             :    references (readers or writers), instead of inserting it into the
     510             :    main treap, we insert it into a penalty treap for that specific hot
     511             :    account address.  These transactions are not immediately available
     512             :    for scheduling.  Then, when a transaction that writes to the hot
     513             :    address completes, we move the most lucrative transaction from the
     514             :    penalty treap to the main treap, making it available for scheduling.
     515             :    This policy may slightly violate the price-time priority scheduling
     516             :    approach pack normally uses: if the most lucrative transaction
     517             :    competing for hot state arrives after PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD has
     518             :    been hit, it may be scheduled second instead of first.  However, if
     519             :    the account is in use at the time the new transaction arrives, it
     520             :    will be scheduled next, as desired.  This minor difference seems
     521             :    reasonable to reduce complexity.
     522             : 
     523             :    fd_pack_penalty_treap is one account-specific penalty treap.  All the
     524             :    transactions in the penalty_treap treap write to key.
     525             : 
     526             :    penalty_map is the fd_map_dynamic that maps accounts to their
     527             :    respective penalty treaps. */
     528             : struct fd_pack_penalty_treap {
     529             :   fd_acct_addr_t key;
     530             :   treap_t penalty_treap[1];
     531             : };
     532             : typedef struct fd_pack_penalty_treap fd_pack_penalty_treap_t;
     533             : 
     534             : #define MAP_NAME              penalty_map
     535       73183 : #define MAP_T                 fd_pack_penalty_treap_t
     536       72139 : #define MAP_KEY_T             fd_acct_addr_t
     537     1244565 : #define MAP_KEY_NULL          null_addr
     538             : #if FD_HAS_AVX
     539     1054411 : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     _mm256_testz_si256( wb_ldu( (k).b ), wb_ldu( (k).b ) )
     540             : #else
     541             : # define MAP_KEY_INVAL(k)     MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k, null_addr)
     542             : #endif
     543       72097 : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL(k0,k1)  (!memcmp((k0).b,(k1).b, FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_SZ))
     544             : #define MAP_KEY_EQUAL_IS_SLOW 1
     545             : #define MAP_MEMOIZE           0
     546       72118 : #define MAP_KEY_HASH(key,s)   ((uint)fd_hash32( (key).b, (s) ))
     547             : #include "../../util/tmpl/fd_map_dynamic.c"
     548             : 
     549             : /* PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD: How many references to an account do we
     550             :    allow before subsequent transactions that write to the account go to
     551             :    the penalty treap. */
     552      162702 : #define PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD 64UL
     553             : 
     554             : 
     555             : /* FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT: How many times we'll skip a transaction (for
     556             :    reasons other than account conflicts) before we won't consider it
     557             :    until the next slot.  For performance reasons, this doesn't reset at
     558             :    the end of a slot, so e.g. we might skip twice in slot 1, then three
     559             :    times in slot 2, which would be enough to prevent considering it
     560             :    until slot 3.  The main reason this is not 1 is that some skips that
     561             :    seem permanent until the end of the slot can actually go away based
     562             :    on rebates. */
     563       35130 : #define FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT 50UL
     564             : 
     565             : /* Finally, we can now declare the main pack data structure */
     566             : struct fd_pack_private {
     567             :   ulong      pack_depth;
     568             :   ulong      bundle_meta_sz; /* if 0, bundles are disabled */
     569             :   ulong      bank_tile_cnt;
     570             : 
     571             :   fd_pack_limits_t lim[1];
     572             : 
     573             :   ulong      pending_txn_cnt; /* Summed across all treaps */
     574             :   ulong      microblock_cnt; /* How many microblocks have we
     575             :                                 generated in this block? */
     576             :   ulong      data_bytes_consumed; /* How much data is in this block so
     577             :                                      far ? */
     578             :   /* There's a limit on the total amount that transactions in a block
     579             :      can allocate.  How much of that limit have we consumed? */
     580             :   ulong      alloc_consumed;
     581             : 
     582             :   /* counters / gauge for schedule outcome enums */
     583             :   ulong      sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_CNT ];
     584             : 
     585             :   fd_rng_t * rng;
     586             : 
     587             :   ulong      cumulative_block_cost;
     588             : 
     589             :   /* expire_before: Any transactions with expires_at strictly less than
     590             :      the current expire_before are removed from the available pending
     591             :      transaction.  Here, "expire" is used as a verb: cause all
     592             :      transactions before this time to expire. */
     593             :   ulong      expire_before;
     594             : 
     595             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask: a bitmask indicating which banking
     596             :      tiles have outstanding microblocks, i.e. fd_pack has generated a
     597             :      microblock for that banking tile and the banking tile has not yet
     598             :      notified fd_pack that it has completed it. */
     599             :   ulong      outstanding_microblock_mask;
     600             : 
     601             :   /* The actual footprint for the pool and maps is allocated
     602             :      in the same order in which they are declared immediately following
     603             :      the struct.  I.e. these pointers point to memory not far after the
     604             :      struct.  The trees are just pointers into the pool so don't take up
     605             :      more space. */
     606             : 
     607             :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool;
     608             : 
     609             :   /* Treaps (sorted by priority) of pending transactions.  We store the
     610             :      transactions that come from bundles separately. */
     611             :   treap_t pending[1];
     612             :   treap_t pending_bundles[1];
     613             : 
     614             :   /* penalty_treaps: an fd_map_dynamic mapping hotly contended account
     615             :      addresses to treaps of transactions that write to them.  We try not
     616             :      to allow more than roughly PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD transactions in
     617             :      the main treap that write to each account, though this is not
     618             :      exact. */
     619             :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treaps;
     620             : 
     621             :   /* initializer_bundle_state: The current state of the initialization
     622             :      bundle state machine.  One of the FD_PACK_IB_STATE_* values.  See
     623             :      the long comment in the header and the comments attached to the
     624             :      respective values for a discussion of what each state means and the
     625             :      transitions between them. */
     626             :   int   initializer_bundle_state;
     627             : 
     628             :   /* relative_bundle_idx: the number of bundles that have been inserted
     629             :      since the last time pending_bundles was empty.  See the long
     630             :      comment about encoding this index in the rewards field of each
     631             :      transaction in the bundle, and why it is important that this reset
     632             :      to 0 as frequently as possible. */
     633             :   ulong relative_bundle_idx;
     634             : 
     635             :   /* pending_smallest: keep a conservative estimate of the
     636             :      smallest transaction (by cost units and by bytes) in the pending
     637             :      treap.  Both CUs and bytes should be set to ULONG_MAX if the treap
     638             :      is empty. */
     639             :   fd_pack_smallest_t pending_smallest[1];
     640             : 
     641             :   /* expiration_q: At the same time that a transaction is in exactly one
     642             :      of the above treaps, it is also in the expiration queue, sorted by
     643             :      its expiration time.  This enables deleting all transactions that
     644             :      have expired, regardless of which treap they are in. */
     645             :   fd_pack_expq_t * expiration_q;
     646             : 
     647             :   /* acct_in_use: Map from account address to bitmask indicating which
     648             :      bank tiles are using the account and whether that use is read or
     649             :      write (msb). */
     650             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   * acct_in_use;
     651             : 
     652             :   /* bitset_{w, rw}_in_use stores a subset of the information in
     653             :      acct_in_use using the compressed set format explained at the top of
     654             :      this file.  rw_in_use stores accounts in use for read or write
     655             :      while w_in_use stores only those in use for write. */
     656             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
     657             :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
     658             : 
     659             :   /* writer_costs: Map (fd_map_chain) from account addresses to the sum
     660             :      of costs of transactions that write to the account.  Used for
     661             :      enforcing limits on the max write cost per account per block. */
     662             :   wcost_map_t   * writer_costs;
     663             : 
     664             :   /* written_list: At the end of every slot, we have to clear out
     665             :      writer_costs.  The map is large, but typically very sparsely
     666             :      populated.  As an optimization, we keep a doubly linked list of the
     667             :      elements actually used */
     668             :   wcost_dlist_t  written_list[1];
     669             : 
     670             :   /* writers: This is the fd_pool that backs writer_costs and
     671             :      written_list.  Each element is either in writers (as a fd_pool) OR
     672             :      in both writer_costs and written_list. */
     673             :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t  * writers;
     674             : 
     675             :   /* top_writers: A simple max heap of the top 5 writers in the slot,
     676             :      used by downstream consumers for monitoring purposes. */
     677             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[ FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT ];
     678             : 
     679             :   /* At initialization time, the caller can configure a blocklist of
     680             :      accounts.  Any transaction that includes one of these accounts will
     681             :      be rejected.  This is an fd_map, and it's effectively const. */
     682             :   wrapped_acct_t        acct_blocklist[ 2*FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ];
     683             : 
     684             :   /* Noncemap is a map_chain that maps from tuples (nonce account,
     685             :      recent blockhash value, nonce authority) to a transaction.  This
     686             :      map stores exactly the transactions in pool that have the nonce
     687             :      flag set. */
     688             :   noncemap_t * noncemap;
     689             : 
     690             :   sig2txn_t * signature_map; /* Stores pointers into pool for deleting by signature */
     691             : 
     692             :   /* bundle_temp_map: A fd_map_dynamic (although it could be an fd_map)
     693             :      used during fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle to store information about
     694             :      what accounts are used by transactions in the bundle.  It's empty
     695             :      (in a map sense) outside of calls to try_schedule_bundle, and each
     696             :      call to try_schedule_bundle clears it after use.  If bundles are
     697             :      disabled, this is a valid fd_map_dynamic, but it's as small as
     698             :      convenient and remains empty. */
     699             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_map;
     700             : 
     701             : 
     702             :   /* use_by_bank: An array of size (max_txn_per_microblock *
     703             :      FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX) for each banking tile.  Only the MSB of
     704             :      in_use_by is relevant.  Addressed use_by_bank[i][j] where i is in
     705             :      [0, bank_tile_cnt) and j is in [0, use_by_bank_cnt[i]).  Used
     706             :      mostly for clearing the proper bits of acct_in_use when a
     707             :      microblock finishes.
     708             : 
     709             :      use_by_bank_txn: indexed [i][j], where i is in [0, bank_tile_cnt)
     710             :      and j is in [0, max_txn_per_microblock).  Transaction j in the
     711             :      microblock currently scheduled to bank i uses account addresses in
     712             :      use_by_bank[i][k] where k is in [0, use_by_bank[i][j]).  For
     713             :      example, if use_by_bank[i][0] = 2 and use_by_bank[i][1] = 3, then
     714             :      all the accounts that the first transaction in the outstanding
     715             :      microblock for bank 0 uses are contained in the set
     716             :                { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1] },
     717             :      and all the accounts in the second transaction in the microblock
     718             :      are in the set
     719             :         { use_by_bank[i][0], use_by_bank[i][1], use_by_bank[i][2] }.
     720             :      Each transaction writes to at least one account (the fee payer)
     721             :      that no other transaction scheduled to the bank uses, which means
     722             :      that use_by_bank_txn[i][j] - use_by_bank_txn[i][j-1] >= 1 (with 0
     723             :      for use_by_bank_txn[i][-1]).  This means we can stop iterating when
     724             :      use_by_bank_txn[i][j] == use_by_bank_cnt[i].  */
     725             :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank    [ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     726             :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     727             :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn[ FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES ];
     728             : 
     729             :   fd_histf_t txn_per_microblock[ 1 ];
     730             : 
     731             :   fd_histf_t scheduled_cus_per_block[ 1 ];
     732             :   fd_histf_t rebated_cus_per_block  [ 1 ];
     733             :   fd_histf_t net_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     734             :   fd_histf_t pct_cus_per_block      [ 1 ];
     735             :   ulong      cumulative_rebated_cus;
     736             : 
     737             : 
     738             :   /* compressed_slot_number: a number in (FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, USHORT_MAX]
     739             :      that advances each time we start packing for a new slot. */
     740             :   ushort     compressed_slot_number;
     741             : 
     742             :   /* bitset_avail: a stack of which bits are not currently reserved and
     743             :      can be used to represent an account address.
     744             :      Indexed [0, bitset_avail_cnt].  Element 0 is fixed at
     745             :      FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH. */
     746             :   ushort bitset_avail[ 1UL+FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ];
     747             :   ulong  bitset_avail_cnt;
     748             : 
     749             :   /* acct_to_bitset: an fd_map_dynamic that maps acct addresses to the
     750             :      reference count, which bit, etc. */
     751             :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * acct_to_bitset;
     752             : 
     753             :   /* chdkup: scratch memory chkdup needs for its internal processing */
     754             :   fd_chkdup_t chkdup[ 1 ];
     755             : 
     756             :   /* bundle_meta: an array, parallel to the pool, with each element
     757             :      having size bundle_meta_sz.  I.e. if pool[i] has an associated
     758             :      bundle meta, it's located at bundle_meta[j] for j in
     759             :      [i*bundle_meta_sz, (i+1)*bundle_meta_sz). */
     760             :   void * bundle_meta;
     761             : };
     762             : 
     763             : typedef struct fd_pack_private fd_pack_t;
     764             : 
     765             : FD_STATIC_ASSERT( offsetof(fd_pack_t, pending_txn_cnt)==FD_PACK_PENDING_TXN_CNT_OFF, txn_cnt_off );
     766             : 
     767             : /* Forward-declare some helper functions */
     768             : static ulong delete_transaction( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn, int delete_full_bundle, int move_from_penalty_treap );
     769             : static inline void insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t * pack, ulong bundle_idx, ulong txn_cnt, fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle, ulong expires_at );
     770             : 
     771             : FD_FN_PURE ulong
     772             : fd_pack_footprint( ulong                    pack_depth,
     773             :                    ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     774             :                    ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     775         522 :                    fd_pack_limits_t const * limits         ) {
     776         522 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (bank_tile_cnt==0) | (bank_tile_cnt>FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES) ) ) return 0UL;
     777         522 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack_depth<4UL ) ) return 0UL;
     778             : 
     779         522 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     780         522 :   ulong l;
     781         522 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL ); /* space for use between init and fini */
     782         522 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     783         522 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     784         522 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     785         522 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     786         522 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     787             : 
     788         522 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     789         522 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     790         522 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     791         522 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     792         522 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     793         522 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     794             : 
     795             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     796         522 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     797         522 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     798         522 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     799         522 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     800             : 
     801         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_INIT;
     802         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                               );
     803         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align (),   trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth   ) ); /* pool           */
     804         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp         ) ); /* penalty_treaps */
     805         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, expq_align     (),   expq_footprint     ( pack_depth               ) ); /* expiration prq */
     806         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz           ) ); /* acct_in_use    */
     807         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, wcost_map_align(),   wcost_map_footprint( wcost_chain_cnt          ) ); /* writer_costs   */
     808         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, wcost_pool_align(),  wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block         ) ); /* writers        */
     809         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, noncemap_align (),   noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt          ) ); /* noncemap       */
     810         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align  (),   sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt            ) ); /* signature_map  */
     811         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp           ) ); /* bundle_temp_map*/
     812         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight   ); /* use_by_bank    */
     813         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                 ); /* use_by_bank_txn*/
     814         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp          ) ); /* acct_to_bitset */
     815         522 :   l = FD_LAYOUT_APPEND( l, 64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz         ); /* bundle_meta */
     816         522 :   return FD_LAYOUT_FINI( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN );
     817         522 : }
     818             : 
     819             : void *
     820             : fd_pack_new( void                   * mem,
     821             :              ulong                    pack_depth,
     822             :              ulong                    bundle_meta_sz,
     823             :              ulong                    bank_tile_cnt,
     824             :              fd_pack_limits_t const * limits,
     825             :              fd_acct_addr_t const *   acct_blocklist,
     826             :              ulong                    acct_blocklist_cnt,
     827         537 :              fd_rng_t               * rng           ) {
     828             : 
     829         537 :   int enable_bundles = !!bundle_meta_sz;
     830         537 :   ulong extra_depth        = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     831         537 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     832         537 :   ulong max_txn_per_mblk   = fd_ulong_max( limits->max_txn_per_microblock,
     833         537 :                                            fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     834         537 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_mblk + 1UL);
     835         537 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_mblk;
     836             : 
     837         537 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( limits->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     838         537 :                                            max_txn_per_mblk * limits->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     839         537 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     840         537 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     841         537 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     842         537 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     843             : 
     844             :   /* log base 2, but with a 2* so that the hash table stays sparse */
     845         537 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     846         537 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     847         537 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     848         537 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     849             : 
     850         537 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     851         537 :   fd_pack_t * pack    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  FD_PACK_ALIGN,       sizeof(fd_pack_t)                             );
     852             :   /* The pool has one extra element that is used between insert_init and
     853             :      cancel/fini. */
     854         537 :   void * _pool        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  trp_pool_align(),    trp_pool_footprint ( pack_depth+extra_depth ) );
     855         537 :   void * _penalty_map = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  penalty_map_align(), penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp       ) );
     856         537 :   void * _expq        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  expq_align(),        expq_footprint     ( pack_depth             ) );
     857         537 :   void * _uses        = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz         ) );
     858         537 :   void * _writer_cost = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  wcost_map_align(),   wcost_map_footprint( wcost_chain_cnt        ) );
     859         537 :   void * _written_lst = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  wcost_pool_align(),  wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block       ) );
     860         537 :   void * _noncemap    = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  noncemap_align(),    noncemap_footprint ( nonce_chain_cnt        ) );
     861         537 :   void * _sig_map     = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  sig2txn_align(),     sig2txn_footprint  ( sig_chain_cnt          ) );
     862         537 :   void * _bundle_temp = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  acct_uses_align(),   acct_uses_footprint( lg_bundle_temp         ) );
     863         537 :   void * _use_by_bank = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight );
     864         537 :   void * _use_by_txn  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  32UL,                sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight               );
     865         537 :   void * _acct_bitset = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  bitset_map_align(),  bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp        ) );
     866         537 :   void * bundle_meta  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l,  64UL,                (pack_depth+extra_depth)*bundle_meta_sz       );
     867             : 
     868         537 :   pack->pack_depth                  = pack_depth;
     869         537 :   pack->bundle_meta_sz              = bundle_meta_sz;
     870         537 :   pack->bank_tile_cnt               = bank_tile_cnt;
     871         537 :   pack->lim[0]                      = *limits;
     872         537 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt             = 0UL;
     873         537 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
     874         537 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
     875         537 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
     876         537 :   memset( pack->sched_results, 0, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
     877         537 :   pack->rng                         = rng;
     878         537 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
     879         537 :   pack->expire_before               = 0UL;
     880         537 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
     881         537 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
     882             : 
     883         537 :   acct_blocklist_new( pack->acct_blocklist );
     884         537 :   int ins_failed = acct_blocklist_cnt>FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX;
     885         603 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (!ins_failed) & (i<acct_blocklist_cnt); i++ ) {
     886          66 :     ins_failed |= acct_blocklist_key_inval( acct_blocklist[i] ) ||
     887          66 :                   (NULL==acct_blocklist_insert( pack->acct_blocklist, acct_blocklist[i] ));
     888          66 :   }
     889         537 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ins_failed ) ) {
     890           6 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "constructing the account blocklist failed.  Ensure the list contains no more than %lu "
     891           6 :                      "entries, and does not contain duplicates or the System Program (11...111)", FD_PACK_ACCT_BLOCKLIST_MAX ));
     892           6 :     return NULL;
     893           6 :   }
     894             : 
     895         531 :   trp_pool_new(  _pool,        pack_depth+extra_depth );
     896             : 
     897         531 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool = trp_pool_join( _pool );
     898         531 :   treap_seed( pool, pack_depth+extra_depth, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     899      591684 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack_depth+extra_depth; i++ ) pool[i].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
     900             : 
     901         531 :   (void)trp_pool_leave( pool );
     902             : 
     903         531 :   penalty_map_new( _penalty_map, lg_penalty_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     904             : 
     905             :   /* These treaps can have at most pack_depth elements at any moment,
     906             :      but they come from a pool of size pack_depth+extra_depth. */
     907         531 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending,         pack_depth+extra_depth );
     908         531 :   treap_new( (void*)pack->pending_bundles, pack_depth+extra_depth );
     909             : 
     910         531 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
     911         531 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
     912             : 
     913         531 :   expq_new( _expq, pack_depth );
     914             : 
     915         531 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
     916         531 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
     917             : 
     918         531 :   acct_uses_new( _uses,        lg_uses_tbl_sz, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     919         531 :   acct_uses_new( _bundle_temp, lg_bundle_temp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     920             : 
     921         531 :   wcost_map_new  ( _writer_cost, wcost_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     922         531 :   wcost_dlist_new( pack->written_list                                 );
     923         531 :   wcost_pool_new ( _written_lst, max_w_per_block                      );
     924             : 
     925         531 :   noncemap_new( _noncemap, nonce_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     926             : 
     927         531 :   sig2txn_new( _sig_map, sig_chain_cnt, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     928             : 
     929         531 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = (fd_pack_addr_use_t *)_use_by_bank;
     930         531 :   ulong *              use_by_bank_txn = (ulong *)_use_by_txn;
     931        6759 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) {
     932        6228 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = use_by_bank + i*(FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX*max_txn_per_mblk+1UL);
     933        6228 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     934        6228 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = use_by_bank_txn + i*max_txn_per_mblk;
     935        6228 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i][0] = 0UL;
     936        6228 :   }
     937       27225 :   for( ulong i=bank_tile_cnt; i<FD_PACK_MAX_EXECLE_TILES; i++ ) {
     938       26694 :     pack->use_by_bank    [i] = NULL;
     939       26694 :     pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
     940       26694 :     pack->use_by_bank_txn[i] = NULL;
     941       26694 :   }
     942             : 
     943         531 :   fd_histf_new( pack->txn_per_microblock, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ),
     944         531 :                                           FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK ) );
     945             : 
     946         531 :   fd_histf_new( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, COST_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ),
     947         531 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, COST_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK ) );
     948         531 :   fd_histf_new( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK     ),
     949         531 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK     ) );
     950         531 :   fd_histf_new( pack->net_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, COST_NET_PER_BLOCK       ),
     951         531 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, COST_NET_PER_BLOCK       ) );
     952         531 :   fd_histf_new( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       FD_MHIST_MIN( PACK, COST_PER_BLOCK_PCT       ),
     953         531 :                                                FD_MHIST_MAX( PACK, COST_PER_BLOCK_PCT       ) );
     954             : 
     955         531 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
     956             : 
     957         531 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
     958      181779 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
     959         531 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
     960             : 
     961         531 :   bitset_map_new( _acct_bitset, lg_acct_in_trp, fd_rng_ulong( rng ) );
     962             : 
     963         531 :   fd_chkdup_new( pack->chkdup, rng );
     964             : 
     965         531 :   pack->bundle_meta = bundle_meta;
     966             : 
     967         531 :   return mem;
     968         537 : }
     969             : 
     970             : fd_pack_t *
     971         531 : fd_pack_join( void * mem ) {
     972         531 :   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_INIT( l, mem );
     973         531 :   fd_pack_t * pack  = FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, FD_PACK_ALIGN, sizeof(fd_pack_t) );
     974             : 
     975         531 :   int enable_bundles = !!pack->bundle_meta_sz;
     976         531 :   ulong pack_depth             = pack->pack_depth;
     977         531 :   ulong extra_depth            = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, 1UL+2UL*FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 1UL );
     978         531 :   ulong bank_tile_cnt          = pack->bank_tile_cnt;
     979         531 :   ulong max_txn_per_microblock = fd_ulong_max( pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock,
     980         531 :                                                fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE, 0UL ) );
     981             : 
     982         531 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
     983         531 :   ulong max_acct_in_flight = bank_tile_cnt * (FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX * max_txn_per_microblock + 1UL);
     984         531 :   ulong max_txn_in_flight  = bank_tile_cnt * max_txn_per_microblock;
     985         531 :   ulong max_w_per_block    = fd_ulong_min( pack->lim->max_cost_per_block / FD_PACK_COST_PER_WRITABLE_ACCT,
     986         531 :                                            max_txn_per_microblock * pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX );
     987         531 :   ulong wcost_chain_cnt    = wcost_map_chain_cnt_est( max_w_per_block );
     988         531 :   ulong bundle_temp_accts  = fd_ulong_if( enable_bundles, FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE*FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX, 1UL );
     989         531 :   ulong sig_chain_cnt      = sig2txn_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     990         531 :   ulong nonce_chain_cnt    = noncemap_chain_cnt_est( pack_depth );
     991             : 
     992         531 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_flight                        ) );
     993         531 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap                         ) );
     994         531 :   int lg_penalty_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap/PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD ) );
     995         531 :   int lg_bundle_temp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*bundle_temp_accts                         ) );
     996             : 
     997             : 
     998         531 :   pack->pool          = trp_pool_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, trp_pool_align(),   trp_pool_footprint   ( pack_depth+extra_depth  ) ) );
     999         531 :   pack->penalty_treaps= penalty_map_join(FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, penalty_map_align(),penalty_map_footprint( lg_penalty_trp          ) ) );
    1000         531 :   pack->expiration_q  = expq_join    (   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, expq_align(),       expq_footprint       ( pack_depth              ) ) );
    1001         531 :   pack->acct_in_use   = acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_uses_tbl_sz          ) ) );
    1002         531 :   pack->writer_costs  = wcost_map_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, wcost_map_align(),  wcost_map_footprint  ( wcost_chain_cnt         ) ) );
    1003         531 :   pack->writers       = wcost_pool_join( FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, wcost_pool_align(), wcost_pool_footprint( max_w_per_block          ) ) );
    1004         531 :   pack->noncemap      = noncemap_join(   FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, noncemap_align(),   noncemap_footprint   ( nonce_chain_cnt         ) ) );
    1005         531 :   pack->signature_map = sig2txn_join(    FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, sig2txn_align(),    sig2txn_footprint    ( sig_chain_cnt           ) ) );
    1006         531 :   pack->bundle_temp_map=acct_uses_join(  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, acct_uses_align(),  acct_uses_footprint  ( lg_bundle_temp          ) ) );
    1007         531 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(fd_pack_addr_use_t)*max_acct_in_flight      );
    1008         531 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 32UL,               sizeof(ulong)*max_txn_in_flight                    );
    1009         531 :   pack->acct_to_bitset= bitset_map_join( FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, bitset_map_align(), bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp           ) ) );
    1010         531 :   /* */                                  FD_SCRATCH_ALLOC_APPEND( l, 64UL,               (pack_depth+extra_depth)*pack->bundle_meta_sz      );
    1011             : 
    1012         531 :   wcost_dlist_join( pack->written_list );
    1013             : 
    1014         531 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_CAPACITY, pack->pack_depth );
    1015         531 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    1016             : 
    1017         531 :   return pack;
    1018         531 : }
    1019             : 
    1020             : 
    1021             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success. */
    1022             : static int
    1023             : fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( fd_txn_e_t             * txne,
    1024             :                                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t      * out,
    1025       34725 :                                       fd_pack_limits_t const * lim ) {
    1026       34725 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1027       34725 :   ulong sig_rewards = FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * txn->signature_cnt; /* Easily in [5000, 635000] */
    1028             : 
    1029       34725 :   ulong requested_execution_cus;
    1030       34725 :   ulong priority_rewards;
    1031       34725 :   ulong precompile_sigs;
    1032       34725 :   ulong requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost;
    1033       34725 :   ulong allocated_data;
    1034       34725 :   ulong cost_estimate = fd_pack_compute_cost( txn, txne->txnp->payload, &requested_execution_cus, &priority_rewards, &precompile_sigs, &requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost, &allocated_data );
    1035             : 
    1036       34725 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !cost_estimate ) ) return 0;
    1037             : 
    1038             :   /* precompile_sigs <= 16320, so after the addition,
    1039             :      sig_rewards < 83,000,000 */
    1040       34722 :   sig_rewards += FD_PACK_FEE_PER_SIGNATURE * precompile_sigs;
    1041       34722 :   sig_rewards = sig_rewards * FD_PACK_TXN_FEE_BURN_PCT / 100UL;
    1042             : 
    1043             :   /* No fancy CU estimation in this version of pack
    1044             :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<(ulong)txn->instr_cnt; i++ ) {
    1045             :     uchar prog_id_idx = txn->instr[ i ].program_id;
    1046             :     fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txnp->payload ) + (ulong)prog_id_idx;
    1047             :   }
    1048             :   */
    1049       34722 :   out->rewards                              = (priority_rewards < (UINT_MAX - sig_rewards)) ? (uint)(sig_rewards + priority_rewards) : UINT_MAX;
    1050       34722 :   out->compute_est                          = (uint)cost_estimate;
    1051       34722 :   out->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = (uint)(requested_execution_cus + requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1052       34722 :   out->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = (uint)(cost_estimate - requested_execution_cus - requested_loaded_accounts_data_cost);
    1053       34722 :   out->txn->pack_alloc                      = (uint)allocated_data;
    1054             : 
    1055             :   /* If a transaction allocates a lot, we want to treat it as if it
    1056             :      requests more CUs.  However, we use compute_est in the block
    1057             :      limit calculations, so we can't touch it.  To have the same
    1058             :      effect, we decrease rewards.
    1059             :      divisor is 1 unless
    1060             :             allocated_data                       cost_estimate
    1061             :       ----------------------------    >=       ------------------
    1062             :       max_allocated_data_per_block             max_cost_per_block
    1063             : 
    1064             :      0       <=allocated_data      <=20 * 1024^2
    1065             :      30*10^6 <= max_cost_per_block < 2^32
    1066             :      1020    <= cost_estimate      < 1.6 * 10^6
    1067             :      50*10^6 <= max_allocated_data_per_block <= 100 * 1000^2
    1068             :                 (changes with the slot time duration)
    1069             :      So the numerator (<2^57) and denominator (<2^48) can't overflow.
    1070             :      Both cost_estimate and max_allocated_data_per_block non-zero,
    1071             :      so the denominator is never zero.
    1072             :      1 <= divisor <= 1 + (max_cost_per_block * .000206)
    1073             :      */
    1074       34722 :   ulong divisor = 1UL + (allocated_data * lim->max_cost_per_block) / (cost_estimate * lim->max_allocated_data_per_block);
    1075       34722 :   out->rewards /= (uint)divisor;
    1076             : 
    1077       34722 :   return 1;
    1078       34725 : }
    1079             : 
    1080             : /* Returns 0 on failure, 1 if not a durable nonce transaction, and 2 if
    1081             :    it is.  FIXME: These return codes are set to harmonize with
    1082             :    estimate_rewards_and_compute but -1/0/1 makes a lot more sense to me.
    1083             :    */
    1084             : static int
    1085       34722 : fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( fd_txn_e_t * txne ) {
    1086       34722 :   fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1087             : 
    1088             :   /* First instruction invokes system program with 4 bytes of
    1089             :      instruction data with the little-endian value 4.  It also has 3
    1090             :      accounts: the nonce account, recent blockhashes sysvar, and the
    1091             :      nonce authority.  It seems like technically the nonce authority may
    1092             :      not need to be passed in, but we disallow that.  We also allow
    1093             :      trailing data and trailing accounts.  We want to organize the
    1094             :      checks somewhat to minimize cache misses. */
    1095       34722 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr_cnt==0            ) ) return 1;
    1096       34722 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].data_sz<4UL  ) ) return 1;
    1097       34722 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_cnt<3UL ) ) return 1; /* It seems like technically 2 is allowed, but never used */
    1098        4968 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( fd_uint_load_4( txne->txnp->payload + txn->instr[ 0 ].data_off )!=4U ) ) return 1;
    1099             :   /* The program has to be a static account */
    1100        1158 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, txne->txnp->payload );
    1101        1158 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_memeq( accts[ txn->instr[ 0 ].program_id ].b, null_addr.b, 32UL       ) ) ) return 1;
    1102        1158 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_txn_is_signer( txn, txne->txnp->payload[ txn->instr[ 0 ].acct_off+2 ] ) ) ) return 0;
    1103             :   /* We could check recent blockhash, but it's not necessary */
    1104        1155 :   return 2;
    1105        1158 : }
    1106             : 
    1107             : /* Can the fee payer afford to pay a transaction with the specified
    1108             :    price?  Returns 1 if so, 0 otherwise.  This is just a stub that
    1109             :    always returns 1 for now, and the real check is deferred to the bank
    1110             :    tile.  In general, this function can't be totally accurate, because
    1111             :    the transactions immediately prior to this one can affect the balance
    1112             :    of this fee payer, but a simple check here may be helpful for
    1113             :    reducing spam. */
    1114             : static int
    1115             : fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( fd_acct_addr_t const * acct_addr,
    1116       34716 :                               ulong                  price /* in lamports */) {
    1117       34716 :   (void)acct_addr;
    1118       34716 :   (void)price;
    1119       34716 :   return 1;
    1120       34716 : }
    1121             : 
    1122             : 
    1123             : 
    1124             : 
    1125             : 
    1126             : fd_txn_e_t *
    1127       32781 : fd_pack_insert_txn_init( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    1128       32781 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool );
    1129             :   /* fini clears the bitsets; nothing on the way there touches those
    1130             :      lines and a just-evicted element has them cold.  The two sets are
    1131             :      adjacent and span at most two lines, whatever the bitset mode. */
    1132       32781 :   __builtin_prefetch( &ord->rw_bitset,                                         1, 3 );
    1133       32781 :   __builtin_prefetch( (uchar const *)&ord->w_bitset+sizeof(ord->w_bitset)-1UL, 1, 3 );
    1134       32781 :   return ord->txn_e;
    1135       32781 : }
    1136           0 : void         fd_pack_insert_txn_cancel( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_txn_e_t * txn ) { trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)txn ); }
    1137             : 
    1138          27 : #define REJECT( reason ) do {                                       \
    1139          27 :                            trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord ); \
    1140          27 :                            return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ ## reason; \
    1141          27 :                          } while( 0 )
    1142             : 
    1143             : /* These require txn, accts, and alt_adj to be defined as per usual */
    1144       30067 : #define ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( idx ) (__extension__( {                                               \
    1145       30067 :       ulong __idx = (ulong)(idx);                                                              \
    1146       30067 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1147       30067 :       }))
    1148     1477716 : #define ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) (__extension__( {                                             \
    1149     1477716 :       ulong __idx = fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );                                              \
    1150     1477716 :       fd_ptr_if( __idx<fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM ), accts, alt_adj )+__idx; \
    1151     1477716 :       }))
    1152             : 
    1153             : 
    1154             : /* Tries to find the worst transaction in any treap in pack.  If that
    1155             :    transaction's score is worse than or equal to threshold_score, it
    1156             :    initiates a delete and returns the number of deleted transactions
    1157             :    (potentially more than 1 for a bundle).  If it's higher than
    1158             :    threshold_score, it returns 0.  To force this function to delete the
    1159             :    worst transaction if there are any eligible ones, pass FLT_MAX as
    1160             :    threshold_score. */
    1161             : static inline ulong
    1162             : delete_worst( fd_pack_t * pack,
    1163        3072 :               float       threshold_score ) {
    1164             :   /* If the tree is full, we want to see if this is better than the
    1165             :      worst element in the pool before inserting.  If the new transaction
    1166             :      is better than that one, we'll delete it and insert the new
    1167             :      transaction. Otherwise, we'll throw away this transaction.
    1168             : 
    1169             :      We want to bias the definition of "worst" here to provide better
    1170             :      quality of service.  For example, if the pool is filled with
    1171             :      transactions that all write to the same account, we want to bias
    1172             :      towards treating one of those transactions as the worst, even if
    1173             :      they pay slightly higher fees per computer unit, since we know we
    1174             :      won't actually be able to schedule them all.
    1175             : 
    1176             :      This is a tricky task, however.  All our notions of priority and
    1177             :      better/worse are based on static information about the transaction,
    1178             :      and there's not an easy way to take into account global
    1179             :      information, for example, how many other transactions contend with
    1180             :      this one.  One idea is to build a heap (not a treap, since we only
    1181             :      need pop-min, insert, and delete) with one element for each element
    1182             :      in the pool, with a "delete me" score that's related but not
    1183             :      identical to the normal score.  This would allow building in some
    1184             :      global information.  The downside is that the global information
    1185             :      that gets integrated is static.  E.g. if you bias a transaction's
    1186             :      "delete me" score to make it more likely to be deleted because
    1187             :      there are many conflicting transactions in the pool, the score
    1188             :      stays biased, even if the global conditions change (unless you come
    1189             :      up with some complicated re-scoring scheme).  This can work, since
    1190             :      when the pool is full, the global bias factors are unlikely to
    1191             :      change significantly at the relevant timescales.
    1192             : 
    1193             :      However, rather than this, we implement a simpler probabilistic
    1194             :      scheme.  We'll sample M transactions, find the worst transaction in
    1195             :      each of the M treaps, compute a "delete me" score for those <= M
    1196             :      transactions, and delete the worst.  If one penalty treap is
    1197             :      starting to get big, then it becomes very likely that the random
    1198             :      sample will find it and choose to delete a transaction from it.
    1199             : 
    1200             :      The exact formula for the "delete me" score should be the matter of
    1201             :      some more intense quantitative research.  For now, we'll just use
    1202             :      this:
    1203             : 
    1204             :      Treap with N transactions        Scale Factor
    1205             :      Pending                      1.0
    1206             :      Penalty treap                1.0 at <= 100 transactions, then sqrt(100/N)
    1207             :      Pending bundles              inf (since the rewards value is fudged)
    1208             : 
    1209             :      We'll also use M=8. */
    1210             : 
    1211        3072 :   float worst_score = FLT_MAX;
    1212        3072 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * worst = NULL;
    1213        3072 :   uint  pool_max = (uint)trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    1214        3072 :   ulong samples[ 8UL ];
    1215       27648 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<8UL; i++ ) {
    1216             :     /* Roll all 8 first so the root loads (8 cold lines) overlap */
    1217       24576 :     samples[ i ] = fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, pool_max );
    1218       24576 :     __builtin_prefetch( &pack->pool[ samples[ i ] ].root, 0, 3 );
    1219       24576 :   }
    1220       27648 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<8UL; i++ ) {
    1221       24576 :     ulong sample_i = samples[ i ];
    1222             : 
    1223       24576 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * sample = &pack->pool[ sample_i ];
    1224             :     /* Presumably if we're calling this, the pool is almost entirely
    1225             :        full, so the probability of choosing a free one is small.  If
    1226             :        it does happen, find the first one that isn't free. */
    1227       25868 :     while( FD_UNLIKELY( sample->root==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) sample = &pack->pool[ (++sample_i)%pool_max ];
    1228             : 
    1229       24576 :     int       root_idx   = sample->root;
    1230       24576 :     float     multiplier = 0.0f; /* The smaller this is, the more biased we'll be to deleting it */
    1231       24576 :     treap_t * treap;
    1232       24576 :     switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    1233           0 :       default:
    1234           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE: {
    1235           0 :         FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    1236           0 :         return ULONG_MAX; /* Can't be hit */
    1237           0 :       }
    1238        3320 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING: {
    1239        3320 :         treap = pack->pending;
    1240        3320 :         multiplier = 1.0f;
    1241        3320 :         break;
    1242           0 :       }
    1243           0 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: {
    1244             :         /* We don't have a way to tell how much these actually pay in
    1245             :            rewards, so we just assume they are very high. */
    1246           0 :         treap = pack->pending_bundles;
    1247             :         /* We cap rewards at UINT_MAX lamports for estimation, and min
    1248             :            CUs is about 1000, which means rewards/compute < 5e6.
    1249             :            FLT_MAX is around 3e38. That means, 1e20*rewards/compute is
    1250             :            much less than FLT_MAX, so we won't have any issues with
    1251             :            overflow.  On the other hand, if rewards==1 lamport and
    1252             :            compute is 2 million CUs, 1e20*1/2e6 is still higher than any
    1253             :            normal transaction. */
    1254           0 :         multiplier = 1e20f;
    1255           0 :         break;
    1256           0 :       }
    1257       21256 :       case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    1258       21256 :         fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( sample->txn );
    1259       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, sample->txn->payload );
    1260       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = sample->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1261       21256 :         fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    1262       21256 :         fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1263       21256 :         FD_TEST( q );
    1264       21256 :         ulong cnt = treap_ele_cnt( q->penalty_treap );
    1265       21256 :         treap = q->penalty_treap;
    1266             : 
    1267       21256 :         multiplier = sqrtf( 100.0f / (float)fd_ulong_max( 100UL, cnt ) );
    1268       21256 :         break;
    1269       21256 :       }
    1270       24576 :     }
    1271             :     /* Get the worst from the sampled treap */
    1272       24576 :     treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pack->pool );
    1273       24576 :     FD_TEST( !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ) ); /* It can't be empty because we just sampled an element from it. */
    1274       24576 :     sample = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1275             : 
    1276       24576 :     float score = multiplier * (float)sample->rewards / (float)sample->compute_est;
    1277       24576 :     worst = fd_ptr_if( score<worst_score, sample, worst );
    1278       24576 :     worst_score = fd_float_if( worst_score<score, worst_score, score );
    1279       24576 :   }
    1280             : 
    1281        3072 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !worst                      ) ) return 0;
    1282        3072 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( threshold_score<worst_score ) ) return 0;
    1283             : 
    1284             :   /* The next eviction most likely takes worst's in-order successor;
    1285             :      warm what delete_transaction reads of it: the treap node, the
    1286             :      payload's account addresses, the metadata and the parsed txn. */
    1287        3072 :   treap_fwd_iter_t nxt = treap_fwd_iter_next( (treap_fwd_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( worst, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    1288        3072 :   if( FD_LIKELY( !treap_fwd_iter_done( nxt ) ) ) {
    1289        3072 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * n = pack->pool + nxt;
    1290        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( &n->root,              0, 3 );
    1291        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( &n->rewards,           0, 3 );
    1292        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( n->txn->payload+ 64UL, 0, 3 );
    1293        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( n->txn->payload+128UL, 0, 3 );
    1294        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( &n->txn->payload_sz,   0, 3 );
    1295        3072 :     __builtin_prefetch( TXN( n->txn ),         0, 3 );
    1296        3072 :   }
    1297             : 
    1298        3072 :   return delete_transaction( pack, worst, 1, 1 );
    1299        3072 : }
    1300             : 
    1301             : static inline int
    1302             : validate_transaction( fd_pack_t               * pack,
    1303             :                       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord,
    1304             :                       fd_txn_t          const * txn,
    1305             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * accts,
    1306             :                       fd_acct_addr_t    const * alt_adj,
    1307       34716 :                       int                       check_bundle_blacklist ) {
    1308       34716 :   int writes_to_sysvar = 0;
    1309       34716 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1310      119970 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1311       85254 :     writes_to_sysvar |= fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    1312       85254 :   }
    1313             : 
    1314       34716 :   int bundle_blacklist = 0;
    1315       34716 :   int acct_blocklist   = 0;
    1316       34716 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    1317      249672 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1318      214956 :     bundle_blacklist |= (3==fd_pack_tip_prog_check_blacklist( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ));
    1319             :     /* querying for the inval key is a violation of the fd_map
    1320             :        contract, even though it's actually fine... */
    1321      214956 :     acct_blocklist   |= (!acct_blocklist_key_inval( *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) )) &&
    1322      214956 :                         !!acct_blocklist_query( pack->acct_blocklist, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    1323      214956 :   }
    1324             : 
    1325       34716 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt     = ord->txn_e->alt_accts;
    1326       34716 :   fd_chkdup_t * chkdup = pack->chkdup;
    1327       34716 :   ulong imm_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1328       34716 :   ulong alt_cnt = fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALT );
    1329             : 
    1330             :   /* Throw out transactions ... */
    1331             :   /*           ... that are unfunded */
    1332       34716 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !fd_pack_can_fee_payer_afford( accts, ord->rewards    ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_UNAFFORDABLE;
    1333             :   /*           ... that are so big they'll never run */
    1334       34716 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->compute_est >= pack->lim->max_cost_per_block       ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_TOO_LARGE;
    1335             :   /*           ... that load too many accounts (ignoring 9LZdXeKGeBV6hRLdxS1rHbHoEUsKqesCC2ZAPTPKJAbK) */
    1336       34716 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL )>64UL     ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCOUNT_CNT;
    1337             :   /*           ... that duplicate an account address */
    1338       34713 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_chkdup_check( chkdup, accts, imm_cnt, alt, alt_cnt ) ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_DUPLICATE_ACCT;
    1339             :   /*           ... that try to write to a sysvar */
    1340       34710 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( writes_to_sysvar                                        ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_WRITES_SYSVAR;
    1341             :   /*           ... that use an account that violates bundle rules */
    1342       34617 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_blacklist & !!check_bundle_blacklist             ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_BUNDLE_BLACKLIST;
    1343             :   /*           ... that use a blocklisted account */
    1344       34617 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_blocklist                                          ) ) return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ACCT_BLOCKLIST;
    1345             : 
    1346       34602 :   return 0;
    1347       34617 : }
    1348             : 
    1349             : 
    1350             : 
    1351             : /* returns cumulative penalty "points", i.e. the sum of the populated
    1352             :    section of penalties (which also tells the caller how much of the
    1353             :    array is populated. */
    1354             : static inline ulong
    1355             : populate_bitsets( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    1356             :                   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord,
    1357             :                   ushort              penalties  [ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ],
    1358       33549 :                   uchar               penalty_idx[ static FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] ) {
    1359       33549 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->rw_bitset );
    1360       33549 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( ord->w_bitset  );
    1361             : 
    1362       33549 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(ord->txn);
    1363       33549 :   uchar * payload  = ord->txn->payload;
    1364             : 
    1365       33549 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1366             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1367             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1368             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1369       33549 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1370             : 
    1371       33549 :   ulong  cumulative_penalty = 0UL;
    1372       33549 :   ulong  penalty_i          = 0UL;
    1373             : 
    1374             :   /* Scheduling this transaction looks every account up in acct_in_use,
    1375             :      whose slot for a fresh account is a cold line; warm them now. */
    1376       33549 :   {
    1377       33549 :     ulong uses_seed = acct_uses_seed( pack->acct_in_use );
    1378       33549 :     ulong uses_mask = acct_uses_slot_cnt( pack->acct_in_use )-1UL;
    1379       33549 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE|FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    1380      237897 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1381      204348 :       ulong slot = acct_uses_key_hash( *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), uses_seed ) & uses_mask;
    1382      204348 :       __builtin_prefetch( pack->acct_in_use+slot, 0, 2 );
    1383      204348 :     }
    1384       33549 :   }
    1385             : 
    1386       33549 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    1387      114105 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1388       80556 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1389       80556 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1390       80556 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1391       56824 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1392       56824 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1393       56824 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1394       56824 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 1;
    1395       56824 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1396       56824 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1397        1844 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1398        1844 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1399             : 
    1400        1844 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1401        1844 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1402        1844 :     }
    1403       80556 :     ulong penalty = fd_ulong_max( q->ref_cnt, PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD )-PENALTY_TREAP_THRESHOLD;
    1404       80556 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty ) ) {
    1405       17667 :       penalties  [ penalty_i ] = (ushort)penalty;
    1406       17667 :       penalty_idx[ penalty_i ] = (uchar )fd_txn_acct_iter_idx( iter );
    1407       17667 :       penalty_i++;
    1408       17667 :       cumulative_penalty += penalty;
    1409       17667 :     }
    1410             : 
    1411       80556 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1412       80556 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1413       80556 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->w_bitset , q->bit );
    1414       80556 :   }
    1415             : 
    1416       33549 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    1417      157341 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    1418             : 
    1419      123792 :     fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    1420      123792 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    1421             : 
    1422       81615 :     fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct, NULL );
    1423       81615 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1424       24069 :       q = bitset_map_insert( pack->acct_to_bitset, acct );
    1425       24069 :       q->ref_cnt                  = 0UL;
    1426       24069 :       q->first_instance           = ord;
    1427       24069 :       q->first_instance_was_write = 0;
    1428       24069 :       q->bit                      = FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE;
    1429       57546 :     } else if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->bit == FD_PACK_BITSET_FIRST_INSTANCE ) ) {
    1430        3723 :       q->bit = pack->bitset_avail[ pack->bitset_avail_cnt ];
    1431        3723 :       pack->bitset_avail_cnt = fd_ulong_if( !!pack->bitset_avail_cnt, pack->bitset_avail_cnt-1UL, 0UL );
    1432             : 
    1433        3723 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1434        3723 :       if( q->first_instance_was_write ) FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( q->first_instance->w_bitset, q->bit );
    1435        3723 :     }
    1436             : 
    1437       81615 :     q->ref_cnt++;
    1438       81615 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( ord->rw_bitset, q->bit );
    1439       81615 :   }
    1440       33549 :   return cumulative_penalty;
    1441       33549 : }
    1442             : 
    1443             : int
    1444             : fd_pack_insert_txn_fini( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    1445             :                          fd_txn_e_t * txne,
    1446             :                          ulong        expires_at,
    1447       32781 :                          ulong      * delete_cnt ) {
    1448       32781 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1449             : 
    1450       32781 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)txne;
    1451             : 
    1452       32781 :   fd_txn_t * txn   = TXN(txne->txnp);
    1453       32781 :   uchar * payload  = txne->txnp->payload;
    1454             : 
    1455       32781 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1456             :   /* alt_adj is the pointer to the ALT expansion, adjusted so that if
    1457             :      account address n is the first that comes from the ALT, it can be
    1458             :      accessed with adj_lut[n]. */
    1459       32781 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1460             : 
    1461       32781 :   int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( txne, ord, pack->lim );
    1462       32781 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !est_result ) ) REJECT( ESTIMATION_FAIL );
    1463             : 
    1464       32778 :   int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( txne );
    1465       32778 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) REJECT( INVALID_NONCE );
    1466       32775 :   int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1467       32775 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE;
    1468       32775 :   ord->txn->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, 0U );
    1469             : 
    1470       32775 :   int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !!pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1471       32775 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) {
    1472         114 :     trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, ord );
    1473         114 :     return validation_result;
    1474         114 :   }
    1475             : 
    1476             :   /* Reject any transactions that have already expired */
    1477       32661 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (!is_durable_nonce) & (expires_at<pack->expire_before )) ) REJECT( EXPIRED          );
    1478             : 
    1479       32649 :   ord->nonce_expires_at = fd_ulong_if( is_durable_nonce, expires_at, 0UL );
    1480             : 
    1481       32649 :   int replaces = 0;
    1482             :   /* If it's a durable nonce and we already have one, delete one or the
    1483             :      other. */
    1484       32649 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1485         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, txne, NULL, pack->pool );
    1486         123 :     if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) { /* Seems like most nonce transactions are effectively duplicates */
    1487         108 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce->root == FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE || same_nonce->nonce_expires_at>expires_at ||
    1488         108 :             (same_nonce->nonce_expires_at==expires_at && COMPARE_WORSE( ord, same_nonce ) ) ) ) REJECT( NONCE_PRIORITY );
    1489          99 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 ); /* Not a bundle, so delete_full_bundle is 0 */
    1490          99 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1491          99 :       replaces = 1;
    1492          99 :     }
    1493             :     /* Replace the expires_at value with a synthetic one to give nonce
    1494             :        transactions a finite lifetime. */
    1495         114 :     expires_at = pack->expire_before + FD_PACK_NONCE_SYNTHETIC_LIFETIME;
    1496         114 :   }
    1497             : 
    1498       32640 :   ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1499             : 
    1500       32640 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt == pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1501        3072 :     float threshold_score = (float)ord->rewards/(float)ord->compute_est;
    1502        3072 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, threshold_score );
    1503        3072 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1504        3072 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) REJECT( PRIORITY );
    1505        3072 :     replaces = 1;
    1506        3072 :   }
    1507             : 
    1508       32640 :   ord->txn->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1509       32640 :   ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1510             : 
    1511             :   /* At this point, we know we have space to insert the transaction and
    1512             :      we've committed to insert it. */
    1513             : 
    1514             :   /* Since the pool uses ushorts, the size of the pool is < USHORT_MAX.
    1515             :      Each transaction can reference an account at most once, which means
    1516             :      that the total number of references for an account is < USHORT_MAX.
    1517             :      If these were ulongs, the array would be 512B, which is kind of a
    1518             :      lot to zero out.*/
    1519       32640 :   ushort penalties[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ] = {0};
    1520       32640 :   uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1521       32640 :   ulong cumulative_penalty = populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1522             : 
    1523       32640 :   treap_t * insert_into = pack->pending;
    1524             : 
    1525       32640 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( cumulative_penalty ) ) { /* Optimize for high parallelism case */
    1526             :     /* Compute a weighted random choice */
    1527        6159 :     ulong roll = (ulong)fd_rng_uint_roll( pack->rng, (uint)cumulative_penalty ); /* cumulative_penalty < USHORT_MAX*64 < UINT_MAX */
    1528        6159 :     ulong i = 0UL;
    1529             :     /* Find the right one.  This can be done in O(log N), but I imagine
    1530             :        N is normally so small that doesn't matter. */
    1531       11941 :     while( roll>=penalties[i] ) roll -= (ulong)penalties[i++];
    1532             : 
    1533        6159 :     fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( penalty_idx[i] );
    1534        6159 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * q = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    1535        6159 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( q==NULL ) ) {
    1536          21 :       q = penalty_map_insert( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct );
    1537          21 :       treap_new( q->penalty_treap, trp_pool_max( pack->pool ) );
    1538          21 :     }
    1539        6159 :     insert_into = q->penalty_treap;
    1540        6159 :     ord->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( penalty_idx[i] );
    1541       26481 :   } else {
    1542       26481 :     ord->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    1543             : 
    1544       26481 :     pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   ord->compute_est       );
    1545       26481 :     pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, txne->txnp->payload_sz );
    1546       26481 :   }
    1547             : 
    1548       32640 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1549             : 
    1550       32640 :   sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1551             : 
    1552       32640 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1553             : 
    1554       32640 :   fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1555       32640 :   expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1556             : 
    1557       32640 :   treap_ele_insert( insert_into, ord, pack->pool );
    1558       32640 :   return (replaces<<1) | (is_durable_nonce<<2);
    1559       32640 : }
    1560             : #undef REJECT
    1561             : 
    1562             : fd_txn_e_t * const *
    1563             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_init( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1564             :                             fd_txn_e_t *       * bundle,
    1565         501 :                             ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1566         501 :   FD_TEST( txn_cnt<=FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE  );
    1567         501 :   FD_TEST( trp_pool_free( pack->pool )>=txn_cnt );
    1568        2448 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) bundle[ i ] = trp_pool_ele_acquire( pack->pool )->txn_e;
    1569         501 :   return bundle;
    1570         501 : }
    1571             : 
    1572             : void
    1573             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1574             :                               fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1575         246 :                               ulong                txn_cnt ) {
    1576             :   /* There's no real reason these have to be released in reverse, but it
    1577             :      seems fitting to release them in the opposite order they were
    1578             :      acquired. */
    1579        1284 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t*)bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL-i ] );
    1580         246 : }
    1581             : 
    1582             : /* Explained below */
    1583             : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1584             : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1585         627 : #define RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( r, c ) (BUNDLE_N - ((ulong)(r) * 1UL<<32)/((ulong)(c) * BUNDLE_L_PRIME))
    1586             : 
    1587             : int
    1588             : fd_pack_insert_bundle_fini( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1589             :                             fd_txn_e_t * const * bundle,
    1590             :                             ulong                txn_cnt,
    1591             :                             ulong                expires_at,
    1592             :                             int                  initializer_bundle,
    1593             :                             void         const * bundle_meta,
    1594         501 :                             ulong              * delete_cnt ) {
    1595             : 
    1596         501 :   int err = 0;
    1597         501 :   *delete_cnt = 0UL;
    1598             : 
    1599         501 :   ulong pending_b_txn_cnt = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1600             :     /* We want to prevent bundles from consuming the whole treap, but in
    1601             :        general, we assume bundles are lucrative.  We'll set the policy
    1602             :        on capping bundles at half of the pack depth.  We assume that the
    1603             :        bundles are coming in a pre-prioritized order, so it doesn't make
    1604             :        sense to drop an earlier bundle for this one.  That means that
    1605             :        really, the best thing to do is drop this one. */
    1606         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (!initializer_bundle)&(pending_b_txn_cnt+txn_cnt>pack->pack_depth/2UL) ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1607             : 
    1608         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( expires_at<pack->expire_before                                         ) ) err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_EXPIRED;
    1609             : 
    1610             : 
    1611         501 :   int   replaces      = 0;
    1612         501 :   ulong nonce_txn_cnt = 0UL;
    1613             : 
    1614             :   /* Collect nonce hashes to detect duplicate nonces.
    1615             :      Use a constant-time duplicate-detection algorithm -- Vacant entries
    1616             :      have the MSB set, occupied entries are the noncemap hash, with the
    1617             :      MSB set to 0. */
    1618         501 :   ulong nonce_hash63[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ];
    1619        3006 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; i++ ) {
    1620        2505 :     nonce_hash63[ i ] = ULONG_MAX-i;
    1621        2505 :   }
    1622             : 
    1623        2442 :   for( ulong i=0UL; (i<txn_cnt) && !err; i++ ) {
    1624        1944 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = (fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[ i ];
    1625             : 
    1626        1944 :     fd_txn_t const * txn     = TXN(bundle[ i ]->txnp);
    1627        1944 :     uchar    const * payload = bundle[ i ]->txnp->payload;
    1628             : 
    1629        1944 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, payload );
    1630        1944 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = ord->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    1631             : 
    1632        1944 :     int est_result = fd_pack_estimate_rewards_and_compute( bundle[ i ], ord, pack->lim );
    1633        1944 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( est_result==0 ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_ESTIMATION_FAIL;  break; }
    1634        1944 :     int nonce_result = fd_pack_validate_durable_nonce( ord->txn_e );
    1635        1944 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !nonce_result ) ) { err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_INVALID_NONCE;    break; }
    1636             :     /* The expires_at field is interpreted differently for nonce vs.
    1637             :        non-nonce transactions, but bundles are required to have the same
    1638             :        value for that field, so we've lost the value we would put in
    1639             :        nonce_expires_at.  Turns out, that's never read for bundles
    1640             :        though.  So for now, we just use the incorrect expires_at.
    1641             :        If you're already getting revert protection from being a bundle,
    1642             :        it seems dumb to use a durable nonce as another form of revert
    1643             :        protection anyway.  We're expecting the sender of the bundles to
    1644             :        do the nonce filtering anyway. */
    1645        1944 :     int is_durable_nonce = nonce_result==2;
    1646        1944 :     nonce_txn_cnt += !!is_durable_nonce;
    1647             : 
    1648        1944 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE;
    1649        1944 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags &= ~(FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE | FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE);
    1650        1944 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( initializer_bundle, FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE, 0U );
    1651        1944 :     bundle[ i ]->txnp->flags |= fd_uint_if( is_durable_nonce,   FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE,      0U );
    1652        1944 :     ord->skip = FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT;
    1653        1944 :     ord->expires_at = expires_at;
    1654             : 
    1655        1944 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_durable_nonce ) ) {
    1656        1032 :       ord->nonce_expires_at = expires_at;
    1657        1032 :       nonce_hash63[ i ] = noncemap_key_hash( ord->txn_e, pack->noncemap->seed ) & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFUL;
    1658        1032 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * same_nonce = noncemap_ele_query( pack->noncemap, ord->txn_e, NULL, pack->pool );
    1659        1032 :       if( FD_LIKELY( same_nonce ) ) {
    1660             :         /* bundles take priority over non-bundles, and earlier bundles
    1661             :            take priority over later bundles. */
    1662           9 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( same_nonce->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_BUNDLE ) ) {
    1663           3 :           err = FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_PRIORITY;
    1664           3 :           break;
    1665           6 :         } else {
    1666           6 :           ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, same_nonce, 0, 0 );
    1667           6 :           *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1668           6 :           replaces = 1;
    1669           6 :         }
    1670           9 :       }
    1671        1032 :     }
    1672             : 
    1673        1941 :     int validation_result = validate_transaction( pack, ord, txn, accts, alt_adj, !initializer_bundle );
    1674        1941 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( validation_result ) ) { err = validation_result; break; }
    1675        1941 :   }
    1676             : 
    1677         501 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( err ) ) {
    1678           3 :     fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1679           3 :     return err;
    1680           3 :   }
    1681             : 
    1682         498 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( initializer_bundle && pending_b_txn_cnt>0UL ) ) {
    1683           0 :     treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1684           0 :     FD_TEST( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) );
    1685           0 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1686           0 :     int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1687             : 
    1688             :     /* Delete the previous IB if there is one */
    1689           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib && 0UL==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    1690           0 :       ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, cur, 1, 0 );
    1691           0 :       *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1692           0 :     }
    1693           0 :   }
    1694             : 
    1695         498 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pending_txn_cnt+txn_cnt > pack->pack_depth ) ) {
    1696           0 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_worst( pack, FLT_MAX );
    1697           0 :     *delete_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    1698           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !_delete_cnt ) ) {
    1699           0 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1700           0 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_PRIORITY;
    1701           0 :     }
    1702           0 :     replaces = 1;
    1703           0 :   }
    1704             : 
    1705         498 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !pending_b_txn_cnt ) ) {
    1706         498 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1707         498 :   }
    1708             : 
    1709         498 :   if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_meta ) ) {
    1710           0 :     memcpy( (uchar *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)((fd_pack_ord_txn_t *)bundle[0]-pack->pool)*pack->bundle_meta_sz, bundle_meta, pack->bundle_meta_sz );
    1711           0 :   }
    1712             : 
    1713         498 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( nonce_txn_cnt>1UL ) ) {
    1714             :     /* Do a ILP-friendly duplicate detect, naive O(n^2) algo.  With max
    1715             :        5 txns per bundle, this requires 10 comparisons.  ~ 25 cycle.  */
    1716         375 :     uint conflict_detected = 0u;
    1717        1875 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1; i++ ) {
    1718        5250 :       for( ulong j=i+1; j<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE; j++ ) {
    1719        3750 :         ulong const ele_i = nonce_hash63[ i ];
    1720        3750 :         ulong const ele_j = nonce_hash63[ j ];
    1721        3750 :         conflict_detected |= (ele_i==ele_j);
    1722        3750 :       }
    1723        1500 :     }
    1724         375 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflict_detected ) ) {
    1725         243 :       fd_pack_insert_bundle_cancel( pack, bundle, txn_cnt );
    1726         243 :       return FD_PACK_INSERT_REJECT_NONCE_CONFLICT;
    1727         243 :     }
    1728         375 :   }
    1729             : 
    1730             :   /* We put bundles in a treap just like all the other transactions, but
    1731             :      we actually want to sort them in a very specific order; the order
    1732             :      within the bundle is determined at bundle creation time, and the
    1733             :      order among the bundles is FIFO.  However, it's going to be a pain
    1734             :      to use a different sorting function for this treap, since it's
    1735             :      fixed as part of the treap creation for performance.  Don't fear
    1736             :      though; we can pull a cool math trick out of the bag to shoehorn
    1737             :      the order we'd like into the sort function we need, and to get even
    1738             :      more.
    1739             : 
    1740             :      Recall that the sort function is r_i/c_i, smallest to largest,
    1741             :      where r_i is the rewards and c_i is the cost units.  r_i and c_i
    1742             :      are both uints, and the comparison is done by cross-multiplication
    1743             :      as ulongs.  We actually use the c_i value for testing if
    1744             :      transactions fit, etc.  so let's assume that's fixed, and we know
    1745             :      it's in the range [1020, 1,551,570].
    1746             : 
    1747             :      This means, if c_0, c_1, ... c_4 are the CU costs of the
    1748             :      transactions in the first bundle, we require r_0/c_0 > r_1/c_1 >
    1749             :      ... > r_4/c_4.  Then, if c_5, ... c_9 are the CU costs of the
    1750             :      transactions in the second bundle, we also require that r_4/c_4 >
    1751             :      r_5/c_5.  For convenience, we'll impose a slightly stronger
    1752             :      constraint: we want the kth bundle to obey L*(N-k) <= r_i/c_i <
    1753             :      L*(N+1-k), for fixed constants L and N, real and integer,
    1754             :      respectively, that we'll determine. For example, this means r_4/c_4
    1755             :      >= L*N > r_5/c_5.  This enables us to group the transactions in the
    1756             :      same bundle more easily.
    1757             : 
    1758             :      For convenience in the math below, we'll set j=N-k and relabel the
    1759             :      transactions from the jth bundle c_0, ... c_4.
    1760             :      From above, we know that Lj <= r_4/c_4.  We'd like to make it as
    1761             :      close as possible given that r_4 is an integers.  Thus, put
    1762             :      r_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj ).  r_4 is clearly an integer, and it satisfies
    1763             :      the required inequality because:
    1764             :             r_4/c_4 = ceil( c_4 * Lj)/c_4 >= c_4*Lj / c_4 >= Lj.
    1765             : 
    1766             :      Following in the same spirit, put r_3 = ceil( c_3 * (r_4+1)/c_4 ).
    1767             :      Again, r_3 is clearly an integer, and
    1768             :                 r_3/c_3  = ceil(c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4)/c_3
    1769             :                         >= (c_3*(r_4+1))/(c_3 * c_4)
    1770             :                         >= r_4/c_4 + 1/c_4
    1771             :                         >  r_4/c_4.
    1772             :      Following the pattern, we put
    1773             :                 r_2 = ceil( c_2 * (r_3+1)/c_3 )
    1774             :                 r_1 = ceil( c_1 * (r_2+1)/c_2 )
    1775             :                 r_0 = ceil( c_0 * (r_1+1)/c_1 )
    1776             :      which work for the same reason that as r_3.
    1777             : 
    1778             :      We now need for r_0 to satisfy the final inequality with L, and
    1779             :      we'll use this to guide our choice of L.  Theoretically, r_0 can be
    1780             :      expressed in terms of L, j, and c_0, ... c_4, but that's a truly
    1781             :      inscrutible expression.  Instead, we need some bounds so we can get
    1782             :      rid of all the ceil using the property that x <= ceil(x) < x+1.
    1783             :                      c_4 * Lj <= r_4 < c_4 * Lj + 1
    1784             :      The lower bound on r_3 is easy:
    1785             :          r_3 >= c_3 * (c_4 * Lj + 1)/c_4 = c_3 * Lj + c_3/c_4
    1786             :      For the upper bound,
    1787             :          r_3 < 1 + c_3*(r_4+1)/c_4 < 1 + c_3*(c_4*Lj+1 + 1)/c_4
    1788             :                                    = 1 + c_3 * Lj + 2*c_3/c_4
    1789             :      Continuing similarly gives
    1790             :        c_2*Lj +                     c_2/c_3 + c_2/c_4 <= r_2
    1791             :        c_1*Lj +           c_1/c_2 + c_1/c_c + c_1/c_4 <= r_1
    1792             :        c_0*Lj + c_0/c_1 + c_0/c_2 + c_0/c_3 + c_0/c_4 <= r_0
    1793             :      and
    1794             :        r_2 < 1 + c_2*Lj +                       2c_2/c_3 + 2c_2/c_4
    1795             :        r_1 < 1 + c_1*Lj +            2c_1/c_2 + 2c_1/c_3 + 2c_1/c_4
    1796             :        r_0 < 1 + c_0*Lj + 2c_0/c_1 + 2c_0/c_2 + 2c_0/c_3 + 2c_0/c_4.
    1797             : 
    1798             :      Setting L(j+1)>=(1 + c_0*Lj+2c_0/c_1+2c_0/c_2+2c_0/c_3+2c_0/c_4)/c_0
    1799             :      is then sufficient to ensure the whole sequence of 5 fits between Lj
    1800             :      and L(j+1).  Simplifying gives
    1801             :               L<= 1/c_0 + 2/c_1 + 2/c_2 + 2/c_3 + 2/c_4
    1802             :      but L must be a constant and not depend on individual values of c_i,
    1803             :      so, given that c_i >= 1020, we set L = 9/1020.
    1804             : 
    1805             :      Now all that remains is to determine N.  It's a bit unfortunate
    1806             :      that we require N, since it limits our capacity, but it's necessary
    1807             :      in any system that tries to compute priorities to enforce a FIFO
    1808             :      order.  If we've inserted more than N bundles without ever having
    1809             :      the bundle treap go empty, we'll briefly break the FIFO ordering as
    1810             :      we underflow.
    1811             : 
    1812             :      Thus, we'd like to make N as big as possible, avoiding overflow.
    1813             :      r_0, ..., r_4 are all uints, and taking the bounds from above,
    1814             :      given that for any i, i' c_i/c_{i'} <= 1551570/1020 < 1522, we have
    1815             :                r_i < 1 + 1551570 * Lj + 8*1522.
    1816             :      To avoid overflow, we assert the right-hand side is < 2^32, which
    1817             :      implies N <= 313721.
    1818             : 
    1819             :      We want to use a fixed point representation for L so that the
    1820             :      entire computation can be done with integer arithmetic.  We can do
    1821             :      the arithmetic as ulongs, which means defining L' >= L * 2^s, and
    1822             :      we compute ceil( c_4*Lj ) as floor( (c_4 * L' * j + 2^s - 1)/2^s ),
    1823             :      so c_4 * L' * j + 2^s should fit in a ulong.  With j<=N, this gives
    1824             :      s<=32, so we set s=32, which means L' = 37896771 >= 9/1020 * 2^32.
    1825             :      Note that 1 + 1551570 * L' * N + 8*1522 + 2^32 is approximately
    1826             :      2^63.999992.
    1827             : 
    1828             :      Note that this is all checked by a proof of the code translated
    1829             :      into Z3.  Unfortunately CBMC was too slow to prove this code
    1830             :      directly. */
    1831         255 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MIN_TXN_COST==   1020UL, adjust_constants );
    1832         255 :      FD_STATIC_ASSERT( FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_COST==1551570UL, adjust_constants );
    1833         882 : #define BUNDLE_L_PRIME 37896771UL
    1834         882 : #define BUNDLE_N       313721UL
    1835             : 
    1836         255 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->relative_bundle_idx>BUNDLE_N ) ) {
    1837           0 :     FD_LOG_WARNING(( "Too many bundles inserted without allowing pending bundles to go empty. "
    1838           0 :                      "Ordering of bundles may be incorrect." ));
    1839           0 :     pack->relative_bundle_idx = 1UL;
    1840           0 :   }
    1841         255 :   ulong bundle_idx = fd_ulong_if( initializer_bundle, 0UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1842         255 :   insert_bundle_impl( pack, bundle_idx, txn_cnt, (fd_pack_ord_txn_t * *)bundle, expires_at );
    1843             :   /* if IB this is max( 1, x ), which is x.  Otherwise, this is max(x,
    1844             :      x+1) which is x++ */
    1845         255 :   pack->relative_bundle_idx = fd_ulong_max( bundle_idx+1UL, pack->relative_bundle_idx );
    1846             : 
    1847         255 :   return (0) | (replaces<<1) | ((!!nonce_txn_cnt)<<2);
    1848         498 : }
    1849             : static inline void
    1850             : insert_bundle_impl( fd_pack_t           * pack,
    1851             :                     ulong                 bundle_idx,
    1852             :                     ulong                 txn_cnt,
    1853             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * * bundle,
    1854         255 :                     ulong                 expires_at ) {
    1855         255 :   ulong prev_reward = ((BUNDLE_L_PRIME * (BUNDLE_N - bundle_idx))) - 1UL;
    1856         255 :   ulong prev_cost = 1UL<<32;
    1857             : 
    1858             :   /* Assign last to first */
    1859        1164 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<txn_cnt; i++ ) {
    1860         909 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = bundle[ txn_cnt-1UL - i ];
    1861         909 :     ord->rewards = (uint)(((ulong)ord->compute_est * (prev_reward + 1UL) + prev_cost-1UL)/prev_cost);
    1862         909 :     ord->root    = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE;
    1863         909 :     prev_reward = ord->rewards;
    1864         909 :     prev_cost   = ord->compute_est;
    1865             : 
    1866             :     /* The penalty information isn't used for bundles. */
    1867         909 :     ushort penalties  [ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1868         909 :     uchar  penalty_idx[ FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    1869         909 :     populate_bitsets( pack, ord, penalties, penalty_idx );
    1870             : 
    1871         909 :     treap_ele_insert( pack->pending_bundles, ord, pack->pool );
    1872         909 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt++;
    1873             : 
    1874         909 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_insert( pack->noncemap, ord, pack->pool );
    1875         909 :     sig2txn_ele_insert( pack->signature_map, ord, pack->pool );
    1876             : 
    1877         909 :     fd_pack_expq_t temp[ 1 ] = {{ .expires_at = expires_at, .txn = ord }};
    1878         909 :     expq_insert( pack->expiration_q, temp );
    1879         909 :   }
    1880             : 
    1881         255 : }
    1882             : 
    1883             : void const *
    1884           0 : fd_pack_peek_bundle_meta( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1885           0 :   int ib_state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    1886           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (ib_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED) ) ) return NULL;
    1887             : 
    1888           0 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( pack->pending_bundles, pack->pool );
    1889           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return NULL; /* empty */
    1890             : 
    1891           0 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pack->pool );
    1892           0 :   int is_ib = !!(cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    1893           0 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) return NULL;
    1894             : 
    1895           0 :   return (void const *)((uchar const *)pack->bundle_meta + (ulong)_cur * pack->bundle_meta_sz);
    1896           0 : }
    1897             : 
    1898             : void
    1899         123 : fd_pack_set_initializer_bundles_ready( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    1900         123 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY;
    1901         123 : }
    1902             : 
    1903             : void
    1904           0 : fd_pack_metrics_write( fd_pack_t const * pack ) {
    1905           0 :   ulong pending_regular = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending         );
    1906           0 :   ulong pending_bundle  = treap_ele_cnt( pack->pending_bundles );
    1907           0 :   ulong conflicting     = pack->pending_txn_cnt - pending_regular - pending_bundle;
    1908           0 :   ulong smallest_cost   = fd_ulong_if( pack->pending_smallest->cus==ULONG_MAX, 0UL, pack->pending_smallest->cus );
    1909           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_USED_REGULAR,     pending_regular             );
    1910           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_USED_VOTE,        0UL                         );
    1911           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_USED_CONFLICTING, conflicting                 );
    1912           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_USED_BUNDLE,      pending_bundle              );
    1913           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, TXN_PENDING_SMALLEST_COST,    smallest_cost               );
    1914           0 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_COST,                   pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    1915             : 
    1916           0 :   FD_MCNT_ENUM_COPY( PACK, TXN_SCHEDULE_ATTEMPTED, pack->sched_results );
    1917           0 : }
    1918             : 
    1919             : void
    1920           0 : fd_pack_get_sched_metrics( fd_pack_t const * pack, ulong * metrics ) {
    1921           0 :   fd_memcpy( metrics, pack->sched_results, sizeof(pack->sched_results) );
    1922           0 : }
    1923             : 
    1924             : typedef struct {
    1925             :   ushort clear_rw_bit;
    1926             :   ushort clear_w_bit;
    1927             : } release_result_t;
    1928             : 
    1929             : static inline release_result_t
    1930             : release_bit_reference( fd_pack_t            * pack,
    1931      155925 :                        fd_acct_addr_t const * acct ) {
    1932             : 
    1933      155925 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, *acct, NULL );
    1934      155925 :   FD_TEST( q ); /* q==NULL not be possible */
    1935             : 
    1936      155925 :   q->ref_cnt--;
    1937             : 
    1938      155925 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( q->ref_cnt==0UL ) ) {
    1939       74746 :     ushort bit = q->bit;
    1940       74746 :     bitset_map_remove( pack->acct_to_bitset, q );
    1941       74746 :     if( FD_LIKELY( bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) ) pack->bitset_avail[ ++(pack->bitset_avail_cnt) ] = bit;
    1942             : 
    1943       74746 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    1944       74746 :     if( FD_LIKELY( use ) ) {
    1945       69511 :       use->in_use_by |= FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    1946       69511 :       release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = bit,
    1947       69511 :                                .clear_w_bit = fd_ushort_if( !!(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE), bit, FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) };
    1948       69511 :       return ret;
    1949       69511 :     }
    1950       74746 :   }
    1951       86414 :   release_result_t ret = { .clear_rw_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX, .clear_w_bit = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX };
    1952       86414 :   return ret;
    1953      155925 : }
    1954             : 
    1955             : typedef struct {
    1956             :   ulong cus_scheduled;
    1957             :   ulong txns_scheduled;
    1958             :   ulong bytes_scheduled;
    1959             :   ulong alloc_scheduled;
    1960             : } sched_return_t;
    1961             : 
    1962             : static inline sched_return_t
    1963             : fd_pack_schedule_impl( fd_pack_t          * pack,
    1964             :                        treap_t            * sched_from,
    1965             :                        ulong                cu_limit,
    1966             :                        ulong                txn_limit,
    1967             :                        ulong                byte_limit,
    1968             :                        ulong                alloc_limit,
    1969             :                        ulong                bank_tile,
    1970             :                        fd_pack_smallest_t * smallest_in_treap,
    1971             :                        ulong              * use_by_bank_txn,
    1972       14838 :                        fd_txn_e_t         * out ) {
    1973       14838 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) {
    1974         176 :     sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled = 0UL, .txns_scheduled = 0UL, .bytes_scheduled = 0UL };
    1975         176 :     return to_return;
    1976         176 :   }
    1977             : 
    1978       14662 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t   * pool         = pack->pool;
    1979       14662 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t  * acct_in_use  = pack->acct_in_use;
    1980       14662 :   wcost_map_t         * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    1981       14662 :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writers      = pack->writers;
    1982       14662 :   wcost_dlist_t       * written_list = pack->written_list;
    1983             : 
    1984       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    1985       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    1986       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    1987       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    1988             : 
    1989       14662 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    1990       14662 :   ulong                use_by_bank_cnt = pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile];
    1991             : 
    1992       14662 :   ulong max_write_cost_per_acct = pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    1993             : 
    1994       14662 :   ushort compressed_slot_number = pack->compressed_slot_number;
    1995             : 
    1996       14662 :   ulong txns_scheduled  = 0UL;
    1997       14662 :   ulong cus_scheduled   = 0UL;
    1998       14662 :   ulong bytes_scheduled = 0UL;
    1999       14662 :   ulong alloc_scheduled = 0UL;
    2000             : 
    2001       14662 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    2002             : 
    2003       14662 :   ulong fast_path     = 0UL;
    2004       14662 :   ulong slow_path     = 0UL;
    2005       14662 :   ulong cu_limit_c    = 0UL;
    2006       14662 :   ulong byte_limit_c  = 0UL;
    2007       14662 :   ulong alloc_limit_c = 0UL;
    2008       14662 :   ulong write_limit_c = 0UL;
    2009       14662 :   ulong skip_c        = 0UL;
    2010             : 
    2011       14662 :   ulong min_cus   = ULONG_MAX;
    2012       14662 :   ulong min_bytes = ULONG_MAX;
    2013             : 
    2014       14662 :   treap_rev_iter_t prev = treap_idx_null();
    2015      240747 :   for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( sched_from, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=prev ) {
    2016             :     /* Capture next so that we can delete while we iterate. */
    2017      228898 :     prev = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2018             : 
    2019      228898 : #   if FD_HAS_X86
    2020      228898 :     _mm_prefetch( &(pool[ prev ].prev),      _MM_HINT_T0 );
    2021      228898 : #   endif
    2022             : 
    2023      228898 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2024             : 
    2025      228898 :     min_cus   = fd_ulong_min( min_cus,   cur->compute_est     );
    2026      228898 :     min_bytes = fd_ulong_min( min_bytes, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2027             : 
    2028      228898 :     ulong conflicts = 0UL;
    2029             : 
    2030      228898 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    2031             :       /* Too big to be scheduled at the moment, but might be okay for
    2032             :          the next microblock, so we don't want to delay it. */
    2033           0 :       cu_limit_c++;
    2034           0 :       continue;
    2035           0 :     }
    2036             : 
    2037      228898 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    2038             :       /* We don't want to consider this until the next block, but
    2039             :          checking alloc is as cheap as checking cur->skip, so there's
    2040             :          not a big difference. */
    2041          18 :       alloc_limit_c++;
    2042          18 :       continue;
    2043          18 :     }
    2044             : 
    2045             :     /* Likely? Unlikely? */
    2046      228880 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    2047      202795 :       fast_path++;
    2048      202795 :       continue;
    2049      202795 :     }
    2050             : 
    2051       26085 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->skip==compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    2052           0 :       skip_c++;
    2053           0 :       continue;
    2054           0 :     }
    2055             : 
    2056             :     /* If skip>FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP but not compressed_slot_number, it means
    2057             :        it's the compressed slot number of a previous slot.  We don't
    2058             :        care unless we're going to update the value though, so we don't
    2059             :        need to eagerly reset it to FD_PACK_MAX_SKIP.
    2060             :        compressed_slot_number is a ushort, so it's possible for it to
    2061             :        roll over, but the transaction lifetime is much shorter than
    2062             :        that, so it won't be a problem. */
    2063             : 
    2064       26085 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>byte_limit ) ) {
    2065           6 :       byte_limit_c++;
    2066           6 :       continue;
    2067           6 :     }
    2068             : 
    2069             : 
    2070       26079 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2071       26079 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    2072       26079 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2073             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2074             :        current readers */
    2075       26079 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2076       84387 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2077             : 
    2078       58311 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2079             : 
    2080       58311 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t const * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query_const( writer_costs, &acct, NULL, writers );
    2081       58311 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( in_wcost_table && in_wcost_table->total_cost+cur->compute_est > max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2082             :         /* Can't be scheduled until the next block */
    2083           3 :         conflicts = ULONG_MAX;
    2084           3 :         break;
    2085           3 :       }
    2086             : 
    2087       58308 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use, acct, NULL );
    2088       58308 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( use ) ) conflicts |= use->in_use_by; /* break? */
    2089       58308 :     }
    2090             : 
    2091       26079 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts==ULONG_MAX ) ) {
    2092             :       /* The logic for how to adjust skip is a bit complicated, and we
    2093             :          want to do it branchlessly. Let psc=FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT,
    2094             :            Before                   After
    2095             :              1               compressed_slot_number
    2096             :            x in [2, psc]             x-1
    2097             :            x where x>psc            psc-1
    2098             : 
    2099             :          Set A=min(x, 5), B=min(A-2, compressed_slot_number-1), and
    2100             :          note that compressed_slot_number is in [psc+1, USHORT_MAX].
    2101             :          Then:
    2102             :              x                A     A-2          B      B+1
    2103             :              1                1  USHORT_MAX    csn-1    csn
    2104             :            x in [2, psc]      x     x-2         x-2     x-1
    2105             :            x where x>psc     psc   psc-2       psc-2   psc-1
    2106             :          So B+1 is the desired value. */
    2107           3 :       cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(compressed_slot_number-1),
    2108           3 :                                             (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2109           3 :       write_limit_c++;
    2110           3 :       continue;
    2111           3 :     }
    2112             : 
    2113       26076 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2114           6 :       slow_path++;
    2115           6 :       continue;
    2116           6 :     }
    2117             : 
    2118             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2119             :        current writers */
    2120       26070 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2121      119058 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2122             : 
    2123       92988 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2124       92988 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2125             : 
    2126       65124 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  *acct, NULL );
    2127       65124 :       if( use ) conflicts |= (use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE) ? use->in_use_by : 0UL;
    2128       65124 :     }
    2129             : 
    2130       26070 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( conflicts ) ) {
    2131           0 :       slow_path++;
    2132           0 :       continue;
    2133           0 :     }
    2134             : 
    2135             :     /* Include this transaction in the microblock! */
    2136       26070 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2137       26070 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2138             : 
    2139       26070 :     fd_txn_p_t * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2140       26070 :     if( FD_LIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>=1024UL ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2141       13278 :     else                                            fd_memcpy      ( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2142             : 
    2143       26070 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                                = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2144       26070 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2145       26070 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus                 = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2146       26070 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                                = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2147       26070 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos              = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2148       26070 :     out_txnp->first_seen_nanos                          = cur->txn->first_seen_nanos;
    2149       26070 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                                = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2150       26070 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                               = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2151       26070 :     out_txnp->flags                                     = cur->txn->flags;
    2152       26070 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp), txn, fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2153             : 
    2154             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2155       26070 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2156       26070 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( alt_acct_cnt ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt*sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2157       26070 :     out++;
    2158             : 
    2159       26070 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2160       84363 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2161       58293 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2162             : 
    2163       58293 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( writer_costs, &acct_addr, NULL, writers );
    2164       58293 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2165       11002 :         in_wcost_table = wcost_pool_ele_acquire( writers );
    2166       11002 :         in_wcost_table->key        = acct_addr;
    2167       11002 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2168       11002 :         wcost_map_ele_insert     ( writer_costs, in_wcost_table, writers );
    2169       11002 :         wcost_dlist_ele_push_tail( written_list, in_wcost_table, writers );
    2170       11002 :       }
    2171       58293 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2172             : 
    2173       58293 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr );
    2174       58293 :       use->in_use_by = bank_tile_mask | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE;
    2175             : 
    2176       58293 :       use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2177             : 
    2178             :       /* If there aren't any more references to this account in the
    2179             :          heap, it can't cause any conflicts.  That means we actually
    2180             :          don't need to record that we are using it, which is good
    2181             :          because we want to release the bit. */
    2182       58293 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2183       58293 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2184       58293 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2185       58293 :     }
    2186       26070 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2187      119058 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2188             : 
    2189       92988 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct_addr = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2190             : 
    2191       92988 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct_addr ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2192             : 
    2193       65124 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use,  acct_addr, NULL );
    2194       65124 :       if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( acct_in_use, acct_addr ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2195             : 
    2196       65124 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & bank_tile_mask) ) use_by_bank[use_by_bank_cnt++] = *use;
    2197       65124 :       use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask;
    2198       65124 :       use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2199             : 
    2200             : 
    2201       65124 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &acct_addr );
    2202       65124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2203       65124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2204       65124 :     }
    2205             : 
    2206       26070 :     txns_scheduled  += 1UL;                      txn_limit       -= 1UL;
    2207       26070 :     cus_scheduled   += cur->compute_est;         cu_limit        -= cur->compute_est;
    2208       26070 :     bytes_scheduled += cur->txn->payload_sz;     byte_limit      -= cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2209       26070 :     alloc_scheduled += cur->txn->pack_alloc;     alloc_limit     -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2210             : 
    2211       26070 :     *(use_by_bank_txn++) = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2212             : 
    2213       26070 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2214       26070 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pool );
    2215             : 
    2216       26070 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2217       26070 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2218       26070 :     treap_idx_remove( sched_from, _cur, pool );
    2219       26070 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pool, _cur );
    2220       26070 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2221             : 
    2222       26070 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( (cu_limit<smallest_in_treap->cus) | (txn_limit==0UL) | (byte_limit<smallest_in_treap->bytes) ) ) break;
    2223       26070 :   }
    2224             : 
    2225       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_TAKEN_IDX               ] += txns_scheduled;
    2226       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX            ] += cu_limit_c;
    2227       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CONFLICT_FAST_IDX       ] += fast_path;
    2228       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX          ] += byte_limit_c;
    2229       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX         ] += alloc_limit_c;
    2230       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_WRITE_COST_IDX          ] += write_limit_c;
    2231       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CONFLICT_SLOW_IDX       ] += slow_path;
    2232       14662 :   pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_WRITE_COST_DEFERRED_IDX ] += skip_c;
    2233             : 
    2234             :   /* If we scanned the whole treap and didn't break early, we now have a
    2235             :      better estimate of the smallest. */
    2236       14662 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( prev ) ) ) {
    2237       14393 :     smallest_in_treap->cus   = min_cus;
    2238       14393 :     smallest_in_treap->bytes = min_bytes;
    2239       14393 :   }
    2240             : 
    2241       14662 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = use_by_bank_cnt;
    2242       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2243       14662 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2244             : 
    2245       14662 :   sched_return_t to_return = { .cus_scheduled=cus_scheduled,     .txns_scheduled=txns_scheduled,
    2246       14662 :                                .bytes_scheduled=bytes_scheduled, .alloc_scheduled=alloc_scheduled };
    2247       14662 :   return to_return;
    2248       14838 : }
    2249             : 
    2250             : int
    2251             : fd_pack_microblock_complete( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2252       14844 :                              ulong       bank_tile ) {
    2253             :   /* If the account is in use writably, and it's in use by this banking
    2254             :      tile, then this banking tile must be the sole writer to it, so it's
    2255             :      always okay to clear the writable bit. */
    2256       14844 :   ulong clear_mask = ~((1UL<<bank_tile) | FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE);
    2257             : 
    2258             :   /* If nothing outstanding, bail quickly */
    2259       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(pack->outstanding_microblock_mask & (1UL<<bank_tile)) ) ) return 0;
    2260             : 
    2261        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2262        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2263        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2264        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2265             : 
    2266        8578 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * base = pack->use_by_bank[bank_tile];
    2267             : 
    2268        8578 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    2269        8578 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    2270        8578 :   ulong                     txn_cnt      = 0UL;
    2271             : 
    2272      113345 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile]; i++ ) {
    2273      104767 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, base[i].key, NULL );
    2274      104767 :     FD_TEST( use );
    2275      104767 :     use->in_use_by &= clear_mask;
    2276             : 
    2277             :     /* In order to properly bound the size of bitset_map, we need to
    2278             :        release the "reference" to the account when we schedule it.
    2279             :        However, that poses a bit of a problem here, because by the time
    2280             :        we complete the microblock, that account could have been assigned
    2281             :        a different bit in the bitset.  The scheduling step tells us if
    2282             :        that is the case, and if so, we know that the bits in
    2283             :        bitset_w_in_use and bitset_rw_in_use were already cleared as
    2284             :        necessary.
    2285             : 
    2286             :        Note that it's possible for BIT_CLEARED to be set and then unset
    2287             :        by later uses, but then the account would be in use on other
    2288             :        banks, so we wouldn't try to observe the old value.  For example:
    2289             :        Suppose bit 0->account A, bit 1->account B, and we have two
    2290             :        transactions that read A, B.  We schedule a microblock to bank 0,
    2291             :        taking both transactions, which sets the counts for A, B to 0,
    2292             :        and releases the bits, clearing bits 0 and 1, and setting
    2293             :        BIT_CLEARED.  Then we get two more transactions that read
    2294             :        accounts C, D, A, B, and they get assigned 0->C, 1->D, 2->A,
    2295             :        3->B.  We try to schedule a microblock to bank 1 that takes one
    2296             :        of those transactions.  This unsets BIT_CLEARED for A, B.
    2297             :        Finally, the first microblock completes.  Even though the bitset
    2298             :        map has the new bits for A and B which are "wrong" compared to
    2299             :        when the transaction was initially scheduled, those bits have
    2300             :        already been cleared and reset properly in the bitset as needed.
    2301             :        A and B will still be in use by bank 1, so we won't clear any
    2302             :        bits.  If, on the other hand, the microblock scheduled to bank 1
    2303             :        completes first, bits 0 and 1 will be cleared for accounts C and
    2304             :        D, while bits 2 and 3 will remain set, which is correct.  Then
    2305             :        when bank 0 completes, bits 2 and 3 will be cleared. */
    2306      104767 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !use->in_use_by ) ) { /* if in_use_by==0, doesn't include BIT_CLEARED */
    2307       39450 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    2308       39450 :       FD_TEST( q );
    2309       39450 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  q->bit );
    2310       39450 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, q->bit );
    2311             : 
    2312             :       /* Because this account is no longer in use, it might be possible
    2313             :          to schedule a transaction that writes to it.  Check its
    2314             :          penalty treap if it has one, and potentially move it to the
    2315             :          main treap. */
    2316       39450 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, base[i].key, NULL );
    2317       39450 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    2318        5507 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    2319        5507 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    2320        2806 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    2321        2806 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    2322        2806 :         }
    2323        5507 :       }
    2324       39450 :     }
    2325             : 
    2326      104767 :     if( FD_LIKELY( !(use->in_use_by & ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) ) acct_uses_remove( pack->acct_in_use, use );
    2327             : 
    2328      104767 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( i+1UL==pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ][ txn_cnt ] ) ) {
    2329       25284 :       txn_cnt++;
    2330       25284 :       if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    2331             :         /* move best to the main treap */
    2332        2806 :         treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    2333        2806 :         best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    2334        2806 :         treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    2335             : 
    2336        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    2337        2806 :         pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    2338             : 
    2339        2806 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    2340          12 :           treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    2341             :           /* Removal invalidates any pointers we got from
    2342             :              penalty_map_query, but we immediately set these to NULL, so
    2343             :              we're not keeping any pointers around. */
    2344          12 :           penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    2345          12 :         }
    2346        2806 :         best         = NULL;
    2347        2806 :         best_penalty = NULL;
    2348        2806 :       }
    2349       25284 :     }
    2350      104767 :   }
    2351             : 
    2352        8578 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = 0UL;
    2353             : 
    2354        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2355        8578 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2356             : 
    2357             :   /* outstanding_microblock_mask never has the writable bit set, so we
    2358             :      don't care about clearing it here either. */
    2359        8578 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask &= clear_mask;
    2360        8578 :   return 1;
    2361        8578 : }
    2362             : 
    2363       14718 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES      0
    2364         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS       (-1)
    2365         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT        (-2)
    2366         126 : #define TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS(n)          ( n) /* schedule bundle with n transactions */
    2367             : static inline int
    2368             : fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( fd_pack_t  * pack,
    2369             :                              ulong        bank_tile,
    2370       14844 :                              fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2371       14844 :   int state = pack->initializer_bundle_state;
    2372       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING) | (state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2373             : 
    2374       14844 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool    = pack->pool;
    2375       14844 :   treap_t           * bundles = pack->pending_bundles;
    2376             : 
    2377       14844 :   int require_ib;
    2378       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED ) ) { require_ib = 1; }
    2379       14844 :   if( FD_LIKELY  ( state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY           ) ) { require_ib = 0; }
    2380             : 
    2381       14844 :   treap_rev_iter_t _cur  = treap_rev_iter_init( bundles, pool );
    2382       14844 :   ulong bundle_idx = ULONG_MAX;
    2383             : 
    2384             :   /* Skip any that we've marked as won't fit in this block */
    2385       14844 :   while( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) && treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool )->skip==pack->compressed_slot_number ) ) {
    2386           0 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2387           0 :     pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_WRITE_COST_DEFERRED_IDX ]++;
    2388           0 :   }
    2389             : 
    2390       14844 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2391             : 
    2392         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _txn0 = _cur;
    2393         126 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t * txn0 = treap_rev_iter_ele( _txn0, pool );
    2394         126 :   int is_ib = !!(txn0->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_INITIALIZER_BUNDLE);
    2395         126 :   bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( txn0->rewards, txn0->compute_est );
    2396             : 
    2397         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( require_ib & !is_ib ) ) return TRY_BUNDLE_NO_READY_BUNDLES;
    2398             : 
    2399             :   /* At this point, we have our candidate bundle, so we'll schedule it
    2400             :      if we can.  If we can't, we won't schedule anything. */
    2401             : 
    2402             : 
    2403         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * bundle_temp_inserted[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX ];
    2404         126 :   ulong bundle_temp_inserted_cnt = 0UL;
    2405             : 
    2406         126 :   ulong bank_tile_mask = 1UL << bank_tile;
    2407             : 
    2408         126 :   int doesnt_fit   = 0;
    2409         126 :   int has_conflict = 0;
    2410         126 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    2411             : 
    2412         126 :   ulong cu_limit         = pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           - pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2413         126 :   ulong byte_limit       = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     - pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2414         126 :   ulong microblock_limit = pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    - pack->microblock_cnt;
    2415         126 :   ulong alloc_limit      = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2416             : 
    2417         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_rw_in_use );
    2418         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bitset_w_in_use  );
    2419         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2420         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( bitset_w_in_use,  pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2421             : 
    2422             :   /* last_use_in_txn_cnt[i+1] Keeps track of the number of accounts that
    2423             :      have their last reference in transaction i of the bundle.  This
    2424             :      esoteric value is important for computing use_by_bank_txn.
    2425             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt[0] is garbage. */
    2426         126 :   ulong last_use_in_txn_cnt[ 1UL+FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE ] = { 0UL };
    2427             : 
    2428         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t   null_use[1]    = {{{{ 0 }}, { 0 }}};
    2429         126 :   fd_pack_wcost_ele_t  null_wcost[1]  = { 0 };
    2430             : 
    2431         504 :   while( !(doesnt_fit | has_conflict) & !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ) ) {
    2432         378 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2433         378 :     ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2434         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2435             : 
    2436         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->compute_est>cu_limit ) ) {
    2437           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2438           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CU_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2439           0 :       break;
    2440           0 :     }
    2441         378 :     cu_limit -= cur->compute_est;
    2442             : 
    2443             :     /* Each transaction in a bundle turns into a microblock */
    2444         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( microblock_limit==0UL ) ) {
    2445           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2446           0 :       FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, BLOCK_MICROBLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2447           0 :       break;
    2448           0 :     }
    2449         378 :     microblock_limit--;
    2450             : 
    2451         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD>byte_limit ) ) {
    2452           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2453           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_BYTE_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2454           0 :       break;
    2455           0 :     }
    2456         378 :     byte_limit -= cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2457             : 
    2458         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->pack_alloc>alloc_limit ) ) {
    2459           0 :       doesnt_fit = 1;
    2460           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_ALLOC_LIMIT_IDX ]++;
    2461           0 :       break;
    2462           0 :     }
    2463         378 :     alloc_limit -= cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2464             : 
    2465         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, pack->bitset_w_in_use, cur->w_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ) ) ) {
    2466           0 :       has_conflict = 1;
    2467           0 :       pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CONFLICT_FAST_IDX ]++;
    2468           0 :       break;
    2469           0 :     }
    2470             : 
    2471             :     /* Don't update the actual in-use bitset, because the transactions
    2472             :        in the bundle are allowed to conflict with each other. */
    2473         378 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_rw_in_use, cur->rw_bitset );
    2474         378 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( bitset_w_in_use,  cur->w_bitset  );
    2475             : 
    2476             : 
    2477         378 :     fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2478         378 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    2479         378 :     fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2480             : 
    2481             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's writable accounts and
    2482             :        current readers */
    2483         378 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    2484        1188 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2485             : 
    2486         810 :       fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2487             : 
    2488         810 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query          ( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct, null_use                  );
    2489         810 :       ulong current_cost                  = wcost_map_ele_query_const( pack->writer_costs,   &acct, null_wcost, pack->writers )->total_cost;
    2490         810 :       ulong carried_cost                  = (ulong)in_bundle_temp->carried_cost;
    2491         810 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( current_cost + carried_cost + cur->compute_est > pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct ) ) {
    2492           0 :         doesnt_fit = 1;
    2493           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_WRITE_COST_IDX ]++;
    2494           0 :         break;
    2495           0 :       }
    2496             : 
    2497         810 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2498         750 :         in_bundle_temp    = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, acct );
    2499         750 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2500         750 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2501         750 :       }
    2502         810 :       in_bundle_temp->carried_cost += (uint)cur->compute_est; /* < 2^21, but >0 */
    2503         810 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2504         810 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2505         810 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2506         810 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2507             : 
    2508         810 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, acct, null_use )->in_use_by ) ) {
    2509           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2510           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CONFLICT_SLOW_IDX ]++;
    2511           0 :         break;
    2512           0 :       }
    2513         810 :     }
    2514         378 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2515             : 
    2516             :     /* Check conflicts between this transaction's readonly accounts and
    2517             :        current writers */
    2518         378 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    2519        2106 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    2520             : 
    2521        1728 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * acct = ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    2522        1728 :       if( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( acct ) ) continue; /* No need to track sysvars because they can't be writable */
    2523             : 
    2524        1314 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_query( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct, null_use );
    2525        1314 :       if( FD_LIKELY( in_bundle_temp==null_use ) ) { /* Not in temp bundle table yet */
    2526        1038 :         in_bundle_temp = acct_uses_insert( pack->bundle_temp_map, *acct );
    2527        1038 :         in_bundle_temp->_ = 0UL;
    2528        1038 :         bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt++ ] = in_bundle_temp;
    2529        1038 :       }
    2530        1314 :       in_bundle_temp->ref_cnt++;
    2531        1314 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]--;
    2532        1314 :       in_bundle_temp->last_use_in = (ushort)(txn_cnt+1UL);
    2533        1314 :       last_use_in_txn_cnt[ in_bundle_temp->last_use_in ]++;
    2534             : 
    2535        1314 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use,  *acct, null_use )->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) ) {
    2536           0 :         has_conflict = 1;
    2537           0 :         pack->sched_results[ FD_METRICS_ENUM_PACK_TXN_SCHEDULE_RESULT_V_CONFLICT_SLOW_IDX ]++;
    2538           0 :         break;
    2539           0 :       }
    2540        1314 :     }
    2541             : 
    2542         378 :     if( has_conflict | doesnt_fit ) break;
    2543             : 
    2544         378 :     txn_cnt++;
    2545         378 :     _cur = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2546         378 :   }
    2547         126 :   int retval = fd_int_if( doesnt_fit, TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT,
    2548         126 :                                       fd_int_if( has_conflict, TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS, TRY_BUNDLE_SUCCESS( (int)txn_cnt ) ) );
    2549             : 
    2550         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval<=0 ) ) {
    2551           0 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2552           0 :       acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ] );
    2553           0 :     }
    2554           0 :     FD_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( pack->bundle_temp_map )==0UL );
    2555             : 
    2556           0 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( retval==TRY_BUNDLE_DOES_NOT_FIT ) ) {
    2557             :       /* Decrement the skip count for the bundle we just tried. */
    2558             : 
    2559           0 :       for( _cur=_txn0; !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    2560           0 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2561           0 :         ulong this_bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est );
    2562           0 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( this_bundle_idx!=bundle_idx ) ) break;
    2563             : 
    2564             :         /* See fd_pack_schedule_impl for this line */
    2565           0 :         cur->skip = (ushort)(1+fd_ushort_min( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number-1),
    2566           0 :               (ushort)(fd_ushort_min( cur->skip, FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT )-2) ) );
    2567           0 :       }
    2568           0 :     }
    2569           0 :     return retval;
    2570           0 :   }
    2571             : 
    2572             :   /* This bundle passed validation, so now we'll take it! */
    2573         126 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= bank_tile_mask;
    2574             : 
    2575         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _end  = _cur;
    2576         126 :   treap_rev_iter_t   _next;
    2577             : 
    2578             :   /* We'll carefully incrementally construct use_by_bank and
    2579             :      use_by_bank_txn based on the contents of bundle_temp and
    2580             :      last_use_in_txn_cnt. */
    2581         126 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * use_by_bank     = pack->use_by_bank    [bank_tile];
    2582         126 :   ulong              * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[bank_tile];
    2583         126 :   ulong cum_sum = 0UL;
    2584         504 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<txn_cnt; k++ ) { use_by_bank_txn[k] = cum_sum; cum_sum += last_use_in_txn_cnt[ k+1UL ]; }
    2585         126 :   pack->use_by_bank_cnt[bank_tile] = cum_sum;
    2586             : 
    2587             : 
    2588         504 :   for( _cur=_txn0; _cur!=_end; _cur=_next ) {
    2589         378 :     _next = treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool );
    2590             : 
    2591         378 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    2592         378 :     fd_txn_t const    * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    2593         378 :     fd_txn_p_t        * out_txnp = out->txnp;
    2594         378 :     if( FD_LIKELY( cur->txn->payload_sz>=1024UL ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2595          18 :     else                                            fd_memcpy      ( out_txnp->payload, cur->txn->payload, cur->txn->payload_sz );
    2596         378 :     fd_memcpy( TXN(out_txnp),     txn,               fd_txn_footprint( txn->instr_cnt, txn->addr_table_lookup_cnt ) );
    2597         378 :     out_txnp->payload_sz                      = cur->txn->payload_sz;
    2598         378 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus = cur->txn->pack_cu.requested_exec_plus_acct_data_cus;
    2599         378 :     out_txnp->pack_cu.non_execution_cus       = cur->txn->pack_cu.non_execution_cus;
    2600         378 :     out_txnp->pack_alloc                      = cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2601         378 :     out_txnp->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos    = cur->txn->scheduler_arrival_time_nanos;
    2602         378 :     out_txnp->first_seen_nanos                = cur->txn->first_seen_nanos;
    2603         378 :     out_txnp->source_tpu                      = cur->txn->source_tpu;
    2604         378 :     out_txnp->source_ipv4                     = cur->txn->source_ipv4;
    2605         378 :     out_txnp->flags                           = cur->txn->flags;
    2606             :     /* Copy the ALT accounts from the source fd_txn_e_t */
    2607         378 :     ulong alt_acct_cnt = (ulong)txn->addr_table_adtl_cnt;
    2608         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( alt_acct_cnt ) ) pack_memcpy_out( out->alt_accts, cur->txn_e->alt_accts, alt_acct_cnt*sizeof(fd_acct_addr_t) );
    2609         378 :     out++;
    2610             : 
    2611         378 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += cur->compute_est;
    2612         378 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += cur->txn->payload_sz + MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2613         378 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += cur->txn->pack_alloc;
    2614         378 :     pack->microblock_cnt        += 1UL;
    2615             : 
    2616         378 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( cur->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, cur, pack->pool );
    2617         378 :     sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, cur, pack->pool );
    2618             : 
    2619         378 :     cur->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2620         378 :     expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, cur->expq_idx );
    2621         378 :     treap_idx_remove( pack->pending_bundles, _cur, pack->pool );
    2622         378 :     trp_pool_idx_release( pack->pool, _cur );
    2623         378 :     pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    2624         378 :   }
    2625             : 
    2626             : 
    2627        1914 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bundle_temp_inserted_cnt; i++ ) {
    2628             :     /* In order to clear bundle_temp_map with the typical trick, we need
    2629             :        to iterate through bundle_temp_inserted backwards. */
    2630        1788 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * addr_use = bundle_temp_inserted[ bundle_temp_inserted_cnt-i-1UL ];
    2631             : 
    2632        1788 :     int any_writers = addr_use->carried_cost>0U; /* Did any transaction in this bundle write lock this account address? */
    2633             : 
    2634        1788 :     if( FD_LIKELY( any_writers ) ) { /* UNLIKELY? */
    2635         750 :       fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( pack->writer_costs, &addr_use->key, NULL, pack->writers );
    2636         750 :       if( !in_wcost_table ) {
    2637         735 :         in_wcost_table = wcost_pool_ele_acquire( pack->writers );
    2638         735 :         in_wcost_table->key        = addr_use->key;
    2639         735 :         in_wcost_table->total_cost = 0UL;
    2640         735 :         wcost_map_ele_insert     ( pack->writer_costs, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2641         735 :         wcost_dlist_ele_push_tail( pack->written_list, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2642         735 :       }
    2643         750 :       in_wcost_table->total_cost += (ulong)addr_use->carried_cost;
    2644         750 :     }
    2645             : 
    2646             :     /* in_use_by must be set before releasing the bit reference */
    2647        1788 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key, NULL );
    2648        1788 :     if( !use ) { use = acct_uses_insert( pack->acct_in_use, addr_use->key ); use->in_use_by = 0UL; }
    2649        1788 :     use->in_use_by |= bank_tile_mask | fd_ulong_if( any_writers, FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE, 0UL );
    2650        1788 :     use->in_use_by &= ~FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED;
    2651             : 
    2652        1788 :     use_by_bank[ use_by_bank_txn[ addr_use->last_use_in-1UL ]++ ] = *use;
    2653             : 
    2654        3912 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<(ulong)addr_use->ref_cnt; k++ ) {
    2655        2124 :       release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, &(addr_use->key) );
    2656        2124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    2657        2124 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    2658        2124 :     }
    2659             : 
    2660        1788 :     acct_uses_remove( pack->bundle_temp_map, addr_use );
    2661        1788 :   }
    2662             : 
    2663         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, bitset_rw_in_use );
    2664         126 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  bitset_w_in_use  );
    2665             : 
    2666         126 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( is_ib ) ) {
    2667           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING;
    2668           0 :   }
    2669         126 :   pack_memcpy_fini();
    2670         126 :   return retval;
    2671         126 : }
    2672             : 
    2673             : 
    2674             : ulong
    2675             : fd_pack_schedule_next_microblock( fd_pack_t *  pack,
    2676             :                                   ulong        total_cus,
    2677             :                                   ulong        bank_tile,
    2678             :                                   int          schedule_flags,
    2679       14964 :                                   fd_txn_e_t * out ) {
    2680             : 
    2681             :   /* TODO: Decide if these are exactly how we want to handle limits */
    2682       14964 :   total_cus = fd_ulong_min( total_cus, pack->lim->max_cost_per_block - pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2683             : 
    2684       14964 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (pack->microblock_cnt>=pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block) ) ) {
    2685           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, BLOCK_MICROBLOCK_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2686           0 :     return 0UL;
    2687           0 :   }
    2688       14964 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->data_bytes_consumed+MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD+FD_TXN_MIN_SERIALIZED_SZ>pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block) ) {
    2689           0 :     FD_MCNT_INC( PACK, BLOCK_BYTE_LIMIT_REACHED, 1UL );
    2690           0 :     return 0UL;
    2691           0 :   }
    2692             : 
    2693       14964 :   ulong * use_by_bank_txn = pack->use_by_bank_txn[ bank_tile ];
    2694             : 
    2695       14964 : #if FD_HAS_X86
    2696             :   /* out is a cold dcache chunk.  Its payload is streamed, but the
    2697             :      metadata and TXN() lines are regular stores; start those reads for
    2698             :      ownership under the scheduling work. */
    2699       14964 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU,       _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2700       14964 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU+ 64UL, _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2701       14964 :   _mm_prefetch( (uchar *)out+FD_TPU_MTU+128UL, _MM_HINT_ET0 );
    2702       14964 : #endif
    2703             : 
    2704       14964 :   ulong cu_limit    = total_cus;
    2705       14964 :   ulong txn_limit   = pack->lim->max_txn_per_microblock;
    2706       14964 :   ulong scheduled   = 0UL;
    2707       14964 :   ulong byte_limit  = pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block - pack->data_bytes_consumed - MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2708       14964 :   ulong alloc_limit = pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block - pack->alloc_consumed;
    2709             : 
    2710       14964 :   sched_return_t status = {0};
    2711             : 
    2712       14964 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_BUNDLE ) ) {
    2713       14844 :     int bundle_result = fd_pack_try_schedule_bundle( pack, bank_tile, out );
    2714       14844 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result>0                         ) ) return (ulong)bundle_result;
    2715       14718 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( bundle_result==TRY_BUNDLE_HAS_CONFLICTS ) ) return 0UL;
    2716             :     /* in the NO_READY_BUNDLES or DOES_NOT_FIT case, we schedule like
    2717             :        normal. */
    2718             :     /* We have the early returns here because try_schedule_bundle does
    2719             :        the bookkeeping internally, since the calculations are a bit
    2720             :        different in that case. */
    2721       14718 :   }
    2722             : 
    2723             : 
    2724             :   /* Fill the microblock with transactions, votes included */
    2725       14838 :   if( FD_LIKELY( schedule_flags & FD_PACK_SCHEDULE_TXN ) ) {
    2726       14838 :     status = fd_pack_schedule_impl( pack, pack->pending, cu_limit, txn_limit, byte_limit, alloc_limit, bank_tile,
    2727       14838 :         pack->pending_smallest, use_by_bank_txn, out+scheduled );
    2728             : 
    2729       14838 :     scheduled                   += status.txns_scheduled;
    2730       14838 :     pack->cumulative_block_cost += status.cus_scheduled;
    2731       14838 :     pack->data_bytes_consumed   += status.bytes_scheduled;
    2732       14838 :     pack->alloc_consumed        += status.alloc_scheduled;
    2733       14838 :   }
    2734             : 
    2735       14838 :   ulong nonempty = (ulong)(scheduled>0UL);
    2736       14838 :   pack->microblock_cnt              += nonempty;
    2737       14838 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask |= nonempty << bank_tile;
    2738       14838 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         += nonempty * MICROBLOCK_DATA_OVERHEAD;
    2739             : 
    2740       14838 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->txn_per_microblock, scheduled );
    2741             : 
    2742       14838 :   pack_memcpy_fini();
    2743       14838 :   return scheduled;
    2744       14964 : }
    2745             : 
    2746      274398 : ulong fd_pack_bank_tile_cnt     ( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->bank_tile_cnt;         }
    2747           0 : ulong fd_pack_current_block_cost( fd_pack_t const * pack ) { return pack->cumulative_block_cost; }
    2748             : 
    2749             : 
    2750             : void
    2751           0 : fd_pack_set_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_t const * limits ) {
    2752           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_cost_per_block      >= FD_PACK_MAX_COST_PER_BLOCK_LOWER_BOUND      );
    2753           0 :   FD_TEST( limits->max_write_cost_per_acct >= FD_PACK_MAX_WRITE_COST_PER_ACCT_LOWER_BOUND );
    2754             : 
    2755           0 :   pack->lim->max_microblocks_per_block    = limits->max_microblocks_per_block;
    2756           0 :   pack->lim->max_data_bytes_per_block     = limits->max_data_bytes_per_block;
    2757           0 :   pack->lim->max_cost_per_block           = limits->max_cost_per_block;
    2758           0 :   pack->lim->max_write_cost_per_acct      = limits->max_write_cost_per_acct;
    2759           0 :   pack->lim->max_allocated_data_per_block = limits->max_allocated_data_per_block;
    2760           0 : }
    2761             : 
    2762             : void
    2763           0 : fd_pack_get_block_limits( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_limits_usage_t * opt_limits_usage, fd_pack_limits_t * opt_limits ) {
    2764           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits_usage ) ) {
    2765           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_cost          = pack->cumulative_block_cost;
    2766           0 :     opt_limits_usage->block_data_bytes    = pack->data_bytes_consumed;
    2767           0 :     opt_limits_usage->microblocks         = pack->microblock_cnt;
    2768           0 :     opt_limits_usage->alloc               = pack->alloc_consumed;
    2769           0 :   }
    2770           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_limits ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_limits, pack->lim, sizeof(fd_pack_limits_t) );
    2771           0 : }
    2772             : 
    2773             : void
    2774           0 : fd_pack_get_top_writers( fd_pack_t const * pack, fd_pack_addr_use_t top_writers[static FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT] ) {
    2775           0 :   fd_memcpy( top_writers, pack->top_writers, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2776           0 : }
    2777             : 
    2778             : void
    2779           0 : fd_pack_get_pending_smallest( fd_pack_t * pack, fd_pack_smallest_t * opt_pending_smallest ) {
    2780           0 :   if( FD_LIKELY( opt_pending_smallest ) ) fd_memcpy( opt_pending_smallest, pack->pending_smallest, sizeof(fd_pack_smallest_t) );
    2781           0 : }
    2782             : 
    2783             : void
    2784             : fd_pack_rebate_cus( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    2785           6 :                     fd_pack_rebate_t const * rebate ) {
    2786           6 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( (rebate->ib_result!=0) & (pack->initializer_bundle_state==FD_PACK_IB_STATE_PENDING ) ) ) {
    2787           0 :     pack->initializer_bundle_state = fd_int_if( rebate->ib_result==1, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_READY, FD_PACK_IB_STATE_FAILED );
    2788           0 :   }
    2789             : 
    2790           6 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  -= rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2791           6 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    -= rebate->data_bytes_rebate;
    2792           6 :   pack->alloc_consumed         -= rebate->alloc_rebate;
    2793           6 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus += rebate->total_cost_rebate;
    2794             :   /* For now, we want to ignore the microblock count rebate.  There are
    2795             :      3 places the microblock count is kept (here, in the pack tile, and
    2796             :      in the PoH tile), and they all need to count microblocks that end
    2797             :      up being empty in the same way.  It would be better from a
    2798             :      DoS-resistance perspective for them all not to count empty
    2799             :      microblocks towards the total, but there's a race condition:
    2800             :      suppose pack schedules a microblock containing one transaction that
    2801             :      doesn't land on chain, the slot ends, and then pack informs PoH of
    2802             :      the number of microblocks before the final rebate comes through.
    2803             :      This isn't unsolvable, but it's pretty gross, so it's probably
    2804             :      better to just not apply the rebate for now. */
    2805           6 :   (void)rebate->microblock_cnt_rebate;
    2806             : 
    2807           6 :   wcost_map_t * writer_costs = pack->writer_costs;
    2808          18 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<rebate->writer_cnt; i++ ) {
    2809          12 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * in_wcost_table = wcost_map_ele_query( writer_costs, &rebate->writer_rebates[i].key, NULL, pack->writers );
    2810          12 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !in_wcost_table ) ) FD_LOG_ERR(( "Rebate to unknown written account" ));
    2811          12 :     in_wcost_table->total_cost -= rebate->writer_rebates[i].rebate_cus;
    2812             :     /* If the rebate drops it to zero, return it to the pool */
    2813          12 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !in_wcost_table->total_cost ) ) {
    2814           3 :       wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( writer_costs,       in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2815           3 :       wcost_dlist_ele_remove   ( pack->written_list, in_wcost_table, pack->writers );
    2816           3 :       wcost_pool_ele_release   ( pack->writers,      in_wcost_table );
    2817           3 :     }
    2818          12 :   }
    2819           6 : }
    2820             : 
    2821             : 
    2822             : ulong
    2823             : fd_pack_expire_before( fd_pack_t * pack,
    2824          15 :                        ulong       expire_before ) {
    2825          15 :   expire_before = fd_ulong_max( expire_before, pack->expire_before );
    2826          15 :   ulong deleted_cnt = 0UL;
    2827          15 :   fd_pack_expq_t * prq = pack->expiration_q;
    2828         327 :   while( (expq_cnt( prq )>0UL) & (prq->expires_at<expire_before) ) {
    2829         312 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * expired = prq->txn;
    2830             : 
    2831             :     /* fd_pack_delete_transaction also removes it from the heap */
    2832             :     /* All the transactions in the same bundle have the same expiration
    2833             :        time, so this loop will end up deleting them all, even with
    2834             :        delete_full_bundle set to 0. */
    2835         312 :     ulong _delete_cnt = delete_transaction( pack, expired, 0, 1 );
    2836         312 :     deleted_cnt += _delete_cnt;
    2837         312 :     FD_TEST( _delete_cnt );
    2838         312 :   }
    2839             : 
    2840          15 :   pack->expire_before = expire_before;
    2841          15 :   return deleted_cnt;
    2842          15 : }
    2843             : 
    2844             : void
    2845           9 : fd_pack_end_block( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2846             :   /* rounded division */
    2847           9 :   ulong pct_cus_per_block = (pack->cumulative_block_cost*100UL + (pack->lim->max_cost_per_block>>1))/pack->lim->max_cost_per_block;
    2848           9 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->pct_cus_per_block,       pct_cus_per_block                                          );
    2849           9 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->net_cus_per_block,       pack->cumulative_block_cost                                );
    2850           9 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->rebated_cus_per_block,   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus                               );
    2851           9 :   fd_histf_sample( pack->scheduled_cus_per_block, pack->cumulative_rebated_cus + pack->cumulative_block_cost );
    2852             : 
    2853           9 :   pack->microblock_cnt              = 0UL;
    2854           9 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed         = 0UL;
    2855           9 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost       = 0UL;
    2856           9 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus      = 0UL;
    2857           9 :   pack->outstanding_microblock_mask = 0UL;
    2858           9 :   pack->alloc_consumed              = 0UL;
    2859             : 
    2860           9 :   pack->initializer_bundle_state = FD_PACK_IB_STATE_NOT_INITIALIZED;
    2861             : 
    2862           9 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2863           9 :   memset( pack->top_writers, 0, sizeof(pack->top_writers) );
    2864             : 
    2865           9 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * last_top_writer = pack->top_writers + FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT-1UL;
    2866             : 
    2867        4833 :   while( !wcost_dlist_is_empty( pack->written_list, pack->writers ) ) {
    2868        4824 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writer = wcost_dlist_ele_pop_head( pack->written_list, pack->writers );
    2869        4824 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( writer->total_cost>last_top_writer->total_cost ) ) {
    2870          66 :       last_top_writer->key        = writer->key;
    2871          66 :       last_top_writer->total_cost = writer->total_cost;
    2872          66 :       fd_pack_writer_cost_sort_insert( pack->top_writers, FD_PACK_TOP_WRITERS_CNT );
    2873          66 :     }
    2874             :     /* Clearing the cost field here is unnecessary (since it gets
    2875             :        cleared on insert), but makes debugging a bit easier. */
    2876        4824 :     writer->total_cost = 0UL;
    2877        4824 :     wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( pack->writer_costs, writer, pack->writers );
    2878        4824 :     wcost_pool_ele_release( pack->writers, writer );
    2879        4824 :   }
    2880             : 
    2881             :   /* compressed_slot_number is > FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT, which means +1 is the
    2882             :      max unless it overflows. */
    2883           9 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = fd_ushort_max( (ushort)(pack->compressed_slot_number+1), (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1) );
    2884             : 
    2885           9 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2886           9 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2887             : 
    2888          18 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2889             : 
    2890             :   /* If our stake is low and we don't become leader often, end_block
    2891             :      might get called on the order of O(1/hr), which feels too
    2892             :      infrequent to do anything related to metrics.  However, we only
    2893             :      update the histograms when we are leader, so this is actually a
    2894             :      good place to copy them. */
    2895           9 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, TXN_PER_MICROBLOCK, pack->txn_per_microblock );
    2896             : 
    2897           9 :   FD_MGAUGE_SET( PACK, BLOCK_COST,               0UL                           );
    2898           9 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, COST_SCHEDULED_PER_BLOCK, pack->scheduled_cus_per_block );
    2899           9 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, CU_REBATED_PER_BLOCK,     pack->rebated_cus_per_block   );
    2900           9 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, COST_NET_PER_BLOCK,       pack->net_cus_per_block       );
    2901           9 :   FD_MHIST_COPY( PACK, COST_PER_BLOCK_PCT,       pack->pct_cus_per_block       );
    2902           9 : }
    2903             : 
    2904             : static void
    2905             : release_tree( treap_t           * treap,
    2906             :               sig2txn_t         * signature_map,
    2907             :               noncemap_t        * noncemap,
    2908           6 :               fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool ) {
    2909           6 :   treap_fwd_iter_t next;
    2910          15 :   for( treap_fwd_iter_t it=treap_fwd_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_fwd_iter_done( it ); it=next ) {
    2911           9 :     next = treap_fwd_iter_next( it, pool );
    2912           9 :     ulong idx = treap_fwd_iter_idx( it );
    2913           9 :     pool[ idx ].root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    2914           9 :     treap_idx_remove       ( treap,         idx, pool );
    2915           9 :     sig2txn_idx_remove_fast( signature_map, idx, pool );
    2916           9 :     trp_pool_idx_release   ( pool,          idx       );
    2917           9 :     if( pool[ idx ].txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) {
    2918           9 :       noncemap_idx_remove_fast( noncemap, idx, pool );
    2919           9 :     }
    2920           9 :   }
    2921           6 : }
    2922             : 
    2923             : void
    2924           3 : fd_pack_clear_all( fd_pack_t * pack ) {
    2925           3 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt        = 0UL;
    2926           3 :   pack->microblock_cnt         = 0UL;
    2927           3 :   pack->cumulative_block_cost  = 0UL;
    2928           3 :   pack->cumulative_rebated_cus = 0UL;
    2929           3 :   pack->data_bytes_consumed    = 0UL;
    2930           3 :   pack->alloc_consumed         = 0UL;
    2931             : 
    2932           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->cus         = ULONG_MAX;
    2933           3 :   pack->pending_smallest->bytes       = ULONG_MAX;
    2934             : 
    2935           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending,         pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2936           3 :   release_tree( pack->pending_bundles, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2937             : 
    2938           3 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pack->pool );
    2939         132 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    2940         129 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->pool[ i ].root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) ) {
    2941           0 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * const del = pack->pool + i;
    2942           0 :       fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( del->txn );
    2943           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, del->txn->payload );
    2944           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = del->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2945           0 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( del->root ) );
    2946           0 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    2947           0 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    2948           0 :       release_tree( penalty_treap->penalty_treap, pack->signature_map, pack->noncemap, pack->pool );
    2949           0 :     }
    2950         129 :   }
    2951             : 
    2952           3 :   pack->compressed_slot_number = (ushort)(FD_PACK_SKIP_CNT+1);
    2953             : 
    2954           3 :   expq_remove_all( pack->expiration_q );
    2955             : 
    2956           3 :   acct_uses_clear( pack->acct_in_use  );
    2957             : 
    2958          18 :   while( !wcost_dlist_is_empty( pack->written_list, pack->writers ) ) {
    2959          15 :     fd_pack_wcost_ele_t * writer = wcost_dlist_ele_pop_head( pack->written_list, pack->writers );
    2960          15 :     writer->total_cost = 0UL;
    2961          15 :     wcost_map_ele_remove_fast( pack->writer_costs, writer, pack->writers );
    2962          15 :     wcost_pool_ele_release( pack->writers, writer );
    2963          15 :   }
    2964             : 
    2965           3 :   penalty_map_clear( pack->penalty_treaps );
    2966             : 
    2967           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    2968           3 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    2969           3 :   bitset_map_clear( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    2970           3 :   pack->bitset_avail[ 0 ] = FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH;
    2971        1027 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) pack->bitset_avail[ i+1UL ] = (ushort)i;
    2972           3 :   pack->bitset_avail_cnt = FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX;
    2973             : 
    2974           6 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->bank_tile_cnt; i++ ) pack->use_by_bank_cnt[i] = 0UL;
    2975           3 : }
    2976             : 
    2977             : 
    2978             : /* If delete_full_bundle is non-zero and the transaction to delete is
    2979             :    part of a bundle, the rest of the bundle it is part of will be
    2980             :    deleted as well.
    2981             :    If move_from_penalty_treap is non-zero and the transaction to delete
    2982             :    is in the pending treap, move the best transaction in any of the
    2983             :    conflicting penalty treaps to the pending treap (if there is one). */
    2984             : static ulong
    2985             : delete_transaction( fd_pack_t         * pack,
    2986             :                     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * containing,
    2987             :                     int                 delete_full_bundle,
    2988        4041 :                     int                 move_from_penalty_treap ) {
    2989             : 
    2990        4041 :   fd_txn_t * txn = TXN( containing->txn );
    2991        4041 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, containing->txn->payload );
    2992        4041 :   fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = containing->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    2993             : 
    2994        4041 :   treap_t * root = NULL;
    2995        4041 :   int root_idx = containing->root;
    2996        4041 :   fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * penalty_treap = NULL;
    2997        4041 :   switch( root_idx & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK ) {
    2998           0 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE:           FD_LOG_CRIT(( "Double free detected" ));
    2999         870 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING:        root = pack->pending;         break;
    3000         519 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING_BUNDLE: root = pack->pending_bundles; break;
    3001        2652 :     case FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY( 0 ): {
    3002        2652 :       fd_acct_addr_t penalty_acct = *ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( root_idx ) );
    3003        2652 :       penalty_treap = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_acct, NULL );
    3004        2652 :       FD_TEST( penalty_treap );
    3005        2652 :       root = penalty_treap->penalty_treap;
    3006        2652 :       break;
    3007        2652 :     }
    3008        4041 :   }
    3009             : 
    3010        4041 :   ulong delete_cnt = 0UL;
    3011        4041 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( delete_full_bundle & (root==pack->pending_bundles) ) ) {
    3012             :     /* When we delete, the structure of the treap may move around, but
    3013             :        pointers to inside the pool will remain valid */
    3014         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * bundle_ptrs[ FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE-1UL ];
    3015         123 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * pool       = pack->pool;
    3016         123 :     ulong               cnt        = 0UL;
    3017         123 :     ulong               bundle_idx = RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( containing->rewards, containing->compute_est );
    3018             : 
    3019             :     /* Iterate in both directions from the current transaction */
    3020         123 :     for( treap_fwd_iter_t _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( (treap_fwd_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3021         426 :         !treap_fwd_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_fwd_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3022         303 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_fwd_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3023         303 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3024         303 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3025         303 :       } else {
    3026           0 :         break;
    3027           0 :       }
    3028         303 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3029         303 :     }
    3030             : 
    3031         123 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( (treap_rev_iter_t)treap_idx_fast( containing, pool ), pool );
    3032         216 :         !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur ); _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3033          93 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele( _cur, pool );
    3034          93 :       if( FD_LIKELY( bundle_idx==RC_TO_REL_BUNDLE_IDX( cur->rewards, cur->compute_est ) ) ) {
    3035          93 :         bundle_ptrs[ cnt++ ] = cur;
    3036          93 :       } else {
    3037           0 :         break;
    3038           0 :       }
    3039          93 :       FD_TEST( cnt<FD_PACK_MAX_TXN_PER_BUNDLE );
    3040          93 :     }
    3041             : 
    3042             :     /* Delete them each, setting delete_full_bundle to 0 to avoid
    3043             :        infinite recursion. */
    3044         519 :     for( ulong k=0UL; k<cnt; k++ ) delete_cnt += delete_transaction( pack, bundle_ptrs[ k ], 0, 0 );
    3045         123 :   }
    3046             : 
    3047             : 
    3048        4041 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( move_from_penalty_treap & (root==pack->pending) ) ) {
    3049             : 
    3050         765 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t       * best         = NULL;
    3051         765 :     fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * best_penalty = NULL;
    3052             : 
    3053         765 :     for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3054        3345 :         iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3055        2580 :       fd_pack_penalty_treap_t * p_trp = penalty_map_query( pack->penalty_treaps, *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ), NULL );
    3056        2580 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( p_trp ) ) {
    3057        1340 :         fd_pack_ord_txn_t * best_in_trp = treap_rev_iter_ele( treap_rev_iter_init( p_trp->penalty_treap, pack->pool ), pack->pool );
    3058        1340 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( !best || COMPARE_WORSE( best, best_in_trp ) ) ) {
    3059         701 :           best         = best_in_trp;
    3060         701 :           best_penalty = p_trp;
    3061         701 :         }
    3062        1340 :       }
    3063        2580 :     }
    3064             : 
    3065         765 :     if( FD_LIKELY( best ) ) {
    3066             :       /* move best to the main treap */
    3067         701 :       treap_ele_remove( best_penalty->penalty_treap, best, pack->pool );
    3068         701 :       best->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENDING;
    3069         701 :       treap_ele_insert( pack->pending,               best, pack->pool );
    3070             : 
    3071         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->cus   = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->cus,   best->compute_est             );
    3072         701 :       pack->pending_smallest->bytes = fd_ulong_min( pack->pending_smallest->bytes, best->txn_e->txnp->payload_sz );
    3073             : 
    3074         701 :       if( FD_UNLIKELY( !treap_ele_cnt( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) ) ) {
    3075           9 :         treap_delete( treap_leave( best_penalty->penalty_treap ) );
    3076           9 :         penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, best_penalty );
    3077           9 :       }
    3078         701 :     }
    3079         765 :   }
    3080             : 
    3081        4041 :   for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_ALL );
    3082       39168 :       iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3083       35127 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) ) ) ) continue;
    3084             : 
    3085       30384 :     release_result_t ret = release_bit_reference( pack, ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter ) );
    3086       30384 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_rw_in_use, ret.clear_rw_bit );
    3087       30384 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( pack->bitset_w_in_use,  ret.clear_w_bit  );
    3088       30384 :   }
    3089             : 
    3090        4041 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( containing->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE ) ) {
    3091         351 :     noncemap_ele_remove_fast( pack->noncemap, containing, pack->pool );
    3092         351 :   }
    3093        4041 :   expq_remove( pack->expiration_q, containing->expq_idx );
    3094        4041 :   containing->root = FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE;
    3095        4041 :   treap_ele_remove( root, containing, pack->pool );
    3096        4041 :   sig2txn_ele_remove_fast( pack->signature_map, containing, pack->pool );
    3097        4041 :   trp_pool_ele_release( pack->pool, containing );
    3098             : 
    3099        4041 :   delete_cnt += 1UL;
    3100        4041 :   pack->pending_txn_cnt--;
    3101             : 
    3102        4041 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( penalty_treap && treap_ele_cnt( root )==0UL ) ) {
    3103           0 :     penalty_map_remove( pack->penalty_treaps, penalty_treap );
    3104           0 :   }
    3105             : 
    3106        4041 :   return delete_cnt;
    3107        4041 : }
    3108             : 
    3109             : ulong
    3110             : fd_pack_delete_transaction( fd_pack_t              * pack,
    3111         180 :                             fd_ed25519_sig_t const * sig0 ) {
    3112         180 :   ulong cnt = 0;
    3113         180 :   ulong next = ULONG_MAX;
    3114             : 
    3115             :   /* sig2txn reads only the signature offset and signature bytes. */
    3116         180 :   fd_txn_e_t query_e;
    3117         180 :   TXN(query_e.txnp)->signature_off = 0U;
    3118         180 :   fd_memcpy( query_e.txnp[0].payload, sig0, FD_TXN_SIGNATURE_SZ );
    3119         180 :   for( ulong idx = sig2txn_idx_query_const( pack->signature_map, &query_e, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3120         336 :       idx!=ULONG_MAX; idx=next ) {
    3121             :     /* Iterating while deleting, not just this element, but perhaps the
    3122             :        whole bundle, feels a bit dangerous, but is actually fine because
    3123             :        a bundle can't contain two transactions with the same signature.
    3124             :        That means we know next is not part of the same bundle as idx,
    3125             :        which means that deleting idx will not delete next. */
    3126         156 :     next = sig2txn_idx_next_const( idx, ULONG_MAX, pack->pool );
    3127         156 :     cnt += delete_transaction( pack, pack->pool+idx, 1, 1 );
    3128         156 :   }
    3129             : 
    3130         180 :   return cnt;
    3131         180 : }
    3132             : 
    3133             : 
    3134             : int
    3135             : fd_pack_verify( fd_pack_t * pack,
    3136         435 :                 void      * scratch ) {
    3137             :   /* Invariants:
    3138             :      sig2txn_query has exact same contents as all treaps combined
    3139             :      root matches treap
    3140             :      Keys of acct_to_bitset is exactly union of all accounts in all
    3141             :             transactions in treaps, with ref counted appropriately
    3142             :      bits in bitset_avail is complement of bits allocated in
    3143             :             acct_to_bitset
    3144             :      expires_at consistent between treap, prq
    3145             :      use_by_bank does not contain duplicates
    3146             :      use_by_bank consistent with acct_in_use
    3147             :      elements in pool but not in a treap have root set to free
    3148             :      all penalty treaps have at least one transaction
    3149             :      all elements in penalty treaps are in the one that the root indicates
    3150             :      */
    3151             : 
    3152             :   /* TODO:
    3153             :      bitset_{r}w_in_use = bitset_map_query( everything in acct_in_use that doesn't have FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED )
    3154             :      bitset_w_in_use & bitset_rw_in_use == bitset_w_in_use
    3155             :      */
    3156      314618 : #define VERIFY_TEST( cond, ... ) do {   \
    3157      314618 :     if( FD_UNLIKELY( !(cond) ) ) {      \
    3158           0 :       FD_LOG_WARNING(( __VA_ARGS__ ));  \
    3159           0 :       return -(__LINE__);               \
    3160           0 :     }                                   \
    3161      314618 :   } while( 0 )
    3162             : 
    3163         435 :   ulong max_acct_in_treap  = pack->pack_depth * FD_TXN_ACCT_ADDR_MAX;
    3164         435 :   int lg_acct_in_trp = fd_ulong_find_msb( fd_ulong_pow2_up( 2UL*max_acct_in_treap  ) );
    3165         435 :   void * _bitset_map_copy = scratch;
    3166         435 :   void * _bitset_map_orig = bitset_map_leave( pack->acct_to_bitset );
    3167         435 :   fd_memcpy( _bitset_map_copy, _bitset_map_orig, bitset_map_footprint( lg_acct_in_trp ) );
    3168             : 
    3169         435 :   fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * bitset_copy = bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_copy );
    3170             : 
    3171             :   /* Check that each bit is in exactly one place */
    3172         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( processed ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( processed );
    3173         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( bit       ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit       );
    3174         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( full      ); FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( full      );
    3175             : 
    3176         435 :   if( FD_UNLIKELY( pack->bitset_avail[0]!=FD_PACK_BITSET_SLOWPATH ) ) return -1;
    3177      148237 :   for( ulong i=1UL; i<=pack->bitset_avail_cnt; i++ ) {
    3178      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3179      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3180      147802 :     VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ),
    3181      147802 :         "bit %hu in avail set twice", pack->bitset_avail[ i ] );
    3182      147802 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3183      147802 :   }
    3184             : 
    3185         435 :   ulong total_references = 0UL;
    3186    62865843 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<bitset_map_slot_cnt( bitset_copy ); i++ ) {
    3187    62865408 :     if( !bitset_map_key_inval( bitset_copy[ i ].key ) ) {
    3188        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt>0UL, "account address in table with 0 ref count" );
    3189             : 
    3190        1086 :       total_references += bitset_copy[ i ].ref_cnt;
    3191             : 
    3192        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3193        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3194        1086 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %hu used twice", bitset_copy[ i ].bit );
    3195        1086 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_OR( processed, bit );
    3196        1086 :     }
    3197    62865408 :   }
    3198      148915 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX; i++ ) {
    3199      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3200      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, i );
    3201      148480 :     VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, processed, processed ), "bit %lu missing", i );
    3202      148480 :     FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( full, i );
    3203      148480 :   }
    3204             : 
    3205             : 
    3206         435 :   fd_pack_ord_txn_t  * pool = pack->pool;
    3207         435 :   treap_t * treaps[ 2 ] = { pack->pending, pack->pending_bundles };
    3208         435 :   ulong txn_cnt = 0UL;
    3209             : 
    3210      983577 :   for( ulong k=0UL; k<2UL+penalty_map_slot_cnt( pack->penalty_treaps ); k++ ) {
    3211      983142 :     treap_t * treap = NULL;
    3212             : 
    3213      983142 :     if( k<2UL ) treap = treaps[ k ];
    3214      982272 :     else if( FD_LIKELY( penalty_map_key_inval( pack->penalty_treaps[ k-2UL ].key ) ) ) continue;
    3215           0 :     else {
    3216           0 :       treap = pack->penalty_treaps[ k-2UL ].penalty_treap;
    3217           0 :       VERIFY_TEST( treap_ele_cnt( treap )>0UL, "empty penalty treap in map" );
    3218           0 :     }
    3219             : 
    3220        1290 :     for( treap_rev_iter_t _cur=treap_rev_iter_init( treap, pool ); !treap_rev_iter_done( _cur );
    3221         870 :         _cur=treap_rev_iter_next( _cur, pool ) ) {
    3222         420 :       txn_cnt++;
    3223         420 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * cur = treap_rev_iter_ele_const( _cur, pool );
    3224         420 :       fd_txn_t const * txn = TXN(cur->txn);
    3225         420 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * accts   = fd_txn_get_acct_addrs( txn, cur->txn->payload );
    3226         420 :       fd_acct_addr_t const * alt_adj = cur->txn_e->alt_accts - fd_txn_account_cnt( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_IMM );
    3227             : 
    3228         420 :       fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * in_tbl = sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &cur->_txn_e, NULL, pool );
    3229         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( in_tbl, "signature missing from sig2txn" );
    3230             : 
    3231         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( (ulong)(cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==fd_ulong_min( k, 2UL )+1UL, "treap element had bad root" );
    3232         420 :       if( FD_LIKELY( (cur->root & FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_TAG_MASK)==FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY(0) ) ) {
    3233           0 :         fd_acct_addr_t const * penalty_acct = ACCT_IDX_TO_PTR( FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_PENALTY_ACCT_IDX( cur->root ) );
    3234           0 :         VERIFY_TEST( !memcmp( penalty_acct, pack->penalty_treaps[ k-2UL ].key.b, 32UL ), "transaction in wrong penalty treap" );
    3235           0 :       }
    3236         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( cur->expires_at>=pack->expire_before, "treap element expired" );
    3237             : 
    3238         420 :       fd_pack_expq_t const * eq = pack->expiration_q + cur->expq_idx;
    3239         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->txn==cur, "expq inconsistent" );
    3240         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( eq->expires_at==cur->expires_at, "expq expires_at inconsistent" );
    3241             : 
    3242         420 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( complement );
    3243         420 :       FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( complement, full );
    3244         420 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_WRITABLE );
    3245        1395 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3246         975 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3247             : 
    3248         975 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3249         975 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3250         975 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3251         975 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3252         975 :         total_references--;
    3253             : 
    3254         975 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3255         975 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3256         975 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3257         582 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3258         582 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset  ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3259         582 :         }
    3260         975 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3261         975 :       }
    3262         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->w_bitset,  cur->w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3263             : 
    3264         420 :       for( fd_txn_acct_iter_t iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_init( txn, FD_TXN_ACCT_CAT_READONLY );
    3265        1815 :           iter!=fd_txn_acct_iter_end(); iter=fd_txn_acct_iter_next( iter ) ) {
    3266             : 
    3267        1395 :         fd_acct_addr_t acct = *ACCT_ITER_TO_PTR( iter );
    3268        1395 :         if( FD_UNLIKELY( fd_pack_unwritable_contains( &acct ) ) ) continue;
    3269         885 :         fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( bitset_copy, acct, NULL );
    3270         885 :         VERIFY_TEST( q, "account in transaction missing from bitset mapping" );
    3271         885 :         VERIFY_TEST( q->ref_cnt>0UL, "account in transaction ref_cnt already 0" );
    3272         885 :         q->ref_cnt--;
    3273         885 :         total_references--;
    3274             : 
    3275         885 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3276         885 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3277         885 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3278         870 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, cur->rw_bitset, cur->rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3279         870 :         }
    3280         885 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( complement, q->bit );
    3281         885 :       }
    3282         420 :       VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( complement, complement, cur->rw_bitset,  cur->rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3283         420 :     }
    3284         870 :   }
    3285             : 
    3286         435 :   bitset_map_leave( bitset_copy );
    3287         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==pack->pending_txn_cnt, "txn_cnt" );
    3288             : 
    3289         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( total_references==0UL, "extra references in bitset mapping" );
    3290         435 :   ulong sig2txn_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3291         435 :   for( sig2txn_iter_t iter = sig2txn_iter_init( pack->signature_map, pool );
    3292         855 :       !sig2txn_iter_done( iter, pack->signature_map, pool );
    3293         435 :       iter = sig2txn_iter_next( iter, pack->signature_map, pool ) ) {
    3294         420 :     sig2txn_key_cnt++;
    3295         420 :   }
    3296         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt==sig2txn_key_cnt, "extra signatures in sig2txn" );
    3297         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !sig2txn_verify( pack->signature_map, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "sig2txn corrupt" );
    3298             : 
    3299             :   /* Count noncemap keys */
    3300         435 :   ulong noncemap_key_cnt = 0UL;
    3301         435 :   for( noncemap_iter_t iter = noncemap_iter_init( pack->noncemap, pool );
    3302         480 :       !noncemap_iter_done( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3303         435 :       iter = noncemap_iter_next( iter, pack->noncemap, pool ) ) {
    3304          45 :     noncemap_key_cnt++;
    3305             :     /* Ensure element is in pool */
    3306          45 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t const * ord = noncemap_iter_ele_const( iter, pack->noncemap, pool );
    3307          45 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord->txn->flags & FD_TXN_P_FLAGS_DURABLE_NONCE, "invalid entry in noncemap" );
    3308             : 
    3309             :     /* Although pack allows multiple transactions with the same
    3310             :        signature in sig2txn (MAP_MULTI==1), the noncemap checks prevent
    3311             :        multiple nonce transactions with the same signature. */
    3312          45 :     VERIFY_TEST( ord==sig2txn_ele_query_const( pack->signature_map, &ord->_txn_e, NULL, pool ), "noncemap and sig2txn desynced" );
    3313          45 :   }
    3314         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( txn_cnt>=noncemap_key_cnt, "phantom txns in noncemap" );
    3315         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( !noncemap_verify( pack->noncemap, trp_pool_max( pool ), pool ), "noncemap corrupt" );
    3316             : 
    3317         435 :   ulong slots_found = 0UL;
    3318         435 :   ulong const pool_max = trp_pool_max( pool );
    3319      459492 :   for( ulong i=0UL; i<pool_max; i++ ) {
    3320      459057 :     fd_pack_ord_txn_t * ord = pack->pool + i;
    3321      459057 :     if( ord->root!=FD_ORD_TXN_ROOT_FREE ) slots_found++;
    3322      459057 :   }
    3323         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( slots_found==txn_cnt, "phantom slots in pool" );
    3324             : 
    3325         435 :   bitset_map_join( _bitset_map_orig );
    3326             : 
    3327         435 :   int lg_uses_tbl_sz = acct_uses_lg_slot_cnt( pack->acct_in_use );
    3328             : 
    3329         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_copy = scratch;
    3330         435 :   void * _acct_in_use_orig = acct_uses_leave( pack->acct_in_use );
    3331         435 :   fd_memcpy( _acct_in_use_copy, _acct_in_use_orig, acct_uses_footprint( lg_uses_tbl_sz ) );
    3332             : 
    3333         435 :   fd_pack_addr_use_t * acct_in_use_copy = acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_copy );
    3334             : 
    3335         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_complement );
    3336         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_complement );
    3337         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_complement, full );
    3338         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_complement, full );
    3339             : 
    3340         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE( rw_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY( rw_bitset, pack->bitset_rw_in_use );
    3341         435 :   FD_PACK_BITSET_DECLARE(  w_bitset );  FD_PACK_BITSET_COPY(  w_bitset, pack->bitset_w_in_use  );
    3342             : 
    3343             : 
    3344         435 :   ulong const EMPTY_MASK = ~(FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE | FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED);
    3345             : 
    3346       12240 :   for( ulong bank=0UL; bank<pack->bank_tile_cnt; bank++ ) {
    3347             : 
    3348       11805 :     fd_pack_addr_use_t const * base = pack->use_by_bank[ bank ];
    3349       11805 :     ulong bank_mask = 1UL << bank;
    3350             : 
    3351       12666 :     for( ulong i=0UL; i<pack->use_by_bank_cnt[ bank ]; i++ ) {
    3352         861 :       fd_pack_addr_use_t * use = acct_uses_query( acct_in_use_copy, base[i].key, NULL );
    3353         861 :       VERIFY_TEST( use, "acct in use by bank not in acct_in_use, or in uses_by_bank twice" );
    3354             : 
    3355         861 :       VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & bank_mask, "acct in uses_by_bank doesn't have corresponding bit set in acct_in_use, or it was in the list twice" );
    3356             : 
    3357         861 :       fd_pack_bitset_acct_mapping_t * q = bitset_map_query( pack->acct_to_bitset, base[i].key, NULL );
    3358             :       /* The normal case is that the acct->bit mapping is preserved
    3359             :          while in use by other transactions in the pending list.  This
    3360             :          might not always happen though.  It's okay for the mapping to
    3361             :          get deleted while the acct is in use, which is noted with
    3362             :          BIT_CLEARED.  If that is set, the mapping may not exist, or it
    3363             :          may have been re-created, perhaps with a different bit. */
    3364         861 :       if( q==NULL ) VERIFY_TEST( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED, "acct in use not in acct_to_bitset, but not marked as cleared" );
    3365           0 :       else if( !(use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_BIT_CLEARED) ) {
    3366           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEAR( bit );
    3367           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_SETN( bit, q->bit );
    3368           0 :         if( q->bit<FD_PACK_BITSET_MAX ) {
    3369           0 :           VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, rw_bitset, rw_bitset ), "missing from rw bitset" );
    3370           0 :           if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) {
    3371           0 :             VERIFY_TEST( !FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( bit, bit, w_bitset, w_bitset ), "missing from w bitset" );
    3372           0 :             FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( w_complement, q->bit );
    3373           0 :           }
    3374           0 :         }
    3375           0 :         FD_PACK_BITSET_CLEARN( rw_complement, q->bit );
    3376           0 :       }
    3377         861 :       if( use->in_use_by & FD_PACK_IN_USE_WRITABLE ) VERIFY_TEST( (use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK)==bank_mask, "writable, but in use by multiple" );
    3378             : 
    3379         861 :       use->in_use_by &= ~bank_mask;
    3380         861 :       if( !(use->in_use_by & EMPTY_MASK) ) acct_uses_remove( acct_in_use_copy, use );
    3381         861 :     }
    3382       11805 :   }
    3383         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( acct_uses_key_cnt( acct_in_use_copy )==0UL, "stray uses in acct_in_use" );
    3384         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY( rw_complement, rw_complement, rw_bitset,  rw_bitset ), "extra in rw bitset" );
    3385         435 :   VERIFY_TEST( FD_PACK_BITSET_INTERSECT4_EMPTY(  w_complement,  w_complement,  w_bitset,   w_bitset ), "extra in w bitset" );
    3386             : 
    3387         435 :   acct_uses_leave( acct_in_use_copy );
    3388             : 
    3389         435 :   acct_uses_join( _acct_in_use_orig );
    3390         435 :   return 0;
    3391         435 : }
    3392             : 
    3393         243 : void * fd_pack_leave ( fd_pack_t * pack ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return (void *)pack; }
    3394         243 : void * fd_pack_delete( void      * mem  ) { FD_COMPILER_MFENCE(); return mem;          }

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